Correcci�� postural esportiva utilitzant un sensor Kinect

Aquest projecte s���emmarca dins de l�����mbit de la visi�� per computador, concretament en la utilitzaci�� de dades de profunditat obtingudes a trav��s d���un emissor i sensor de llum infraroja.El prop��sit principal d���aquest projecte ��s mostrar com adaptar aquestes tecnologies, a l���abast de qualsevol particular, de forma que un usuari durant la pr��ctica d���una activitat esportiva concreta, rebi informaci�� visual continua dels moviments i gestos incorrectes que est�� realitzant, en base a uns par��metres pr��viament establerts.L���objectiu d���aquest projecte consisteix en fer una lectura constant en temps real d���una persona practicant una selecci�� de diverses activitats esportives est��tiques utilitzant un sensor Kinect. A trav��s de les dades obtingudes pel sensor Kinect i utilitzant les llibreries de ���skeleton traking��� proporcionades per Microsoft s���haur�� d���interpretar les dades posturals obtingudes per cada tipus d���esport i indicar visualment i d���una manera intu��tiva els errors que est�� cometent en temps real, de manera que es vegi clarament a quina part del seu cos realitza un moviment incorrecte per tal de poder corregir-lo r��pidament. El entorn de desenvolupament que s���utilitza per desenvolupar aquesta aplicaci�� es Microsoft Viusal Studio 2010.El llenguatge amb el qual es treballar�� sobre Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 ��s C#

Naval, C.: Teor��a de la Educaci��n. Un an��lisis epistemol��gico

Ressenya de: Concepci��n Naval. Teor��a de la Educaci��n. Un an��lisis epistemol��gico. Colecci��n Astrolabio Educaci��n. EUNSA, Bara����in-Navarra, 2008, 216 p��gs.

Comunicaci��n Terap��utica : Requisitos fundamentales para acompa��ar emocionalmente al paciente paliativo y su familia.

La comunicaci��n entre los enfermeros y los pacientes oncol��gicos es fundamental en la construcci��n de la relaci��n profesional y terap��utica y esencial para administrar unos cuidados realmente enfocados en la persona como ser hol��stico y no como entidad patol��gica. Diferentes estudios han demostrado la influencia positiva de la comunicaci��n en la satisfacci��n del paciente e incluso se ha encontrado relaci��n entre una comunicaci��n efectiva y una mayor adherencia al tratamiento, mejor control del dolor y estado psicol��gico. La comunicaci��n, como herramienta para establecer una relaci��n terap��utica eficaz, a su vez b��sica para el cuidado de cualquier paciente, es entonces ���la herramienta��� y prerrequisito indispensable para cuidar estos pacientes desde una perspectiva hol��stica. Pese a la centralidad en el cuidado enfermero, la comunicaci��n no se emplea en modo correcto en muchos casos. Objetivos: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo individuar las principales habilidades (skills) para lograr una comunicaci��n terap��utica eficaz y c��mo emplearlas en la construcci��n y mantenimiento de la relaci��n terap��utica con el paciente y su familia. M��todo: b��squeda bibliogr��fica con las siguientes palabras clave: comunicaci��n, paliativos, enfermer��a. Se han incluido en la revisi��n 27 art��culos de 17 revistas distintas. Resultados: Las habilidades y factores encontrados en la literatura han sido clasificados en: a. barreras a la comunicaci��n terap��utica b. condiciones y habilidades facilitadoras de la comunicaci��nvi c. habilidades de relaci��n d. habilidades para solicitar informaci��n e. estrategias y modelos de comunicaci��n Conclusiones: La comunicaci��n es la herramienta principal del cuidado enfermero en cuidados paliativos, difiere de la comunicaci��n social y tiene como objetivo aumentar la calidad de vida del paciente. La habilidad en comunicaci��n no es un don innato sino que es el resultado de un proceso de aprendizaje continuo. Entre las habilidades m��s citadas y efectivas hay que recordar la escucha activa (entendida como conjunto de t��cnicas), el tacto terap��utico, el contacto visual, la empat��a y la importancia fundamental de la comunicaci��n no verbal. El modelo de comunicaci��n COMFORT es el ��nico centrado en el paciente y a la vez en su familia. Palabras clave: Habilidades comunicaci��n, paliativos, enfermer��a

