Seleção de motobombas para o setor sucroalcooleiro

This work has the purpose to explain how the sugar and alcohol sector works, detail all the processes which uses pumps and assist in the selection and specification of pumps attached with engines, that will make part in important industry processes in the manufacture of sugar and alcohol. A bibliographic revision about the working of sugar and alcohol sector and about pumps were made to help the analysis of a case. This case had the purpose to analyze the selected pumps that were part of a initial project of an industry which aimed a future expansion. The pumps that were selected to made part of the initial project were over dimensioned and were operating out of the best performance point, making the pumps inefficient because the expansion didn't happened. The solution was to select another pump with bigger performance and less power consumption to have a decrease in the energy consumption and in the operational costs of the industry and using the extra electric energy in the industry or selling it

Projeto de um sistema de aquisição dedados para a planta termelétrica do laboratório de máquinas térmicas do DEN/FEG/UNESP

With the purpose of provide students with the practical contact with the operation of a thermoelectric plant, the steam plant Laboratory College of Engineering Guaratinguetá was restored, this work was undertaken so that the necessary equipment was specified for this steam plant had their instrumented processes, enabling greater precision of the measurements performed in the tests and also storing your information. The instrumentation of the plant is to approximate the practices carried out in the laboratory with real situations encountered in industrial steam plant, thus collaborating with the most comprehensive training of students and ensuring the safety of operations performed in the laboratory

O estudo da usinagem em torneamento da superliga à base de níquel Pyromet 31v

The search for materials with higher properties and characteristics (wear resistance, oxidation, corrosion, etc.) has driven research of various materials. Among the materials that are being studied with such properties and characteristics are super alloys based on nickel which has an important role in the aeronautical, automotive, marine, production of gas turbines and now in space vehicles, rocket engineering , experimental aircraft, nuclear reactors, steam-powered plants, petrochemical and many other applications because besides having all the characteristics and properties mentioned above also have an excellent performance at high temperatures. The super alloy based on nickel studied in this work is the super alloy Pyromet 31v normally used in the manufacture of exhaust valves in common engines and diesel engines of high power by cater requirements such as mechanical strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures of approximately 815 ° C. The objective of this work is to produce results to demonstrate more specific information about the real influence of coatings on cutting tools and cutting fluids in turning and thus promote the optimization of the machining of these alloys. The super alloy Pyromet 31v was processed through turning, being performed with various machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, depth in conditions of Minimum Amount of Fluid (MAF), abundant fluid, cutting tools with coating and without coating in early in his work life and with wear. After turning were obtained several samples of chips and the part generated during the machining process, was measured roughness of the material, subsequently made macrostructural analysis of the tools used order to detect possible wear and microstructural analysis of samples collected being that the latter was used for Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Rerrefino de óleo lubrificante usado

The lubricant oil used in engines of internal combustion must be, periodically, changed. Its mainly function in the engines is to reduce the friction between the pieces, but its presence also promotes the cleanness and the refrigeration of the equipment. These attributions, at the end of some cycles of operation, make the oil to be dirty, that is, full of contaminating substances such as water, gasoline, diesel, additives, oxidized hydro-carbons and rests of metals, not being recommended, therefore, its discarding in the environment. Thus, all the used lubricant oil that leaves the automobiles engine has been thrust, waiting for a solution. The pollution generated by the discarding of a ton of used oil per day in the soil or in the rivers is equivalent to a domestic sewer of 40 thousand of people. The indiscriminate burning of the used lubricant oil generates significant emissions of metallic oxides, besides other toxic gases, like the dioxin and sulphur oxides. In this context, the mean objective of this essay was to effectuate the rerrefine of the used lubricant oil, aiming the increase of its life cycle and consequently contributing for the reduction of the environmental pollution. According to the used process, it was possible to get a rerrefine oil, of good quality, which physicistchemistries properties are in compliance with the norms of NBR and ASTM

Cogeração em uma indústria automobilística

The search for energy efficiency improvement is a common concern in many companies. Cogeneration is a well known technique but not so spread in Brazil, despite its potential for energy costs reduction through heat recovery from prime movers. In this work, a preliminary technical and economic study is carried out for a cogeneration plant application in an automotive industry of São Paulo. Though mathematics modeling, three 2435 kW internal combustion engines are selected. When compared to the current status (no cogeneration), annual savings of about 2,2 MR$ are obtained, resulting a almost 3 years payback

Estudo da modificação do ângulo do conjunto cilindro-pistão em motores de combustão interna

