Effect of Surface Condition of Electrode on the Surface Melting of Material by Laser-Guided Micro-Arc Discharge

This paper studies the surface melting in the atmosphere by YAG laser-guided micro-arc discharge. In three kinds of surface conditions (free, oiled, and polyethylene covered), we try to control the diameter and the power density of discharge pit. It is found that the power density of 3 x 10(6) W/cm(2) of discharge pit on the oiled surface is moderate to form the melted layer thicker than that of the others, adapting to strengthen the surface of material, and the power density of 1.07 x 10(7) W/cm(2) of discharge pit on the polyethylene-covered surface is highest to form the deepest discharge pit among them, adapting to remove the material.

Crack propagation in the power-law nonlinear viscoelastic material

An analysis on crack creep propagation problem of power-law nonlinear viscoelastic materials is presented. The creep incompressilility assumption is used. To simulate fracture behavior of craze region, it is assumed that in the fracture process zone near the crack tip, the cohesive stress sigma(f) acts upon the crack surfaces and resists crack opening. Through a perturbation method, i. e., by superposing the Mode-I applied force onto a referential uniform stress state, which has a trivial solution and gives no effect on the solution of the original problem, the nonlinear viscoelastic problem is reduced to linear problem. For weak nonlinear materials, for which the power-law index n similar or equal to 1, the expressions of stress and crack surface displacement are derived. Then, the fracture process zone local energy criterion is proposed and based on which the formulas of cracking incubation time t

Torsional impact response of a penny-shaped interface crack in bonded materials with a graded material interlayer

In this paper, the dynamic response of a penny-shaped interface crack in bonded dissimilar homogeneous half-spaces is studied. It is assumed that the two materials are bonded together with such a inhomogeneous interlayer that makes the elastic modulus in the direction perpendicular to the crack surface is continuous throughout the space. The crack surfaces art assumed to be subjected to torsional impact loading. Laplace and Hankel integral transforms are applied combining with a dislocation density,function to reduce the mixed boundary value problem into a singular integral equation with a generalized Cauchy kernel in Laplace domain. By solving the singular integral equation numerically, and using a numerical Laplace inversion technique, the dynamic stress intensity factors art obtained. The influences of material properties and interlayer thickness on the dynamic stress intensity factor are investigated.

A dynamic coupling model for hybrid atomistic-continuum computations

A dynamic coupling model is developed for a hybrid atomistic-continuum computation in micro- and nano-fluidics. In the hybrid atomistic-continuum computation, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is utilized in one region where the continuum assumption breaks down and the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations are used in another region where the continuum assumption holds. In the overlapping part of these two regions, a constrained particle dynamics is needed to couple the MD simulation and the NS equations. The currently existing coupling models for the constrained particle dynamics have a coupling parameter, which has to be empirically determined. In the present work, a novel dynamic coupling model is introduced where the coupling parameter can be calculated as the computation progresses rather than inputing a priori. The dynamic coupling model is based on the momentum constraint and exhibits a correct relaxation rate. The results from the hybrid simulation on the Couette flow and the Stokes flow are in good agreement with the data from the full MD simulation and the solutions of the NS equations, respectively. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comportamiento de dos poblaciones de Moringa oleifera (material acriollado y mejorado PKM1) en sus primeras etapas de crecimiento en condiciones de vivero, UNA, Managua, 2013

El presente trabajo de investigación se estableció entre los meses de Abril- Junio, 2013, en el vivero de la Facultad de Recursos Naturales de la Universidad Nacional Agraria, con la finalidad de evaluar germinación y sobrevivencia de las plántulas, afectaciones por plagas y enfermedades, altura de la planta, diámetro basal del tallo, número de hojas, tasa de crecimiento en función de la altura, longitud de la raíz principal, numero de raíces, diámetro de la raíz principal, peso fresco y seco de la parte aérea de la planta y su raíz de dos poblaciones de Moringa oleifera: acriollada y mejorada PKM1. Se utilizó un Diseño Completamente Aleatorizado con 20 repeticiones para las primeras 8 variables y 8 repeticiones para las 5 últimas variables en ambos tratamientos. Durante el periodo experimental, M. oleifera acriollada presentó un porcentaje de germinación de 98.33% mientras que PKM1 de 78.30%, en cuanto a la sobrevivencia para acriollada fue de 99.43% y la PKM1 de 97.16%. Las dos poblaciones fueron afectadas por Zompopo (Atta. spp) siendo la más afectada PKM1 con él 90% consideradas como susceptibles. Al final de la evaluación se observaron diferencias estadísticas (P <0.05) a favor de Moringa acriollada en: altura de la planta, diámetro basal del tallo, numero de hojas, tasa de crecimiento en función de la altura, longitud de la raíz principal, número de raíces, diámetro de la raíz principal, peso seco de la raíz. El peso seco de la parte aérea no mostró diferencias estadísticas (P <0.05) entre tratamientos. Mediante el análisis se demostró que existe comportamiento diferente de crecimiento entre los tratamientos evaluados, aun cuando el material acriollado exhibió mejores resultados en la mayoría de las variables medidas ambos presentaron un buen comportamiento en la fase de vivero.