Exposure to automotive pollution increases plasma susceptibility to oxidation

Low-density lipoprotein oxidation is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Plasma susceptibility to oxidation may be used as a marker of low-density lipoprotein oxidation and thus predict atherosclerotic risk. In this study the authors investigated the relationship between plasma susceptibility to oxidation and exposure to automotive pollution in a group of automobile mechanics (n = 16) exposed to high levels of automotive pollution, vs. matched controls (n = 13). The authors induced plasma oxidation by a free radical initiator and they determined susceptibility to oxidation by (1) change in absorbance at 234 nm, (2) lag time to conjugated diene formation, and (3) linear slope of the oxidation curve. Mechanics had significantly higher values (mean standard error) for change in absorbance (1.60 +/- 0.05 vs. 1.36 +/- 0.05; p < .002), and slope (1.6 x 10(-3) +/- 0.1 x 10(-3) vs. 1.3 x 10(-3) +/- 0.1 x 10(-3); p < .001), compared with controls. These results indicate that regular exposure to automotive pollutants increases plasma susceptibility to oxidation and may, in the long term, increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis.

Farm exposures, parental occupation, and risk of Ewing's sarcoma in Australia: a national case-control study

Objective: It has been suggested that parental occupation, particularly farming, increased the risk of Ewing's sarcoma in the offspring. In a national case-control study we examined the relationship between farm and other parental occupational exposures and the risk of cancer in the offspring. Methods: Cases were 106 persons with confirmed Ewing's sarcoma or peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Population-based controls (344) were selected randomly via telephone. Information was collected by interview (84% face-to-face). Results: We found an excess of case mothers who worked on farms at conception and/or pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5-12.0) and a slightly smaller excess of farming fathers; more case mothers usually worked as laborers, machine operators, or drivers (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 0.9-3.9). Risk doubled for those whose mothers handled pesticides and insecticides, or fathers who handled solvents and glues, and oils and greases. Further, more cases lived on farms (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 0.9-2.8). In the 0-20 years group, the risk doubled for those who ever lived on a farm (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-3.9), and more than tripled for those with farming fathers at conception and/or pregnancy (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.0-11.9). Conclusions: Our data support the general hypothesis of an association of Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors with farming, particularly at younger ages, who represent the bulk of cases, and are more likely to share etiologic factors.

Tool support for testing concurrent Java components

Concurrent programs are hard to test due to the inherent nondeterminism. This paper presents a method and tool support for testing concurrent Java components. Too[ support is offered through ConAn (Concurrency Analyser), a too] for generating drivers for unit testing Java classes that are used in a multithreaded context. To obtain adequate controllability over the interactions between Java threads, the generated driver contains threads that are synchronized by a clock. The driver automatically executes the calls in the test sequence in the prescribed order and compares the outputs against the expected outputs specified in the test sequence. The method and tool are illustrated in detail on an asymmetric producer-consumer monitor. Their application to testing over 20 concurrent components, a number of which are sourced from industry and were found to contain faults, is presented and discussed.

API documentation with executable examples

The rise of component-based software development has created an urgent need for effective application program interface (API) documentation. Experience has shown that it is hard to create precise and readable documentation. Prose documentation can provide a good overview but lacks precision. Formal methods offer precision but the resulting documentation is expensive to develop. Worse, few developers have the skill or inclination to read formal documentation. We present a pragmatic solution to the problem of API documentation. We augment the prose documentation with executable test cases, including expected outputs, and use the prose plus the test cases as the documentation. With appropriate tool support, the test cases are easy to develop and read. Such test cases constitute a completely formal, albeit partial, specification of input/output behavior. Equally important, consistency between code and documentation is demonstrated by running the test cases. This approach provides an attractive bridge between formal and informal documentation. We also present a tool that supports compact and readable test cases; and generation of test drivers and documentation, and illustrate the approach with detailed case studies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