The aim of this study is to present those who are interested in mechanical engineering, specifically automotive engineering some ideas for improvements to the current concept of internal combustion engines. It is not intenden to change totally the design of the engine known today, but to exame the feasibility of reducing a small waste generated with the current positioning of the cylinder-piston assembly. The proposal solution consists in modifying the tilt cylinder-piston assembly in the angle between the rod and the cylinder axis. This inclination causes all the force generated in the combustion process within the cylinder is delivered to the rod.Delivery force is the made in the rod longitudinal direction and not on the axis of the cylinder, preventing the occurrence of a breakdown of the force generated in the combustion process. After analyzing the idea of repositioning the piston-cylinder assemble, it is concluded that the change has a positive result in the process of harnessing the power generated in the com bustion, but its not feasible due implementation to low gain presented in this study

Aproveitamento energético de resíduos de esgotamento sanitário

This paper presents alternatives for waste energy recovery from the sewage of cities. Through a review of the literature it is observed that the technologies studied are usually turbines, microturbines, and engines adapted to the use of biogas. For project design analyzes the technologies found in some sewage treatment plants in Brazil and the world, compared with those found in the literature. With this study it can be concluded that the most used technologies are microturbines and motor generator sets, which are already implemented in some locations in the USA, Europe and even Brazil. It can also be concluded that the energy recovery of waste from sewage can enable design of wastewater treatment plants thereby contributing to improved quality of life

Determinação de temperatura de chamas por espectroscopia de espécies quimioluminescentes

In a combustion process involving fossil fuels, there is the formation of species Chemiluminescent, especially CH*, C2* and OH*, whose spontaneous emission can be used as a diagnostic tool. In the present work, mapping and determination of the rotational temperature of the species CH* produced in flames on a burner fueled by Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was carried out. This study is part of a project involving the characterization of supersonic combustion in scramjets engines, whose study has been conducted in the hypersonic shock tunnel IEAv laboratories. The technique used was the natural emission spectroscopy, which has as main advantage of being non-intrusive. The rotational temperature determination was made using the Boltzmann method, whose principle is to relate the emission intensity of the species to the temperature by means of spectroscopic constants established.The temperature values were determined from the analysis of electronic bands AX and BX of the radical CH*. In order to confirm the results of flame temperatures obtained by the natural emission technique, was also used the technique of line reversal sodium. The results of both techniques showed that the temperature of the flames investigated is about 2500K a 2700K

Análise dinâmica e estrutural de virabrequim

This paper deals with static analysis and dynamic stress of an ensemble crank and crankshaft, contained within a combustion engine of 4 cylinders. Aimed to illustrate procedures for computer-aided analysis having as goal the optimization of components according to the need for the market demand. Thus, to work in static and dynamic analyzes were summarized the basic theory involved in the calculations and analyzes necessary actuation forces and held a brief introduction about the manufacturing process and forging. Subsequently, it was applied with the use of software in a case the crankshaft, to obtain the performance and structural dynamic thereof. There was a conservative result and critical points in the fillet of the crankshaft bearing, as well as for lubrication hole. It was concluded that there are possibilities for improvements in the manufacturing process and design optimization in order to provide lower criticality and a more robust part

Modelagem de motor de combustão internae simulação do processo de queima de combustível

The internal combustion engine is a heat engine widely used in the automotive industry. In order to better understand its behavior many models in the literature have been proposed in the last years. The 0-D thermodynamic model is a fairly simple tool but it is very useful to understand the phenomenon of combustion inside the chamber of internal combustion engines. In the first phase of this work, an extensive literature review was made in order to get information about this kind of analysis and, after this, apply them in a model able to calculate the instantaneous temperature and pressure in one zone of the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. Therefore some considerations were made with the aim of increasing the accuracy of the model in predicting the correct behavior of the engine, adding the combined effects of heat transfer, leakage and injection. In the second phase, the goal was to study the internal flow of a three-dimensional model of an internal combustion engine. In order to achieve this goal the software Solidworks was used to create the geometries of an engine and the suite of softwares Ansys was used to create the moving mesh (ICEM CFD and CFX-Pre) and to solve the CFD problem (Ansys CFX code). The model was able to perform the air flow simulation during the four-stroke cycle of an engine: admission, compression, expansion and exhaust. The results obtained from both models were suitable and they open a new range of possibilities for future researches on the field

Modelagem e simulação do mecanismo biela manivela e análise estrutural de biela automotiva

