Doping effect of Ag+, Mn2+ ions on Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO nanoparticles

Pure ZnO and co-doped (Mn, Ag) ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by chemical co-precipitation method without using a capping agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirms the presence of wurtzite (hexagonal) crystal structure similar to undoped ZnO, suggesting that doped Mn, Ag ions are substituted to the regular Zn sites. The morphology of the samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of pure and co-doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis spectroscopy (EDAX). Optical absorption properties were determined by UV-vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometer. The incorporation of Ag+, Mn2+ in the place of Zn2+ provoked to decrease the size of nanocrystals as compared to pure ZnO. Optical absorption measurements indicates blue shift in the absorption band edge upon Ag, Mn ions doped ZnO nanoparticles.

Texture evolution during hot deformation of Moly-TZM

Moly-TZM was deformed at constant strain rate of 1.0 s(-1) to investigate the high strain rate deformation behaviour by microstructural and stress response change within a temperature range of 1400-1700 degrees C. To correlate the deformation behaviour with orientational change, recrystallization and recovery of the material, the microstructural investigation was undertaken using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). Depending on the grain size and orientation spread recrystallized grains were identified and texture was calculated. Change in grain boundary characteristics with increasing temperature was determined by the misorientation angle distribution for the deformed and recrystallized grains. Subgrain coalescence and increase in subgrain size with increasing temperature was observed, indicating recrystallization not only occurred from the nucleation of the dislocation free grains in grain boundaries but also from the subgrain rotation and merging of the subgrains by annihilation of the low angle grain boundaries. Detailed studies on the evolution of texture of recrystallized grains showed continuous increase in <001> fiber texture in recrystallised grains, in contrast to a mixed fiber <001> +<111> for the deformed grains.

Role of stacking fault energy on texture evolution revisited

Three materials, pure aluminium, Al-4 wt.% Mg, alpha-brass have been chosen to understand the evolution of texture and microstructure during rolling. Pure Al develops a strong copper-type rolling texture and the deformation is entirely slip dominated. In Al-4Mg alloy, texture is copper-type throughout the deformation. The advent of Cu-type shear bands in the later stages of deformation has a negligible effect on the final texture. alpha-brass shows a characteristic brass-type texture from the early stages of rolling. Extensive twinning in the intermediate stages of deformation (epsilon(t) similar to 0.5) causes significant texture reorientation towards alpha-fiber. Beyond 40% reduction, deformation is dominated by Bs-type shear bands, and the banding coincides with the evolution of <111>parallel to ND components. The crystallites within the bands preferentially show <110>parallel to ND components. The absence of the Cu component throughout the deformation process indicates that, for the evolution of brass-type texture, the presence of Cu component is not a necessary condition. The final rolling texture is a synergistic effect of deformation twinning and shear banding.

Evolution of texture and its influence on the failure of components in some aluminium alloys

This paper describes the evolution of crystallographic texture in three of the most important high strength aluminium alloys, viz., AA2219, AA7075 and AFNOR7020 in the cold rolled and artificially aged condition. Bulk texture results were obtained by plotting pole figures from X-ray diffraction results followed by Orientation Distribution Function (ODF) analysis and micro-textures were measured using EBSD. The results indicate that the deformation texture components Cu, Bs and S, which were also present in the starting materials, strengthen with increase in amount of deformation. On the other hand, recrystallization texture components Goss and Cube weaken. The Bs component is stronger in the deformation texture. This is attributed to the shear banding. In-service applications indicate that the as-processed AFNOR7020 alloy fails more frequently compared to the other high strength Al alloys used in the aerospace industry. Detailed study of deformation texture revealed that strong Brass (Bs) component could be associated to shear banding, which in turn could explain the frequent failures in AFNOR7020 alloy. The alloying elements in this alloy that could possibly influence the stacking fault energy of the material could be accounted for the strong Bs component in the texture.

Pulverized-coal combustion in Wall-Protecting-Jets combustor (WPJC)

A new type of pulverized-coal combustor, called "Wall-Protecting-Jets Combustor" (hereafter, WPJC has been proposed, designed and studied with both CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and experimental methods. The WPJC is based on a novel concept in which all inlet jets are along the combustor wall. Pilot combustion experiments were conducted to investigate the combustion performance of WPJC. Two-phase flows and pulverized-coal combustion were simulated to study the mechanism of),WPJC using the commercial software FLUENT. The results show that the WPJC has many remarkable advantages: wall-protection by the cold jets without the use of refractory materials; low-temperature and three-stage combustion with low NOx emission; negligible ash/slag-deposition; multiple functions with convenient switching between them; effective adjustment of the combustion intensity and the ignition position.