L���art visual en els moviments pedag��gics del segle XX: la concreci�� de l���educaci�� art��stica en els llibres escolars

Les tradicions escolars d���educaci�� art��stica s���han constru��t des de la transmissi�� oral i escrita de projectes i programes. Tanmateix, la concreci�� de les propostes legislatives, ideacionals i te��riques s���ha expressat, fonamentalment, a trav��s dels documents. Tant ��s aix�� que, per exemple, la cultura escolar a l���entorn de l���educaci�� art��stica s���ha anat conformant des dels projectes codificats en els llibres per a mestres i per a infants. Per aquest motiu en aquest article es proposa una aproximaci�� a aquests llibres a fi de con��ixer quines s��n les caracter��stiques dels discursos de l���aprenentatge art��stic que s���han consolidat al llarg del segle XX en el nostre entorn; aproximaci�� que s���assaja a partir d���encreuar les petjades que han deixat els llibres escolars amb la seva imbricaci�� o, fins i tot, negaci�� amb les tend��ncies de la pedagogia contempor��nia.

La memoria visual de la escuela

El art��culo versa sobre la memoria visual de la escuela incidiendo tanto en las motivaciones que orientan la producci��n de im��genes como sobre el acercamiento a ellas que hoy podemos realizar. Parte as�� del an��lisis de los motivos de producci��n de im��genes seg��n los per��odos de la evoluci��n escolar, prosigue una rese��a de las distintas posibilidades de formaci��n de memoria a trav��s de las representaciones gr��ficas de la escuela y, finalmente, se plantean las principales caracter��sticas as�� como retos del tratamiento museol��gico y museogr��fico de la imagen escolar. El objetivo del art��culo es, por lo tanto, realizar una aproximaci��n a las im��genes concibi��ndolas como bienes gr��ficos que requieren un avance en las formas de conservaci��n, difusi��n e investigaci��n que est��n desarrollando los centros de gesti��n del patrimonio educativo.

Ancient DNA analysis of 8000 B.C. near eastern farmers supports an early neolithic pioneer maritime colonization of Mainland Europe through Cyprus and the Aegean Islands

The genetic impact associated to the Neolithic spread in Europe has been widely debated over the last 20 years. Within this context, ancient DNA studies have provided a more reliable picture by directly analyzing the protagonist populations at different regions in Europe. However, the lack of available data from the original Near Eastern farmers has limited the achieved conclusions, preventing the formulation of continental models of Neolithic expansion. Here we address this issue by presenting mitochondrial DNA data of the original Near-Eastern Neolithic communities with the aim of providing the adequate background for the interpretation of Neolithic genetic data from European samples. Sixty-three skeletons from the Pre Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) sites of Tell Halula, Tell Ramad and Dja'de El Mughara dating between 8,700-6,600 cal. B.C. were analyzed, and 15 validated mitochondrial DNA profiles were recovered. In order to estimate the demographic contribution of the first farmers to both Central European and Western Mediterranean Neolithic cultures, haplotype and haplogroup diversities in the PPNB sample were compared using phylogeographic and population genetic analyses to available ancient DNA data from human remains belonging to the Linearbandkeramik-Alf��ldi Vonaldiszes Ker��mia and Cardial/Epicardial cultures. We also searched for possible signatures of the original Neolithic expansion over the modern Near Eastern and South European genetic pools, and tried to infer possible routes of expansion by comparing the obtained results to a database of 60 modern populations from both regions. Comparisons performed among the 3 ancient datasets allowed us to identify K and N-derived mitochondrial DNA haplogroups as potential markers of the Neolithic expansion, whose genetic signature would have reached both the Iberian coasts and the Central European plain. Moreover, the observed genetic affinities between the PPNB samples and the modern populations of Cyprus and Crete seem to suggest that the Neolithic was first introduced into Europe through pioneer seafaring colonization.

