First record of petrified Permian pecopterids from the Parana Basin, Brazil (Corumbatai Formation, Passa Dois Group, northeastern State of São Paulo): Morphology, anatomy and paleoecological implications

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Determinação da relação central. Estudo sobre as posições laterais da mandíbula, em relação à linha mediana facial, em função de dois métodos para esta determinação.

The authors studied the lateral positional desviations of the mandible, in relation to the facial median line in 30 (thirty) full edentulous patients, with the purpose to verify the influence of the unstrained guided (chinpoint guidance) and deglutition methods for the determination of centric relation. According the results obtained they conclude that the unstrained guided method produced a mandibular lateral desviation with a mean value of the 0.752 mm and in the deglutition method the mean value observed was 1.109 mm. The statistical analysis of the results revealed for the unstrained guided method a proportion of the points to the right and left of the median line not statistically significant, while for the deglutition method the difference was statistically significant at a level of 5%.

Estudo histológico comparativo entre dois métodos de obtenção de cortes de alvéolos de ratos.

The chronology of the wound healing process following tooth extraction was studied by means of two kinds of histological cuts. Two groups of 42 albino rats were employed. In the first one, the sockets were cut in a transversal way. In the second one the cuts were performed in a longitudinal way. The rats were sacrificed after 3, 6, 9, 15, 21, 24, and 28 days following the surgeries. After laboratorial outline the obtained pieces were stained by hematoxylin and eosin for histological purposes. It way be concluded that: 1. The results got from longitudinal cuts were in agreement to those described by other authors; 2. The transversal cuts allow us to detect intensive resorption of the lateral alveolar wall at the cervical thirs; 3. On the 21st day following dental extraction the incisor socket of the rat shows a great deal of areas not ossified; 4. The healing process of dental extraction wounds of the upper incisor of the rat is completed between 24 and 28 post operative days.

Anemia em crianças menores de dois anos atendidas nas unidades básicas de saúde no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

The present study sought to determine the prevalence of anemia in 2,992 children, aged between 6 and 23 months, who voluntarily attended 160 Basis Health Care Units, located in 63 cities of the 5 Regional Health Coordinating areas of the State of S. Paulo, Brazil. Blood samples were collected by venous puncture and hemoglobin was measured by the cianometahemoglobin method. The WHO criteria for the diagnosis of anemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) were used: 59.1% of the children were shown to be anemic, with prevalence varying from 47.8% to 68.7% in the 5 RHCs. RHC 1, which comprises the Greater S. Paulo Region, presented a prevalence of anemia significantly lower than the other 4 RHCs, which cover the rest of the State. Hemoglobin levels 9.5 g/dl were found in 25.1% of the children. Anemia was more frequent in male children in male children, in those born, with a weight of less than 3,000 gr, in those who were breastfed for less than 2 months and in those that who presented some degree of energy deficient proteic malnutrition, according to Gomez's criteria. This is the first of a series of 4 articles whose purpose is the determining the prevalence of anemia in the State of S. Paulo and of testing the intervention alternatives with a view to curtailing the incidence of this pathology which today is the most prevalent nutritional disturbance in the world.

Análise do escoamento de HFC-134a em tubos capilares usando o modelo de dois fluidos

This work presents a numerical model to simulate refrigerant flow through capillary tubes, commonly used as expansion devices in refrigeration systems. The capillary tube is considered straight and horizontal. The flow is taken as one-dimensional and adiabatic. Steady state and thermodynamic equilibrium conditions are assumed. The two-fluid model, involving four conservation equations and considering the hidrodynamic nonequilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases is applied to the flow region. The pressure profiles and the mass flow rates given by the model are compared with experimental data.

Granuloma facial: A proposito de dois casos

Granuloma faciale is a benign and rare disease restricted to the skin. Its etiopathogenesis is not related to systemic granulomatous and eosinophilic diseases. Two adult patients with reddish-brown lesions on the facial are reported. Among the treatments used, the more consistent results were observed with intralesional triamcinolona (Case 1) and with CO2 Laser (Case 2), with clear advantage of the laser therapy. The histopathology and the therapeutic options are discussed.

Comparação de dois métodos de extração de Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli em sementes de feijoeiro

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the extraction of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli from naturally infected dry bean seeds. Extraction methods tested included soaking whole seeds in sterilized saline phosphate buffer and crushing seeds after soaking in sterilized saline phosphate buffer. The bacterium was isolated on a semiselective agar medium. The seed crushing method was found to be more effective. The bacterium strains isolated were pathogenic to bean leaves, reacted with X. campestris pv. phaseoli antiserum, and had morphological and physiological/biochemical characteristics typical of the X. campestris pv. phaseoli.