Injury related risk behavior - a study of Australian skydivers

Risk taking behaviour has been identified as an important host-related determinant of injury in young adults. The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship between the two key elements of risk taking behaviour - ie, risk assessment and risk acceptance - in participants of a high risk sporting activity. Skydivers registered with the Australian Parachute Federation were sampled at several jump meetings held at three 'drop-zones' in North Eastern Australia. A cross sectional survey of 215 skydivers ascertained each subject's risk assessment of each of nine hypothetical sky diving scenes and whether or not they would jump in the described conditions. Variables which independently predicted an individual's risk assessment were age group (p < 0.05), gender (p < 0.05) and scene details (p < 0.001). Risk assessment was found to be a statistically significant predictor of the decision to jump, with a 22% decrease in the odds of jumping with every unit increase in risk assessment (OR = 0.78: 95% Cl; 0.76, 0.80). Gender was also found to be a statistically significant predictor of the decision to jump, with males being 19% more likely to jump than females, after controlling for age, experience, currency and risk assessment (OR = 1.19: 95% CI; 1.04, 1.38). The importance of these results is that, by quantifying the relationship between two key elements of risk taking behaviour and several important host factor determinants, they facilitate more informed discussion about the possible role of risk taking behaviour in the causation of injury.

Pais adolescentes : vivência e significação

Foram investigadas mudanças ocorridas na vida de pais adolescentes e identificados os significados da paternidade e da maternidade para esses jovens. Oito participantes com idades de 16 a 21 anos foram entrevistados com base em roteiro focalizando: mudanças decorrentes da paternidade; significados da paternidade e da maternidade; práticas parentais. Entre as mudanças referidas destacaram-se a perda de liberdade e a inserção no mercado de trabalho. Para eles ser pai significa, principalmente, trabalhar para prover as necessidades da criança e também educar, dar carinho e atenção. A mãe é aquela que cuida e dá carinho, sacrifica-se e é a figura mais importante na vida da criança. As práticas parentais mais mencionadas estavam relacionadas com lazer e brincadeiras. Os dados indicaram a permanência de forte vínculo com os modelos tradicionais de parentalidade, embora tenham mostrado também a emergência de relações afetivas significativas entre pais e filhos.

A practical framework for the generation and selection of strategic plans of action, The relevance of timeframe considerations and a systems thinking approach

The paper proposes a methodology especially focused on the generation of strategic plans of action, emphasizing the relevance of having a structured timeframe classification for the actions. The methodology explicitly recognizes the relevance of long-term goals as strategic drivers, which must insure that the complex system is capable to effectively respond to changes in the environment. In addition, the methodology employs engineering systems techniques in order to understand the inner working of the system and to build up alternative plans of action. Due to these different aspects, the proposed approach features higher flexibility compared to traditional methods. The validity and effectiveness of the methodology has been demonstrated by analyzing an airline company composed by 5 subsystems with the aim of defining a plan of action for the next 5 years, which can either: improve efficiency, redefine mission or increase revenues.

O Contributo do Balanced Scorecard para a Gestão Estratégica de Custos: Uma Análise Empírica às Grandes Empresas Portuguesas

Hoje em dia, é cada vez mais evidente a necessidade sentida pelas empresas na gestão estratégica do seu desempenho, nomeadamente dos seus custos. Para isso, para além de conhecimentos, habilidades, competências e de uma visão estratégica, tornam-se ainda necessários métodos que apoiem o processo de tomada de decisão. Como tal, de entre as várias técnicas e métodos que têm sido desenvolvidos, a Gestão Estratégica de Custos (GEC) e o Balanced Scorecard (BSC) têm sido considerados pela literatura como o ponto de partida para o aumento das hipóteses de sucesso e de sobrevivência. O BSC possibilita a construção de um conjunto de indicadores estratégicos, distribuídos em perspectivas básicas (financeira, clientes, processos internos e aprendizagem e crescimento), permitindo considerar a crescente importância de aspectos intangíveis frente aos tradicionais aspectos tangíveis. Por sua vez, a GEC através dos seus factores (cadeia de valor, posicionamento estratégico e cost drivers) irá apoiar o processo de tomada de decisões, explicitando os elementos estratégicos fundamentais para o alcance de vantagens competitivas sustentáveis. O forte reconhecimento do BSC no mundo académico e no mundo empresarial, permite-nos classificá-lo como uma das mais poderosas ferramentas de Contabilidade de Gestão Estratégica e, por conseguinte, de GEC. Neste sentido, desenvolvemos um estudo empírico, consubstanciado num questionário, aplicado às 250 maiores empresas portuguesas, com o objectivo de averiguar qual o nível de conhecimento e utilização do BSC em Portugal, bem como sobre a forma como as empresas estão a gerir os seus custos. As principais conclusões retiradas foram que apesar da maioria dos inquiridos conhecer o BSC e de o considerar mais como uma ferramenta de gestão estratégica do que como um sistema de avaliação do desempenho, a sua utilização em Portugal ainda é reduzida e recente. À semelhança do registado em outros países, o BSC em Portugal ainda está numa fase inicial. O estudo revelou também que embora nem todas as empresas integrem o seu sistema de cálculo de custos com o BSC, preocupam-se em gerir estrategicamente os seus custos, classificando o BSC como um pilar fundamental da GEC. Constatamos, ainda, que são essencialmente as empresas pertencentes ao sector secundário que mais utilizam o BSC. Não obstante, ao contrário de outros estudos, não obtivemos evidência empírica sobre a influência de variáveis como a localização geográfica, dimensão e internacionalização na utilização e conhecimento do BSC em Portugal.