Barrier-protective effects of activated protein C in human alveolar epithelial cells

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinical manifestation of respiratory failure, caused by lung inflammation and the disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier. Preservation of the physical integrity of the alveolar epithelial monolayer is of critical importance to prevent alveolar edema. Barrier integrity depends largely on the balance between physical forces on cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts, and this balance might be affected by alterations in the coagulation cascade in patients with ALI. We aimed to study the effects of activated protein C (APC) on mechanical tension and barrier integrity in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) exposed to thrombin. Cells were pretreated for 3 h with APC (50 mg/ml) or vehicle (control). Subsequently, thrombin (50 nM) or medium was added to the cell culture. APC significantly reduced thrombin-induced cell monolayer permeability, cell stiffening, and cell contraction, measured by electrical impedance, optical magnetic twisting cytometry, and traction microscopy, respectively, suggesting a barrier-protective response. The dynamics of the barrier integrity was also assessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis of the tight junction ZO-1. Thrombin resulted in more elongated ZO-1 aggregates at cell-cell interface areas and induced an increase in ZO-1 membrane protein content. APC attenuated the length of these ZO-1 aggregates and reduced the ZO-1 membrane protein levels induced by thrombin. In conclusion, pretreatment with APC reduced the disruption of barrier integrity induced by thrombin, thus contributing to alveolar epithelial barrier protection.

Purinergic receptors in ocular inflammation

Inflammation is a complex process that implies the interaction between cells and molecular mediators, which, when not properly 'tuned,' can lead to disease. When inflammation affects the eye, it can produce severe disorders affecting the superficial and internal parts of the visual organ. The nucleoside adenosine and nucleotides including adenine mononucleotides like ADP and ATP and dinucleotides such as P(1),P(4)-diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), and P(1),P(5)-diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap5A) are present in different ocular locations and therefore they may contribute/modulate inflammatory processes. Adenosine receptors, in particular A2A adenosine receptors, present anti-inflammatory action in acute and chronic retinal inflammation. Regarding the A3 receptor, selective agonists like N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine (CF101) have been used for the treatment of inflammatory ophthalmic diseases such as dry eye and uveoretinitis. Sideways, diverse stimuli (sensory stimulation, large intraocular pressure increases) can produce a release of ATP from ocular sensory innervation or after injury to ocular tissues. Then, ATP will activate purinergic P2 receptors present in sensory nerve endings, the iris, the ciliary body, or other tissues surrounding the anterior chamber of the eye to produce uveitis/endophthalmitis. In summary, adenosine and nucleotides can activate receptors in ocular structures susceptible to suffer from inflammatory processes. This involvement suggests the possible use of purinergic agonists and antagonists as therapeutic targets for ocular inflammation.

Concerted changes in N and C primary metabolism in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) under water restriction

Although the mechanisms of nodule N2 fixation in legumes are now well documented, some uncertainty remains on the metabolic consequences of water deficit. In most cases, little consideration is given to other organs and, therefore, the coordinated changes in metabolism in leaves, roots, and nodules are not well known. Here, the effect of water restriction on exclusively N2-fixing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants was investigated, and proteomic, metabolomic, and physiological analyses were carried out. It is shown that the inhibition of nitrogenase activity caused by water restriction was accompanied by concerted alterations in metabolic pathways in nodules, leaves, and roots. The data suggest that nodule metabolism and metabolic exchange between plant organs nearly reached homeostasis in asparagine synthesis and partitioning, as well as the N demand from leaves. Typically, there was (i) a stimulation of the anaplerotic pathway to sustain the provision of C skeletons for amino acid (e.g. glutamate and proline) synthesis; (ii) re-allocation of glycolytic products to alanine and serine/glycine; and (iii) subtle changes in redox metabolites suggesting the implication of a slight oxidative stress. Furthermore, water restriction caused little change in both photosynthetic efficiency and respiratory cost of N2 fixation by nodules. In other words, the results suggest that under water stress, nodule metabolism follows a compromise between physiological imperatives (N demand, oxidative stress) and the lower input to sustain catabolism.