外流干扰对气动塞式喷管性能影响的数值模拟研究

首先对气动塞式喷管内外流干扰的机理进行了分析，在此基础上对外流干扰对气动塞式喷管性能的影响进行了数值模拟研究。数值方法采用NND格式求解二维N-S方程，对于不同的背压和来流马赫数条件进行了大量的数值实验。通过计算揭示了不同外流条件下气动塞式喷管的流动特征以及外流干扰对喷管性能的影响规律。

Determinación del tamaño mínimo de muestras de café para análisis nematológico

Con el objetivo de lograr un tamaño adecuado de muestras, que con cierto grado de precisión nos permita hacer una estimación de la densidad de nematodos, se realizó un muestreo en las fincas, La Breña, ubicada en Jinotepe, María Auxiliadora y El Porvenir, ubicadas en San Marcos (IV región de Nicaragua). El objetivo principal del estudio fue determinar en el cultivo del café un tamaño mínimo de muestras para análisis hematológico que permita obtener mayor precisión en la estimación de sus densidades y a la vez resulte menos costos para el productor en la toma de decisiones para el manejo de nematodos en plantaciones de café establecidas. En cada finca se seleccionó una hectárea tomando 25 plantas al azar, en cada planta se muestrearon 4 sitios y en cada sitio se muestrearon 2 profundidades (15 y 30 cm), totalizando 8 muestras por planta. Los géneros estudiados son: Meloídogyne sp, Pratylencbus sp y Rotylencbulus sp. Los resultados muestran que la situación actual de la población de nematodos se encuentra agregada en las fincas, María Auxiliadora y El Porvenir y uniforme en el caso de la Breña. Se determinó que aceptando un 20% de error se hace necesario muestrear 10 plantas (100 grs de raíz), dos sitios por planta, a una profundidad de 15 cms y las muestras se deben tomar a 15 cm de la base del tallo.

Determinación del período crítico de competencia de malezas en el cultivo del ajonjolí (Sesamun indicum L.) variedad Cuyumaqui

El presente trabajo se planificó con la finalidad de determinar el período critico de competencia de malezas sobre el rendimiento del cultivo del ajonjolí (Sesamum indicum L.) variedad Cuyumaqui. para lo cual se incluyeron tratamientos enmalezados hasta, y limpios hasta (15, 30, 45, 60, 75 y 100 días después de la germinación respectivamente) bajo las condiciones ecológicas de la finca La Concepción, Nagarote León. El ensayo se estableció en la siembra de postrera de 1999 (2 de septiembre al 12 de diciembre). utilizándose un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. El resultado estadístico realizado a la variable de rendimiento mostró diferencias significativas entre tratamientos, alcanzándose los mayores rendimientos en los tratamientos T10 (limpio hasta los 60 dds el tiempo limpio) con 1 121.3 kg./ha, T11 (limpio hasta los 75 dds) con 1 124.2 y el T12 (todo el tiempo limpio) con 1 131.3 kg./ha de grano respectivamente y sin diferencias estadísticas entre los mismos, y los rendimientos más bajos se alcanzaron en el T6 (enmalezado los 100 días) con 388.8 kg/ha y T7 (1impio hasta los 15 días) con 435.1 kglha . Así mismo, se llegó a la conclusión de que el período crítico de competencia de maleza para el cultivo del ajonjolí (variedad Cuyumaqui) se ubica a partir de los 15 hasta los 60 días después de la siembra.

El entierro de Montesquieu

En 1985, Alfonso Guerra, entonces vicepresidente del gobierno español encabezado por Felipe González, pronunció una frase destinada a hacerse famosa: “Montesquieu ha muerto”. Fue vertida cuando el partido socialista (PSOE) aprovechó la mayoría parlamentaria recién alcanzada para reformar la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial. De acuerdo con esa reforma, los vocales del Consejo General del Poder Judicial (equivalente a nuestro Consejo de la Magistratura) debían en adelante ser elegidos por el parlamento y no, como hasta entonces, mayoritariamente por los mismos jueces, fórmula a la que se tachaba de “corporativista”2. Los críticos advirtieron allí un intento de manejar los tres órganos clásicos del Estado para un proyecto de gobierno a largo plazo. Nada mejor, para eso, que enterrar de una buena vez por todas al viejo y quizás molesto señor de la Brède y barón de Montesquieu. Como buen político, Guerra, en sus memorias3, negó haber pronunciado literalmente aquella fórmula, aduciendo haber sido sus declaraciones tomadas fuera de contexto, etc...