Virtual simulation of the postsurgical cosmetic outcome in patientswith pectus excavatum

Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital deformity of the anterior chest wall, in which several ribs and the sternum grow abnormally. Nowadays, the surgical correction is carried out in children and adults through Nuss technic. This technic has been shown to be safe with major drivers as cosmesis and the prevention of psychological problems and social stress. Nowadays, no application is known to predict the cosmetic outcome of the pectus excavatum surgical correction. Such tool could be used to help the surgeon and the patient in the moment of deciding the need for surgery correction. This work is a first step to predict postsurgical outcome in pectus excavatum surgery correction. Facing this goal, it was firstly determined a point cloud of the skin surface along the thoracic wall using Computed Tomography (before surgical correction) and the Polhemus FastSCAN (after the surgical correction). Then, a surface mesh was reconstructed from the two point clouds using a Radial Basis Function algorithm for further affine registration between the meshes. After registration, one studied the surgical correction influence area (SCIA) of the thoracic wall. This SCIA was used to train, test and validate artificial neural networks in order to predict the surgical outcome of pectus excavatum correction and to determine the degree of convergence of SCIA in different patients. Often, ANN did not converge to a satisfactory solution (each patient had its own deformity characteristics), thus invalidating the creation of a mathematical model capable of estimating, with satisfactory results, the postsurgical outcome

A Wireless EEG Acquisition Platform based on Embedded Systems

This paper proposes a wireless EEG acquisition platform based on Open Multimedia Architecture Platform (OMAP) embedded system. A high-impedance active dry electrode was tested for improving the scalp- electrode interface. It was used the sigma-delta ADS1298 analog-to-digital converter, and developed a “kernelspace” character driver to manage the communications between the converter unit and the OMAP’s ARM core. The acquired EEG signal data is processed by a “userspace” application, which accesses the driver’s memory, saves the data to a SD-card and transmits them through a wireless TCP/IP-socket to a PC. The electrodes were tested through the alpha wave replacement phenomenon. The experimental results presented the expected alpha rhythm (8-13 Hz) reactiveness to the eyes opening task. The driver spends about 725 μs to acquire and store the data samples. The application takes about 244 μs to get the data from the driver and 1.4 ms to save it in the SD-card. A WiFi throughput of 12.8Mbps was measured which results in a transmission time of 5 ms for 512 kb of data. The embedded system consumes about 200 mAh when wireless off and 400 mAh when it is on. The system exhibits a reliable performance to record EEG signals and transmit them wirelessly. Besides the microcontroller-based architectures, the proposed platform demonstrates that powerful ARM processors running embedded operating systems can be programmed with real-time constrains at the kernel level in order to control hardware, while maintaining their parallel processing abilities in high level software applications.