Nowadays, the automotive industry is working to optimize the design of engines, in order to reduce the fuel consumption with acceptable efficiency ratio. This undergraduate thesis is aimed at perform a kinematic/dynamic analysis of a slider-crank mechanism that is part of a four stroke internal combustion engine, the same engine that was used in the analysis described by Montazersadhd and Fatemi (2007). Two algorithms were developed based on Kane’s method to calculate velocities and accelerations of the mechanism bodies, and provide the acting forces at connecting rod joints. A SimMechanics model was developed to simulate the engine, and monitoring the same parameters that were calculated with the algorithms. The results obtained with both approaches were satisfactory and showed good agreement with the values provided by Montazersadhd and Fatemi (2007). The obtained results showed that the axial component of the rod joint efforts was caused by the pressure exerted on the piston head,whereas the radial component was related with the action of inertia loads. Besides, this thesis presents a connecting rod assembly mesh that is going to be used for static and fatigue finite element analysis in the future

Análise do consumo de energia elétrica e da eficiência energética em uma indústria de processamento de madeira

In the industries of wood processing (sawmills), where timber is sawn in equipment such as band saws, circular saws, trowel, thicknessers, among others, that mechanically transform this resource and use of electric motors, which are not unusually poorly scaled working or overloaded, often a factor that is not found in these industries and has fundamental importance in the production process is energy efficiency that is achieved by both technological innovation and through all the practices and policies that aim to lower energy consumption, lowering energy costs and increasing the amount of energy offered no change in generation. For both during the design of an electrical installation, both overall and in various sectors of the installation, investigations are necessary, considerations and uses of variables and factors that put into practice the theme of energy efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, these factors were calculated and analyzed for a wood processing industry (sawmill) in the municipality of Taquarivaí - SP, namely: active power, power factor, demand factor and load factor. Where they were small in relation to the literature, these events that occur when devices are connected at the same time and due to the conditions of processing the wood, where the engines have large variations in electricity consumption during the unfolding of the same, due to efforts with the load and idle moments between each machining operation in the equipment

Otimização do processo de usinagem da superliga nimonic 80A utilizando o Método de Taguchi

Atualmente, atender as necessidades dos consumidores é uma das metas mais importantes, os consumidores estão em busca de produtos com qualidade e preços mais acessíveis, para isso, é indispensável que as empresas se atualizem para melhorar seus produtos e serviços. Com este cenário, as superligas estão cada vez mais ganhando mercado, pois possuem ótimas propriedades, principalmente em relação a operar em temperaturas elevadas, podendo proporcionar maior eficiência para motores que necessitam trabalhar em altas temperaturas. Em contra partida a essa vantagem, as superligas possuem uma baixa usinabilidade, sendo importante a análise do processo de usinagem para se tornarem mais aplicáveis. Este trabalho visa à otimização do processo de torneamento cilíndrico da superliga Nimonic 80A, com o intuito de melhorar a qualidade do produto, utilizando o Método de Taguchi, com o arranjo ortogonal L16, sendo o comprimento de corte definido como variável resposta e analisados seis fatores que poderiam influenciar na sua variação, tais fatores são: velocidade de corte, avanço, profundidade de corte, tipo de pastilha, lubrificação e dureza do material. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os fatores avanço, tipo de pastilha e lubrificação são significativos e exercem influencia no processo, sendo que o avanço deve ser ajustado no nível de 0,12 mm/rev, a pastilha a ser utilizada deve ser CP250 e a lubrificação deve ser feita de maneira abundante, para a otimização do processo. Com a análise dos resultados, também podemos observar a eficiência e confiabilidade do método utilizado, mostrando resultados coerentes

Revisão: propriedades físico-químicas do biodiesel

The present literature review aimed to describe biodisel’s physicochemical properties obtained from different raw materials. Were studied data concerning viscosity, density, cetane number, fl ash point, pour point and calorifi c power of biodiesel produced from soybean oil, coconut, rice bran, cotton, pequi, babassu, mamona, palm, castor, sunfl ower, corn, canola, jatropha and karanja. Considering the diversity of vegetal and animal sources that can be used on the biodiesel production, it is noteworthy the lack of data concerning physicochemical properties of unexplored raw materials. This work may contribute for the creation of database about physicochemical properties of oil and biodiesel from different sources which will allow design and scale-up, both the necessary equipment to the production line and reciprocating engines.

Desempenho de trator agrícola em operação de preparo do solo utilizando diesel e proporções de biodiesel de babaçu

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV