997 resultados para University of Michigan--Students--Social life and customs--1911-1920
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Since the turbulence of 1989, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have striven to "return to Europe". Agreements have been signed with ten post-communist countries, beginning in 1991 with Czechoslovakia (before its division), Hungary and Poland. Since that time several countries have expressed a desire to become members of the EU. In 1997 the European Commission announced its opinion on the applications for EU membership of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and seven other applicant countries. The Commission recommended the commencement of negotiations on accession with the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia. Mr. Kucia's report, presented in the form of a series of manuscripts totalling 91 pages, written in English and Polish and including many pages of tables and graphs, presents the results of a study of public opinion on European integration in four countries of Central Europe (CE): the Czech Republic (CZ), Hungary (H), Poland (PL), and Slovakia (SK). The research results are primarily based on a public-opinion survey known as the Central and Eastern Eurobarometer (CEEB). CEEB has been conducted on behalf of the European Commission in the Central and Eastern European countries each year in autumn since 1990. Below is a very small selection of Mr. Kucia's research findings. Throughout the 90s people in the four countries increasingly saw their countries' future tied up with the EU, since economic and political connections to the EU were growing and prospects for EU membership were increasing. Regional co-operation within CE did not gain much popular recognition. However, initially high levels of enthusiasm for the EU were gradually superseded by a more realistic approach or even scepticism. Poland was the exception in this respect; its population was more positive about the EU in 1996 than ever before. Mr. Kucia concludes that, since the political "elites" in CE are more positive about the EU than the people they serve, they should do their best to bring people round to their beliefs, lest the project of European integration become purely the business of the elites, as Mr. Kucia claims it has been in the EU up till now. He accuses the governments of the region, the EU authorities and the media of failing to provide appropriate information, especially about the two subjects which most affect them, association with the EU and the PHARE assistance programme. Respondents were asked to rank in order the countries or regions they saw their country's future most closely tied up with. In the period 92-96 the EU received the highest ratings in all of CE. The ratings were highest in CZ in 92 and 93 (46%) and in Poland in 96 (46%). They were the lowest in Hungary (22% in 94). After the EU came "Other Western European countries (non EU)", that is Austria, Sweden and Finland (before they joined the EU in 1995), Switzerland and Norway. Mr. Kucia puts the high ratings of these countries down to historical connections and geographical proximity, particularly in the case of Austria. The USA always came second in Poland, and in Hungary too its standing has always been higher than in CZ or SK. Indeed Mr. Kucia suggests that the USA's standing is disproportionately low in especially the CZ. Germany was nominated frequently by Hungarians, though in the CZ and SK, figures have been consistently low (1-2%). "Other CE/EE countries" increased their ratings in all of CE except Poland between 92 and 96. With regard to these last figures, Mr. Kucia makes an interesting note. Assuming that for the respondents in the four countries this category covered the Visegrad 4, least support was found in Poland, whose government was the most in favour of close political co-operation within the V4, while most support was in evidence in CZ and SK, for whose governments V4 was simply not a priority. Again, there is evidence of a divide between the political elites and the people. Russia has occupied a consistently modest rank. It was the highest in PL, fairly low in H and SK and the lowest in CZ. The Slovak government's policy of closer ties with Russia is reflected in a growth in the figures from 2% in 93 to 6% in 95. Every year the spontaneous answer "we should depend on ourselves" appeared, which Mr. Kucia interprets as either a sign of isolationism and disillusionment or as a call for self-reliance. Unfortunately he regards both these tendencies as unfeasible in the uniting Europe. Moving to more general conclusions, Mr. Kucia finds that the concept "Central Europe" does not have much meaning for Central Europeans. He believes that this is probably due to the failure to establish a viable regional co-operation network. Group discussions also revealed that people thought themselves European as a consequence of being Czech or Polish etc. Thus European identity is based on national identities. Generally within the surveyed period, the numbers of those who said they often think themselves European decreased, while the numbers of those who said they never think themselves European increased from 41% in PL, 36% in CZ, and 30% in H in 1990, to 67% in CZ, 58% in PL, and 51% in H in 1995.
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Isidore Singer, projector and managing ed.
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https://bluetigercommons.lincolnu.edu/lgaines_sec2/1015/thumbnail.jpg
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v.10:no.13(1952)
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Includes index.