Aditivos na ensilagem do capim-elefante. II. Qualidade das silagens amostradas por dois métodos

Silages of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Guaçu prepared with 0, 8, 16 and 24% of ground ear com with husks, wheat bran and saccharin, dry weight of additive/wet weight of green chop basis. The experimental design was a randomized blocks one in split-plot; the plots were the additives and levels, and the sub-plots the sampling methods. The material was ensiled using plastic vessels in middle of which holed pvc pipes (3 inches diameter) were put. These pipes (one per vessel) had the same length as the height of the vessels, and were filled at the same time and compacted the same way as the vessels. The first method of sampling used the material ensiled inside the pvc pipe, which was lifted out from the vessel at the moment of the silo opening. The other sampling method, normaly used in digestibility trials, consisted of samples composed by daily sub-samples collected in the vessels. The pvc sampling method was more efficient because it sampled a profile of the whole silage. All of the silages showed high percentages of lactic acid and low percentages or even absence of butyric acid, though in all silages high ammoniacal-N percentages were detected.

Acidentes provocados por Millipede com manifestacoes dermatologicas: Relatos de dois casos

This study is based on the two case reports of accidents provoked by arthropods (Millepede) in human beings. The authors present this type of accident, the insect specie that caused the accidents, the aggressive mechanism, which is poorly studied in Brazil, and the bibliography.

Efeito de estratégia de suplementação com concentrado no desempenho de cabras mestiças Saanen, em dois sistemas de produção

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the performances of cross breed Saanen dairy goats submitted to two strategies of supplementation with concentrate 30% of daily requirements in net energy (NRC, 1981) supplied by concentrate, from third week until the end of lactation (ESC. 1) or 60% of requirements from the 3rd to the 13th week of lactation and 15% from 14th until the end of lactation (ESC.2); and evaluate the animal response to these strategies of supplementation with concentrate in a semi-confined or pasture systems. Thirty one animals were used in a completely randomized design. The system of production affected the total intake of concentrate and total milk production; at pasture system the values for these two variables were higher. The supplementation with concentrate affected the total intake of concentrate and total production of milk and the relation of milk/consumption of concentrate. The highest value for relation of milk/consumption of concentrate and the least for the total consumption of concentrate were obtained at ESC. 1. Body weight affected of the system of production, resulting in a higher value to the system of pasture. Weight and body condition had different responses to he supplementation with concentrate according to the system of production. The semi-confined system ESC.2 resulted in a higher value to the body condition; the body weight was no affected. At pasture system the highest values for weight and body condition were obtained in the supplementation with concentrate ESC. 1. Reproductive parameters did not affect supplementation with concentrate and system of production.

Comparação de dois métodos de aplicação de fungicidas, irrigação por gotejamento e pulverização convencional no controle do mofo cinzento (Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.) em vasos com plantas de lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.)

Plan disease control techniques are used through the irrigation water, which reduces the labor and it improves application uniformity with smaller contact of the operator with toxic products, lower environmental impact and lower production cost. In order to control Botrytis cinerea the lisianthus culture, this work aimed to evaluate two fungicide application methods with different treatments. The fungicides were: thiophanate methyl (50 g i.a. L-1), thiophanate methyl + chlorothalonil (50 g i.a. L-1 + 35 g i.a. L-1) and iprodione (50 g i.a. L-1). Number of lesions, number of diseased floral buttons and height of the lisianthus plants were evaluated. It was possible to deduce, that in the growth stage (number of lesions in the plant) as well as in the final stage (number of floral buttons) of the lisianthus culture, the most efficient treatments were 2 (thiophanate methyl + chlorothalonil) and 3 (iprodione). Considering that treatment 2 is a mixture of two fungicides, a systemic and a contact one, independently of application methods, the mixture increased efficiency in relation to treatment 1 (thiophanate methyl). Thus, chemigation was as efficient as spreading technique.

Estudo comparativo da pressão arterial sistêmica obtida por dois métodos distintos

As arterial hypertension can be diagnosed by different methods, among which are the traditional auscultatory instrument and the automated oscillometric monitor, the aim of this study was to compare the performance of these instruments, to evaluate the reliability of the digital oscillometer. The sample consisted of 40 patients under dental treatment, whose blood pressure measurements were recorded. The measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressures were evaluated in terms of their intraclass correlation coefficients (r). For systolic blood pressure, an excellent level of agreement was found between the instruments, with r=0.93, and for diastolic blood pressure, there was a good level of agreement (r=0.75). It was concluded, from the excellent agreement for systolic blood pressure, that the oscillometric monitor can be recommended for the monitoring of the variations of that pressure in the same individual, while the good agreement obtained in the determination of the diastolic blood pressure indicates that the oscillometric method is reliable. However, new studies need to be carried out for a better understanding of the disagreements that can occur in the diastolic pressure results.