El rol del educador físico en el equipo interdisciplinario de cirugía bariátrica

Hoy, no resultaría difícil hallar literatura referida a los beneficios del Ejercicio Físico (EF), en la prevención y tratamiento de metabolopatías, obesidad, osteoporosis, fibromialgía, hipertensión arterial, artropatías periféricas y cardiopatías, sarcopenia, síndrome de fragilidad, disfunciones del suelo pélvico, deterioro cognitivo, etc.. Esto pone a los Educadores Físicos (EdF) (Maestros, Profesores, Licenciados), frente a una responsabilidad de la cual hay que tomar conciencia, ya sea que labore en un patio, en un gimnasio, en un club, en un hospital o en una plaza; es decir en una nueva posición en relación a los servicios de salud y a las necesidades de la población; que merece un importante ejercicio de responsabilidad. En la ciudad de La Plata, donde desempeñamos nuestra tarea, vivimos una fuerte discusión sobre quién y cómo debe prescribir el EF; existiendo ámbitos o equipos de salud que se encuentran a la avanzada, habiendo superado ampliamente la discusión de mención y donde cada profesional actualiza su rol, en el marco de equipos interdisciplinarios. El presente trabajo relata la experiencia recogida por los profesores de EF en el grupo BAROS La Plata, institución integrada por un equipo interdisciplinario, dedicado a brindar atención integral al paciente con obesidad que requiere de una cirugía para poder bajar de peso. Se fundamentará el concepto de interdisciplina en Obesidad, así como el por qué de la incorporación de EdF y el EF en el equipo de salud

La Educación Física y el cuerpo en la escuela

La escuela se ha ocupado siempre del cuerpo de los alumnos: ciudadanía, género, vida productiva, defensa de la patria. Lo ha hecho a través de la organización del cotidiano escolar, del control de sus movimientos y también de diversas áreas curriculares; como la Educación Física. Esta tarea ha sido activa productora de subjetividad. La actuación escolar se ha guiado por la pregunta ¿qué hacemos con los cuerpos mientras los niños aprenden?, adjudicándole a la EF la actuación guiada por su complementaria ¿qué hacemos con el niño mientras el cuerpo hace lo correcto? He aquí las bases de la educación corporal dominante, fragmentadora entre los sujetos y sus cuerpos. Pero la EF ha ocupado un lugar curricular destinado a abordar problematizaciones sociales silenciadas, es decir, no traducidas o explicitados en temas de enseñanza. Otras disciplinas, con saberes provenientes de la cultura crítica, expresión legítima del saber oficial, han tematizado esos saberes y lograron un lugar destacado en la jerarquía escolar, mientras los "saberes del cuerpo" no llegaron a transformarse en objetos de enseñanza. El cuerpo en la escuela debe ser pensado como parte de la discusión por una nueva ciudadanía a construir, como parte de la búsqueda de una justicia distributiva que contemple el acceso igualitario a los bienes culturales y a las experiencias más enriquecedoras para todos y todas. Entendiendo justamente el cuerpo no como un objeto sobre el cual se ha de operar, sino como esa construcción dinámica que se da entre la cultura de movimientos y los sujetos, a través de sus experiencias corporales

¿Profesores de educación física o profesores de gimnasia? Los saberes de la educación física

El campo de la educación física es, al menos en nuestro país, densamente inespecífico y altamente permeable a conocimientos que provengan de otras disciplinas. El presente trabajo busca abordarlo desde la posibilidad de constituirse como un campo de conocimiento en sí o si su razón histórica y presente es ser una práctica. Utilizaremos como insumo de análisis a dos figuras principales, Carlos Vaz Ferreira y Alberto Langlade. Entendemos que a partir del análisis de sus obras nos acercaremos a un abordaje complementario del fenómeno seleccionado, por ser referentes de disciplinas y épocas diferentes. Elegimos a Vaz Ferreira por su influencia en la construcción de la educación uruguaya, tanto por las inflexiones que generó como por los debates y propuestas que no se consolidaron en transformaciones pero que dan cuenta de un modo de ser de la educación uruguaya. En el caso de Alberto Langlade, entendemos que es probablemente el mejor exponente de una teoría trunca de la EF uruguaya, cuyos aportes en relación a la gimnasia han sido significativos para la EF más allá de la realidad nacional