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Back Row (standing): Edward DePont, Charles F. Rittenger, mngr. Royal T. Farrand, Harry Mowrey, Edward D. Wickes, Albert W. Jefferis, Virgil Tupper, Paul Woodworth, Hiram Powers, William W. Pearson
2nd row (seated): Ralph W. Hayes, capt. James Van Inwagen, Charles Thomas, Willard W. Griffin
Front Row: George Dygert, Frank Crawford, Lawrence Grosh, Roger Sherman, Charles Southworth
(Unidentified or not pictured: Berry, James E. Duffy)
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Back Row: Dick Lindenfeld, Frank Gusich, Robert Rosema, Mike Smith, William Ross, Dennis Connell, Scott Hulke, Tom Alexander, ?, Jim Schmitz
8th Row: Ed Woolley, Tom Huiskens, Paul Seymour, Reggie McKenzie, Donald Shaw, Jim Brandstatter, Mike Oldham, Fred Grambau, Tom Beckman
7th Row: Guy Murdock, Fritz Seyferth, Bruce Elliott, Allen Carpenter, Mike Keller, Dave Zuccarelli, Dana Coin, Preston Henry, George Mans
6th Row: Michael Taylor, Tom Darden, Tom Nieman, John Wolff, Gerald Dutcher, Ed Baldwin, Glen Doughty, William Taylor, Louie Lee*
5th Row: Bill Berutti, Thomas Takach, Lance Scheffler, Dick McCoy, Pete Newell, Dan Parks, Bill Harris, Greg Harrison, Jim Young*
4th Row: George Zuganelis, Paul Staroba, Jim Betts, Jack Harpring, Marty Huff, Ed Moore, Don Moorehead,Tim Killian, Frank Maloney*,
3rd Row: Henry Hill, Robert Ritley, Joe Lukz, Timothy Wadhams, Richard Brown, Eric Federico, Mark Werner, Dan Dierdorf, Robert White, Chuck Stobart*
2nd Row: Jerry Hanlon*, Dick Hunter*, Gary Moeller*, Larry Smith* Morris Abrahams, Jerry Imsland, Joe Jones, Barry Pierson, Richard Caldarazzo, Al Francis, Peter Sarantos, Werner Hall, Mike Hankwitz, coach Bo Schembechler
Front Row: Phil Seymour, Frank Titas, Bob Baumgartner, Tom Curtis, captain Jim Mandich, Brian Healey, John Gabler, Garvie Craw, Cecil Pryor
* = assistant coaches
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Back Row: Trainer Mike Willie, Assistant coaches Frank Maloney, Jerry Hanlon, George Mans, Tirrel Burton, Gary Moeller, Dick Hunter, Chuck Stobart, Jim Young, Larry Smith, Manager Neil Hiller, Head Trainer Lindsy McLean
5th Row: Tom Ferchau, John Pighee, Greg Ellis, Bob Mogulich, Tony Smith, Tom Poplawski, Mark Duffy, Bill Moran, Bill Haslett, Don Eaton, Carroll Damron, Bob Swan, Coach Bo Schembechler
4th Row: Bill Ross, Gary Coakley, Bob Rosema, Mike Smith, John Cilluffo, Randy Logan, Tom Kee, Bill Hart, Tom Coyle, Jack McBride, Jerry Schumacher, Jim Coode, Bo Rather, John Daniels
3rd Row: Frank Gusich, Bruce Elliott, Butch Carpenter, Tom Beckman, Mike Oldham, Reggie McKenzie, Fritz Seyferth, Dana Coin, Tom Huiskens, Jim Brandstatter, Dave Zuccarelli, Preston Henry, Paul Seymour, Scott Hulke
2nd Row: Greg Harrison, Bill Berutti, Ed Baldwin, Tom Nieman, Lance Scheffler, Jerry Dutcher, Fred Grambau, Tom Darden, Glenn Doughty, Guy Murdock, Mike Keller, Bill Taylor, Mike Taylor, John Wolff
Front Row: Marty Huff, Pete Newell, Ed Moore, Dan Dierdorf, Tim Killian, Jack Harpring, Co-captain Henry Hill, Co-captain Don Moorhead, Paul Staroba, Werner Hall, Dick McCoy, Bill Harris, Phil Seymour, Jim Betts.
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Back Row: Jim Young, Ron Sydlowski, Dave Brandon, John Thomas, Jon Cederberg, Jovan Vercel, Jon Cherry, Lonnie Taylor, Mike Holmes, Howard Staveran, Jim Lyall, Jim Johnston, Chuck Stobart
7th Row: Art Fediuk, Walt Sexton, Kevin Masterson, Bill Moran, Gary Hainrihar, Walt Williamson, Jim Armour, Barry Dotzauer, Don Warner, Larry Johnson
6th Row: Gary Moeller, Larry Gustafson, Harry Banks, Dave Elliott, Tom Drake, Don Coleman, Paul Seal, Greg Koss, Doug Trozak, Clint Haslerig, Craig Mutch, Larry Smith
5th Row: Curtis Tucker, Geoff Steger, Mike Hoban, Mark Duffy, Dave Gallagher, Ed Shuttlesworth, Bob Thornbladh, Al West, Tom Slade, Kevin Casey, George Mans
4th Row: Jerry Hanlon, John Pighee John Middlebrook, Jim Coode, Randy Logan, Gary Coakley, Larry Cipa, Jack McBride, Tom Poplawski, Tony Smith, Alan Walker, manager Chuck Quebbeman
3rd Row: Don Eaton, Bob Rosema, Scott Hulke, Tom Kee, Bill Hart, Jerry Schumacher, Tom Coyle, David (Bo) Rather, Greg Ellis, Clint Spearman
2nd Row: Dick Hunter, Fred Grambau, Reggie McKenzie, Tom Beckman, Fritz Seyferth, Mike Taylor, Alden Carpenter, Jim Brandstatter, Mike Keller, Paul Seymour, coach Bo Schembechler
Front Row: Guy Murdock, Glen Doughty, Tom Darden, Dana Coin, Bill Taylor, Bruce Elliott, Frank Gusich, Mike Oldham, Dave Zuccharelli