Pädagogisches Wissen in Bildern. Zum Bildprogramm der französischen Ausgaben des 18. Jahrhunderts von Rousseaus "Émile"

Aus Anlass der 250. Wiederkehr der Erstauflage von Rousseaus Werk "Émile oder über die Erziehung" widmet sich der Text der Analyse seiner Illustrationen. Die französischen Ausgaben des 18. Jahrhunderts wurden mit Kupferstichen von unterschiedlichen Künstlern gestaltet. Dabei war das Bildprogramm der Erstausgabe des Jahres 1762 noch von Rousseau autorisiert, während die posthumen Auflagen dies nicht mehr waren und einen vollständigen Wechsel des Bildprogramms vollziehen. Diese beiden unterschiedlichen Bildprogramme werden analysiert und in den Kontext ihrer Druckgeschichte gestellt. Dabei zeigt sich, auf welche Art das pädagogische Hauptwerk Rousseaus bildlich illustriert wird. (DIPF/Orig.)

Inklusion als Verstrickung. Essay

Im Anschluß an das narrative Verständnis der Zeit bei Paul Ricoeur und Wilhelm Schapp entwickelt der Text die These, daß Lebenszeit die Summe der erzählten und erzählbaren Geschichten ist, die wir über uns und die wir einander zu erzählen haben. Wenn diese These Geltung besitzt, plausibel und nachvollziehbar ist, dann sind Sonderpädagogen Geschichtenerzähler. Allerdings (re-)konstruieren sie nur eine Geschichte, nämlich die der Behinderung. Nur in diesem Fokus sind andere Menschen sonderpädagogisch überhaupt interessant. Dieser unauflösliche Widerspruch fundiert Sonderpädagogik. Fatal im Sinne von „end-gültig“ist die Konsequenz für den so Erzählten: wer nur eine Geschichte von sich zu erzählen hat, über wen es nur eine Geschichte zu erzählen gibt, der ist arm dran. Behinderung ist ein Geschichtsmonopol. Dem ist nur durch disziplinkritische Auswilderung zu entgehen. Die pädagogische Aufgabe liegt in der Eröffnung eines Horizontes von Geschichten. Dies kann die verengenden institutionellen und organisatorischen Fragestellungen gegenwärtiger inklusiver Bewegungsforschung erweitern und ergänzen. Es ist dabei gleichgültig, ob dies zu einer Neubestimmung von akademischer Sonderpädagogik oder ihrer Substituierung führt. Die weißen Handschuhe auszuziehen gilt es allemal. (DIPF/Orig.)

Bucephaloides-Gracilescens - A Quantitative Study Of The Lysosomal Cellular Stress Response Induced By The Sporocysts And Developing Cercariae Within The White Furrow Shell Abra-Alba

Reproductive stress is apparent inAbra alba as a result of infection with the sporocysts ofBucephaloides gracilescens, culminating in castration in heavily infected specimens. The bivalve is also subject to mechanical stress from actively growing sporocyst tubules and nutritional stress due to the nutrient requirement of large numbers of germ balls within the sporocysts. Using the digestive cell lysosomal system ofAbra as a monitor, it was possible to demonstrate quantitatively a parasite-induced cellular stress response by applying a sensitive cytochemical test for lysosomal stability. Lysosomal stability was determined as the labilisation period for latent Nacetyl-β-hexosaminidase (NAH), measured by microdensitometry. In uninfectedAbra, digestive cell lysosomal NAH expressed structure-linked latency. Hence a significantly longer labilisation period was required compared with infectedAbra, where the parasitic burden with its associated stress effects resulted in a destabilisation of the lysosomal membrane. This reduced the latency of the enzyme, so that a much shorter labilisation period was required for the stressed tissue to express maximum lysosomal enzyme activity. It is suggested that the lysosomal system of the digestive cells inAbra can be used as a sensitive monitor of the stress induced by the sporocysts and developing cercariae ofBucephaloides.

Spanish Sociology and Anti-Semitism Between passed prejudice and key to civilization

There is a significant lack of sociological research in Spain about anti-Semitism. At the same time there are alarming anti-Semitic tendencies and anti-Jewish stereotypes which are above the European average. This article aims to explain this lack of sociological research about anti-Semitism in Spain. Therefore two types of explications are offered: on the one hand side some structural problems will be shown which sociology in general had since its beginnings and which complicate the understanding of anti-Semitism. Furthermore explications regarding the specific social and historic situation in Spain and of Spanish sociology in particular will be exposed. It will be shown that for its rationalistic character and with the exception of very few authors – who are considered marginalized for practical research – sociology in general has had enormous problems in understanding anti-Semitism. The specific historic situation, Francoism, the dispute about the historic memory and the delayed institutionalisation of sociology could also explain the lack of sociological interest in the topic especially in Spain. The article shows that the study of anti-Semitism is not only relevant for struggling against this burden of society in many of its variants. Furthermore, thinking about anti-Semitism can help sociology to recognise its own epistemological problems. It can serve to criticise and improve instruments of sociological research by showing the limitations of the sociological approach and to uncover the importance of interdisciplinary research for understanding specific social phenomena. In that sense, anti-Semitism, far from being a marginal subject, can be considered a key topic in the process of civilisation and it can help us to decipher the contemporary Spanish society.

Pension structural reforms, re-reforms and their effects on social welfare: The case of Chile

This article fi rst summarizes the structural reforms of pensions (total or partial privatization) in Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe, identifying their advantages and disadvantages, and does the same with the international process of re-reforms of pensions with a greater role of the state. Second, chooses Chile as a case study, as a world pioneer in both types of reforms; describes their characteristics and effects on social welfare of the structural reform of 1981 and the re-reform of 2008. Such effects are evaluated based on ten basic principles of social security from the International Labour Offi ce (ILO): 1) social dialogue to approve the reforms, 2) universal coverage of the population, 3) equal treatment of insured persons, 4) social solidarity, 5) gender equity, 6) suffi ciency of benefi ts, 7) effi ciency and reasonable administrative cost, 8) social participation in the management of the system, 9) role of the state and supervision, and 10) fi nancial sustainability. Third, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages-challenges of the re-reform and informs on the current debate for further reforms.

Alien gosd in the new epics: Noah remythologised through the ancient astronaut hypothesis in Abel's Montagut's "La gesta d'Utnoa"

Modern scientific world-view has undermined traditional myths, the functional survival of which seems to depend today in the West on a positivist justification. This would place them in the field of real History, through their study and revitalization by pseudoscientific disciplines such as the Atlantis and the ancient astronaut hypotheses. These have inspired new epic poems in (regular) verse that combine classic and/or biblical myths with a (pseudo)scientific modern world-view. For example, the critical rewriting of Noah’s myth by using the ancient astronaut hypothesis as a fictional device to produce a contemporary kind of plausibility allowed Abel Montagut to renew epic poetry, updating it also by adopting science fiction chronotopes in order to structure his fictional construction and to generate a high ethical sense for our time. Thus, his Poemo de Utnoa (1993) / La gesta d’Utnoa (1996), which has become a major classic of the literature in Esperanto thanks to its original version in this language, is a landmark of both science fiction and neo-biblical epics. This poem is written from a secular and purely literary perspective.