Circuito de exercícios sensoriais para o treinamento do equilíbrio funcional e possibilidade de quedas em pessoas idosas

Exercícios físicos auxiliam na melhora do equilíbrio, entretanto há carência de protocolos específicos para trabalhar preventivamente o equilíbrio funcional (EF) e a possibilidade de quedas (PQ) em idosos da comunidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um Circuito de exercícios sensoriais (CE) sobre o EF e a PQ em mulheres idosas. Completaram o estudo 57 idosas, divididas em grupo experimental (G1= 32; 65,61±4,72 anos) e grupo controle (G2 = 25; 68,41±4,99 anos). G1 praticou 12 semanas de CE composto por 13 estaçoes em forma de circuito. Foram realizadas 2 aulas semanais de 50 minutos de duraçao, compostas por aquecimento, exercícios sensoriais e volta à calma. O grau de dificuldade foi progressivo ao longo do treinamento. EF e PQ foram avaliados antes e depois da intervençao, respectivamente pela Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (EEB) e pelo Indice de Possibilidade de Quedas (IPQ). Utilizou-se estatística nao paramétrica para análise dos dados, adotando-se em todos os testes nível de significância 5(p¾0,05). G1 apresentou incremento significativo no EF (p = 0,001) e reduçao significativa na PQ (p = 0,013). Estes resultados indicam que a prática do Circuito de exercícios sensoriais é capaz de melhorar o equilíbrio e diminuir a possibilidade de quedas em idosas

Consolidation and permeability characteristics at DSDP Sites 87-582, 87-583, and 87-584

The results of nine consolidation and permeability tests are presented for sediment samples from the Japan Trench and Nankai Trough sites of Leg 87. Coring and degassing disturbance results in an underconsolidated state for most Site 582 samples; however, the compressional effects of the subduction zone and high sediment accumulation rates may also play a role in causing underconsolidation. Samples collected at Site 583 exhibit similar evidence of disturbance but are slightly overconsolidated, confirming the possibility of sediment erosion at this site. The highly diatomaceous sediments at Site 584 are all overconsolidated, but the trend of overconsolidation decreases with depth. Disturbances of the diatom clay structure may increase the sediment compressibility and create this apparent overconsolidation

Strength and deformation behavior of ODP Leg 110 sediments

The shape and morphology of the northern Barbados Ridge complex is largely controlled by the sediment yield and failure behavior in response to high lateral loads imposed by convergence. Loads in excess of sediment yield strength result in nonrecoverable deformations within the wedge, and failure strength acts as an upper limit beyond which stresses are released through thrust faults. Relatively high loading rates lead to delayed consolidation and in-situ pore pressures greater than hydrostatic. The sediment yield and failure behavior is described for any stress path by a generalized constitutive model. A yield locus delineates the onset of plastic (non-recoverable) deformation, as defined from the isotropic and anisotropic consolidation responses of high-quality 38-mm triaxial specimens; a failure envelope was obtained by shearing the same specimens in both triaxial compression and extension. The yield locus is shown to be rotated into extension space and is centered about a K-line greater than unity, suggesting that the in-situ major principal stress has rotated into the horizontal plane, and that the sediment wedge is being subjected to extensional effective stress paths.

Concentration and composition of aerosols over the North Atlantic in August 1995

Data on composition of aerosols are considered. Investigations include electron microscopy, grain size, mineralogical and chemical analyses. Samples of aerosols were collected Cruise 37 of R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh along a transatlantic section along 40°-50°N. Variability of concentrations and composition of aerosols with distance from continents is shown: concentrations of aerosols decrease by factor of ten and more. Significant portion of mineral components in aerosols collected over the continent is replaced by organic matter due to mechanical differentiation during transportation. Such anthropogenic components as soot, ash, and combustion spheres were detected in all samples. North African dust was found in one sample in the western part of the section.

