Individual Classification of Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes by Support Vector Machine Analysis of White Matter DTI.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MCI was recently subdivided into sd-aMCI, sd-fMCI, and md-aMCI. The current investigation aimed to discriminate between MCI subtypes by using DTI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six prospective participants were included: 18 with sd-aMCI, 13 with sd-fMCI, and 35 with md-aMCI. Statistics included group comparisons using TBSS and individual classification using SVMs. RESULTS: The group-level analysis revealed a decrease in FA in md-aMCI versus sd-aMCI in an extensive bilateral, right-dominant network, and a more pronounced reduction of FA in md-aMCI compared with sd-fMCI in right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. The comparison between sd-fMCI and sd-aMCI, as well as the analysis of the other diffusion parameters, yielded no significant group differences. The individual-level SVM analysis provided discrimination between the MCI subtypes with accuracies around 97%. The major limitation is the relatively small number of cases of MCI. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that, at the group level, the md-aMCI subgroup has the most pronounced damage in white matter integrity. Individually, SVM analysis of white matter FA provided highly accurate classification of MCI subtypes.

Human capital and regional development

We investigate the determinants of regional development using a newly constructed database of 1569 sub-national regions from 110 countries covering 74 percent of the world s surface and 97 percent of its GDP. We combine the cross-regional analysis of geographic, institutional, cultural, and human capital determinants of regional development with an examination of productivity in several thousand establishments located in these regions. To organize the discussion, we present a new model of regional development that introduces into a standard migration framework elements of both the Lucas (1978) model of the allocation of talent between entrepreneurship and work, and the Lucas (1988) model of human capital externalities. The evidence points to the paramount importance of human capital in accounting for regional differences in development, but also suggests from model estimation and calibration that entrepreneurial inputs and possibly human capital externalities help understand the data.

Iowa Individual Income Tax School District, Tax Year 1997

Iowa School District Surtax Report 1997

Iowa Individual Income Tax School District, Tax Year 1998

Iowa School District Surtax Report 1998

Iowa Individual Income Tax School District Report, Tax Year 1999

Iowa School District Surtax Report 1999

Iowa Individual Income Tax School District Report, Tax Year 2000

Iowa School District Surtax Report 2000

Iowa Individual Income Tax School District Report, Tax Year 2001

Iowa School District Surtax Report 2001

Iowa Individual Income Tax School District Report, Tax Year 2002

Iowa School District Surtax Report 2002

Iowa Individual Income Tax School District Report, Tax Year 2003

Iowa School District Surtax Report 2003

Iowa Individual Income Tax School District Report, Tax Year 2004

Iowa School District Surtax Report 2004

Iowa Individual Income Tax School District Report, Tax Year 2005

Iowa School District Surtax Report 2005

Iowa Individual Income Annual Tax Statistical Report 1997

Iowa Individual Income Tax Statistical Report 1997

Iowa Individual Income Tax Annual Statistical Report 1998

Iowa Individual Income Tax Statistical Report 1998

Iowa Individual Income Tax Annual Statistical Report 1999

Iowa Individual Income Tax Statistical Report 1999

Iowa Individual Income Tax Annual Statistical Report 2000

Iowa Individual Income Tax Statistical Report 2000