Semantic domain and grammatical class effects in the picture-word interference paradigm

The role of grammatical class in lexical access and representation is still not well understood. Grammatical effects obtained in picture-word interference experiments have been argued to show the operation of grammatical constraints during lexicalization when syntactic integration is required by the task. Alternative views hold that the ostensibly grammatical effects actually derive from the coincidence of semantic and grammatical differences between lexical candidates. We present three picture-word interference experiments conducted in Spanish. In the first two, the semantic relatedness (related or unrelated) and the grammatical class (nouns or verbs) of the target and the distracter were manipulated in an infinitive form action naming task in order to disentangle their contributions to verb lexical access. In the third experiment, a possible confound between grammatical class and semantic domain (objects or actions) was eliminated by using action-nouns as distracters. A condition in which participants were asked to name the action pictures using an inflected form of the verb was also included to explore whether the need of syntactic integration modulated the appearance of grammatical effects. Whereas action-words (nouns or verbs), but not object-nouns, produced longer reaction times irrespective of their grammatical class in the infinitive condition, only verbs slowed latencies in the inflected form condition. Our results suggest that speech production relies on the exclusion of candidate responses that do not fulfil task-pertinent criteria like membership in the appropriate semantic domain or grammatical class. Taken together, these findings are explained by a response-exclusion account of speech output. This and alternative hypotheses are discussed.

The relationship between virtual body ownership and temperature sensitivity.

In the rubber hand illusion tactile stimulation seen on a rubber hand, that is synchronous with tactile stimulation felt on the hidden real hand, can lead to an illusion of ownership over the rubber hand. This illusion has been shown to produce a temperature decrease in the hidden hand, suggesting that such illusory ownership produces disownership of the real hand. Here we apply immersive virtual reality (VR) to experimentally investigate this with respect to sensitivity to temperature change. Forty participants experienced immersion in a VR with a virtual body (VB) seen from a first person perspective. For half the participants the VB was consistent in posture and movement with their own body, and in the other half there was inconsistency. Temperature sensitivity on the palm of the hand was measured before and during the virtual experience. The results show that temperature sensitivity decreased in the consistent compared to the inconsistent condition. Moreover, the change in sensitivity was significantly correlated with the subjective illusion of virtual arm ownership but modulated by the illusion of ownership over the full virtual body. This suggests that a full body ownership illusion results in a unification of the virtual and real bodies into one overall entity - with proprioception and tactile sensations on the real body integrated with the visual presence of the virtual body. The results are interpreted in the framework of a"body matrix" recently introduced into the literature.

Synthesis of a tetrahydroimidazo-[2',1':2,3]thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine derivative with Met inhibitory activity

A straightforward synthesis of the Met antagonist JLK1360 involving an alkylationcyclocondensation process using aminothiazole 1 and nitrophenacyl bromide 2, reduction of the nitro group, and coupling of the resulting tetracyclic aniline 5 with an appropriate N-acyl alanine derivative, is reported.

Synthesis of a tetrahydroimidazo-[2',1':2,3]thiazolo[5,4-c]pyridine derivative with Met inhibitory activity

A straightforward synthesis of the Met antagonist JLK1360 involving an alkylationcyclocondensation process using aminothiazole 1 and nitrophenacyl bromide 2, reduction of the nitro group, and coupling of the resulting tetracyclic aniline 5 with an appropriate N-acyl alanine derivative, is reported.

Variante de las carreteras C-252 del PK 11+000 al 12+000 y C-31 del PK 356+000 al 358+000 a su paso por Verges (Girona)

El presente proyecto final de carrera tiene como objetivo justificar la necesidad de realizaci��nde una variante de las carreteras C-252 del PK 11+000 al 12+000 y C-31 del PK 356+000 al358+000 a su paso por Verges, realizar un estudio de alternativas y, finalmente, desarrollar lasoluci��n escogida a nivel de proyecto constructivo.