Relative abundances and microbial numbers of organisms from water sample station GeoB15704-2

Due to sampling difficulties, little is known about microbial communities associated with sinking marine snow in the twilight zone. A drifting sediment trap was equipped with a viscous cryogel and deployed to collect intact marine snow from depths of 100 and 400 m off Cape Blanc (Mauritania). Marine snow aggregates were fixed and washed in situ to prevent changes in microbial community composition and to enable subsequent analysis using catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH). The attached microbial communities collected at 100 m were similar to the free-living community at the depth of the fluorescence maximum (20 m) but different from those at other depths (150, 400, 550, and 700 m). Therefore, the attached microbial community seemed to be "inherited" from that at the fluorescence maximum. The attached microbial community structure at 400 m differed from that of the attached community at 100 m and from that of any free-living community at the tested depths, except that collected near the sediment at 700 m. The differences between the particle-associated communities at 400 m and 100 m appeared to be due to internal changes in the attached microbial community rather than de novo colonization, detachment, or grazing during the sinking of marine snow. The new sampling method presented here will facilitate future investigations into the mechanisms that shape the bacterial community within sinking marine snow, leading to better understanding of the mechanisms which regulate biogeochemical cycling of settling organic matter.

Stress field of basaltic rocks of ODP Hole 127-794C

We carried out an experiment to estimate in-situ stresses at ODP Hole 794C (water depth: 2809 m) from the basaltic core samples by deformation rate analysis (DRA). Site 794 is located at the northern end of the Yamato Basin and 70 km west of the eastern Japan Sea intraplate or interplate convergent zone. Stress previously applied to a rock specimen is identified in the inelastic strain behavior of the specimen under uniaxial compression by the method used. Natural remanent magnetization of the sample was also measured to get a reference for the orientation of the horizontal stresses. The vertical, maximum, and minimum horizontal in-situ stresses estimated at a depth of 582 mbsf are 36.4, 43.1, and 31.2 MPa, respectively. The average of the largest and the least horizontal stresses is nearly equal in value to the vertical stress. This suggests that the site is in the stress field of the strike slip regime at the depth, while the stress field of the reverse fault regime has been estimated from the focal mechanism solutions of the earthquakes whose hypocenters are located near or on the convergent boundary. The directions of the largest and the least horizontal stress are estimated to be northeast-southwest and in northwest-southeast, respectively, in taking account of rotation tectonics of the Japan Sea since its formation. The directions of the largest and the least horizontal stresses are opposite to those determined from the earthquakes. These discrepancies of our results with those from earthquakes may be due mainly to the fact that the site is not in the convergent zone.

Geochemical traces across the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum on Walvis Ridge

An understanding of sediment redox conditions across the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) (?55 Ma) is essential for evaluating changes in processes that control deep-sea oxygenation, as well as identifying the mechanisms responsible for driving the benthic foraminifera extinction. Sites cored on the flanks of Walvis Ridge (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 208, Sites 1262, 1266, and 1263) allow us to examine changes in bottom and pore water redox conditions across a ~2 km depth transect of deep-sea sediments of PETM age recovered from the South Atlantic. Here we present measurements of the concentrations of redox-sensitive trace metals manganese (Mn) and uranium (U) in bulk sediment as proxies for redox chemistry at the sediment-water interface and below. All three Walvis Ridge sites exhibit bulk Mn enrichment factors (EF) ranging between 4 and 12 prior to the warming, values at crustal averages (Mn EF = 1) during the warming interval, and a return to pre-event values during the recovery period. U enrichment factors across the PETM remains at crustal averages (U EF = 1) at Site 1262 (deep) and Site 1266 (intermediate depth). U enrichment factors at Site 1263 (shallow) peaked at 5 immediately prior to the PETM and dropped to values near crustal averages during and after the event. All sites were lower in dissolved oxygen content during the PETM. Before and after the PETM, the deep and intermediate sites were oxygenated, while the shallow site was suboxic. Our geochemical results indicate that oxygen concentrations did indeed drop during the PETM but not sufficiently to cause massive extinction of benthic foraminifera.