Caracterização do modelo de cultura organizacional da Mundotêxtil, o contributo dos diversos Sistemas de Gestão

A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do mestrado em Sistemas Integrados de Gestão (SIG), a apresentar no Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave (IPCA), Barcelos. Tem como objetivos: a caracterização do modelo de cultura organizacional da empresa - Mundotêxtil, antes e depois da implementação dos Sistemas de Gestão e evidenciar em que termos a sua implementação e sua integração influenciou a cultura organizacional da empresa. Servem como fundamentação teórica os conceitos de Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade, Ambiente, Segurança e Inovação; conceitos de cultura organizacional bem como um conjunto de outras fontes relevantes de conhecimento, como sejam os Sistemas Integrados de Gestão (SIG). Foram tidos como principais referenciais normativos e especificações de Sistemas de Gestão: a NP EN ISO 9001:2008 (Gestão da Qualidade); a NP EN ISO 14001:2012 (Gestão Ambiental); a OHSAS 18001:2007/NP 4397:2008 (Gestão da Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho) e a NP 4457:2007 (Gestão da Investigação, Desenvolvimento e Inovação). A estratégia e métodos de investigação tiveram em conta o estudo de caso suportado numa abordagem indutiva em contexto da vivência da investigadora com o objeto e ambiente do estudo. A técnica utilizada de recolha de dados para a obtenção de contributos em vista aos objetivos referenciados foi o inquérito interno por questionário aos colaboradores da Mundotêxtil e posterior análise estatística dos dados. As metodologias qualitativas foram privilegiadas como estratégia de análise. Pretende-se com o presente trabalho de investigação procurar evidenciar a importância que a implementação de Sistemas de Gestão e sua integração representam e podem influenciar, positivamente, o progressivo desenvolvimento sustentado e consolidação da cultura organizacional de uma empresa com consequente criação de valor para as partes interessadas. Por último, pretende-se contribuir com a estruturação das componentes da cultura organizacional da empresa num modelo - o modelo de cultura organizacional da Mundotêxtil o qual suportado no Sistema Integrado de Gestão tem como drivers a Sustentabilidade pela Inovação.

Comportamento e perfil do consumidor de turismo de nichos

Tourism is one of the most important and current drivers of growth in an economy characterized by dynamism, diversity of supply and steady growth. This study aims at researching the behavior and consumer profile in tourism from a marketing perspective. In particular we address the niche tourism in specific contexts. Under an interdisciplinary perspective this work brings together inputs from the areas of marketing, tourism and local development. There will be a reflection on the subject (work in progress) and discussed avenues for future studies.

Destinos turísticos transfronteiriços: uma abordagem ao consumidor

Tourism activities are among the most relevant drivers for economical growth and development in various economies. Every year, competition increases tourist destinations (Farhangmehr & Simões, 1999), making it an increasingly complex and geographically diverse range of activities (Pearce, 1991).Such relevance is reflected in the proliferation of studies in the overall area known as tourism, under various perspectives and backgrounds. Previous studies conducted in such contexts suggest that cross-border regions are an attractive and desirable idea, yet requiring further theoretical and empirical research (Studzieniecki & Mazurek, 2007). The new configuration of many cross-border regions calls for a debate on issues concerning its development, raising up important dimensions, such as, organization and planning of common tourism destinations. In particular, there is still a gap in the understanding of destination management in cross-border regions and the customer profile and motivations. Overall this research aims at attaining a deeper understanding of the profile and behavior of consumers in tourism settings, addressing the predisposition for the destination. To address our question we will take an interdisciplinary perspective bringing together inputs from areas, such as, marketing, tourism and local/regional economics. We developed a theoretical model entailing the following constructs: involvement, place attachment, destination satisfaction and loyalty. We then establish potential the relationships among these variables. We suggest that involvement has a positive and direct effect in the two dimensions of place attachment, as well as indirectly, through the construct of satisfaction. Additionally, satisfaction has a direct effect on destination loyalty. Implications for future research are presented.

Information technology supporting healthcare and social care services

The authors are developing a pilot project for a Municipality in the North of Portugal, envisaging the definition and implementation of an e-marketplace for healthcare and social services, in order to facilitate the interaction between healthcare and social services professionals and people with special needs (or their relatives). Based on the results of a survey on user needs analysis and expectations conducted in 2011, the paper discusses the relevance and interest of such platforms and the main drivers and motivations of the population for using such services, as well as which services would motivate citizens to use the platform. The results of the study will be used to select the products and services perceived to be the most desired by the potential users. The paper thus makes three main contributions: (1) the results of the study confirm the interest and the perceived potential of such a service, from the end-users perspective; (2) the findings support the advantage of expanding this pilot project to a full scale implementation; and (3) the performed analysis improves our understanding of the relations between the characteristics of the inquired population and the perceived interest in such platforms.