Case Study: Influence Of Morphological Changes On Flooding In Jingjiang River

The middle reach of the Yangtze River, customarily called the Jingjiang River, together with its diversion channels and Dongting Lake, form a large complicated drainage system. In the last five decades, significant geomorphological changes have occurred in the drainage system, including the shrinkage of diversion channels, contraction of Dongting Lake, changes in the rating curve at the Luoshan station, and cutoffs of the lower Jingjiang River. These changes are believed to be the cause of the occurrence of abnormal floods in the Jingjiang River. Qualitative analyses suggest that the first three factors aggravate the flood situation in the lower Jingjiang River, while the last factor seems beneficial for flood prevention. To quantitatively evaluate these conclusions, a finite-volume numerical model was constructed. A series of numerical simulations were carried out to test the individual and combined effects of the aforementioned four factors, and these simulations showed that high flood stages in the Jingjiang River clearly are related to the geomorphological changes.

Observações preliminares sobre a proposta orçamentária para 2010 : tópicos econômico-fiscais

Consultoria de Orçamento e Fiscalização Financeira - Núcleo de Assuntos Econômico-Fiscais.

Dietary vitamin E inhibits the trans 10-18:1 shift in beef backfat

[EN]Forty feedlot steers were fed a barleygrain-based finishing diet typical for western Canada, with two levels of supplementary vitamin E (468 or 1068 IU head_1 d_1) and the effect on backfat trans-18:1 isomeric profile was determined. Feeding 1068 IU vitamin E reduced the total trans-18:1 content in backfat (P<0.01), as well as the percentage of trans 10-18:1 (P<0.001), which are related to an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, trans 11-18:1 (vaccenic acid) the precursor for cis 9,trans 11- 18:2 (rumenic acid), which have several purported health benefits, increased (P<0.01). Vitamin E could, therefore, be used to decrease trans-18:1 in beef and improve its isomeric profile.

Ictiólogos de la Argentina: Luciano Honorio Valette.

Spanish: En esta serie se mencionan a todos aquellos que, a través de sus pequeños o grandes aportes, contribuyeron a la consolidación de la disciplina en nuestro país. El plan general de esta contribución consiste en la elaboración de fichas individuales que contengan una lista de trabajos de los diferentes autores, acompañadas por bibliografía de referencia y, cuando ello fuera posible, por imágenes personales y material adicional. Se tratará de guardar un orden cronológico, pero esto no es excluyente, ya que priorizaremos las sucesivas ediciones al material disponible. Este es otro camino para rescatar y revalorizar a quienes en diversos contextos históricos sentaron las bases de lo que hoy es la ictiología nacional. Considero que este es el comienzo de una obra de mayor magnitud en la que se logre describir una parte importante de la historia de las ciencias naturales de la República Argentina. English:This series will include all those people who, by means of their contributions, great and small, played a part in the consolidation of ichthyology in Argentina. The general plan of this work consists of individual factsheets containing a list of works by each author, along with reference bibliography and, whenever possible, personal pictures and additional material. The datasheets will be published primarily in chronological order, although this is subject to change by the availability of materials for successive editions. This work represents another approach for the recovery and revalorization of those who set the foundations of Argentine ichthyology while in diverse historical circumstances. I expect this to be the beginning of a major work that achieves the description of such a significant part of the history of natural sciences in Argentina. Hugo L. López (Texto en espanol. PDF tiene 26 paginas.)

Marketable fish production: seasonal ponds

(4 pp.)

O Federalista

Coletânea de artigos, a maior parte deles, cinquenta e um, escritos por Alexander Hamilton, quatorze, por James Madison, cinco, por John Jay, e outros doze compostos por Hamilton e Madison. Foram primeiramente publicados em um jornal de Nova York. Em 1787, foi publicada em livro. No Brasil, a primeira edição em português é de 1840.