Dinâmica da população do concelho de Tarrafal entre 1990 e 2000 e o seu impacto socio-económico

O presente trabalho, cujo o tema é «Dinâmica da população do concelho de Tarrafal entre 1990 e 2000 e o seu impacto socio-económico», vem na sequência de investigação para apresentação de um trabalho científico de fim do curso como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de licenciatura em Geografia. Este trabalho surgiu, igualmente, da verificação de vários problemas que afectam o concelho, tanto de ordem demográfico, económico, social como ambiental. Não obstante os problemas, que se arrastam desde há muito tempo e que levou na, actualidade, ao posicionamento do concelho de entre os mais pobres do arquipélago de Cabo Verde. O concelho tem vindo a aumentar consideravelmente o seu efectivo populacional ao longo dos tempos. Ao longo da elaboração deste trabalho enfrentamos algumas dificuldades, sobretudo na aquisição de dados, devido à criação do concelho de São Miguel em 1997, que veio separar a freguesia de São Miguel Arcanjo da freguesia da de Santo Amaro Abade, dando assim origem a dois concelhos autónomos. Por isso no segundo capítulo, onde analisamos dinâmica/estado e evolução demográfica enfrentamos algumas dificuldades, dado à ausência de séries estatísticas específicas sobre o actual concelho em estudo. Neste contexto optamos pela análise conjunta (Tarrafal e São Miguel) de alguns indicadores. Como sabemos, a dinâmica de uma população tem implicações directas nas condições sócio-económicas, podendo arrastar consigo alguns problemas que podem influir nas condições de vida das populações. Sendo assim, com estes propósitos procurámos fazer uma abordagem geral sobre a dinâmica da população no concelho do Tarrafal e o seu impacto sócio-económico, em vários ângulos, nomeadamente: os aspectos sócio-culturais, económicos e demográficos. Além da introdução onde procurámos fazer o enquadramento do trabalho, com os objectivos preconizados, a metodologia seguida, a justificação da importância do tema, este trabalho se encontra estruturado em quatro capítulos, mais as conclusões, recomendações, bibliografias e anexos.

PhD Students’ Research Group Social Capital in Two Countries: A Clustering Approach with Duocentred Network Measures

The article examines the structure of the collaboration networks of research groups where Slovenian and Spanish PhD students are pursuing their doctorate. The units of analysis are student-supervisor dyads. We use duocentred networks, a novel network structure appropriate for networks which are centred around a dyad. A cluster analysis reveals three typical clusters of research groups. Those which are large and belong to several institutions are labelled under a bridging social capital label. Those which are small, centred in a single institution but have high cohesion are labelled as bonding social capital. Those which are small and with low cohesion are called weak social capital groups. Academic performance of both PhD students and supervisors are highest in bridging groups and lowest in weak groups. Other variables are also found to differ according to the type of research group. At the end, some recommendations regarding academic and research policy are drawn

Capital de Risco- Uma alternativa de Financiamento: Caso Cabo Verde

Este estudo procura conhecer/testar se o Capital de risco é de facto uma alternativa viável de financiamento e conhecer o percurso e o impacto da actividade de capital de risco em Cabo Verde. Para este efeito, foi feito uma revisão bibliográfica relacionada com a matéria, e, para o caso de Cabo Verde, foi feito uma recolha de opiniões junto da única sociedade de CR no país, junto de técnicos dos Bancos comerciais da praça, da Câmara de Comércio de Sotavento e das participadas de A PROMOTORA, SA.

The capital gains from trade are not enough: Evidence from the environmental accounts of Venezuela and Mexico

In principle, a country can not endure negative genuine savings for longperiods of time without experiencing declining consumption. Nevertheless,theoreticians envisage two alternatives to explain how an exporter ofnon-renewable natural resources could experience permanent negativegenuine savings and still ensure sustainability. The first one allegesthat the capital gains arising from the expected improvement in theterms of trade would suffice to compensate for the negative savings ofthe resource exporter. The second alternative points at technologicalchange as a way to avoid economic collapse. This paper uses the dataof Venezuela and Mexico to empirically test the first of these twohypotheses. The results presented here prove that the terms oftrade do not suffice to compensate the depletion of oil reservesin these two open economies.

Capital, wages and growth: Theory and evidence

Returns to scale to capital and the strength of capital externalities play a key role for the empirical predictions and policy implications of different growth theories. We show that both can be identified with individual wage data and implement our approach at the city-level using US Census data on individuals in 173 cities for 1970, 1980, and 1990. Estimation takes into account fixed effects, endogeneity of capital accumulation, and measurement error. We find no evidence for human or physical capital externalities and decreasing aggregate returns to capital. Returns to scale to physical and human capital are around 80 percent. We also find strong complementarities between human capital and labor and substantial total employment externalities.

Macroprudential policy, countercyclical bank capital buffers and credit supply: Evidence from the Spanish dynamic provisioning experiments

We analyze the impact of countercyclical capital buffers held by banks on the supplyof credit to firms and their subsequent performance. Spain introduced dynamicprovisioning unrelated to specific bank loan losses in 2000 and modified its formulaparameters in 2005 and 2008. In each case, individual banks were impacteddifferently. The resultant bank-specific shocks to capital buffers, coupled withcomprehensive bank-, firm-, loan-, and loan application-level data, allow us toidentify its impact on the supply of credit and on real activity. Our estimates showthat countercyclical dynamic provisioning smooths cycles in the supply of credit andin bad times upholds firm financing and performance.

Civil conflict and human capital accumulation: The long-term effects of political violence in Perú

This paper provides empirical evidence of the persistent effect of exposure to political violence on humancapital accumulation. I exploit the variation in conflict location and birth cohorts to identify the longandshort-term effects of the civil war on educational attainment. Conditional on being exposed toviolence, the average person accumulates 0.31 less years of education as an adult. In the short-term,the effects are stronger than in the long-run; these results hold when comparing children within thesame household. Further, exposure to violence during early childhood leads to permanent losses. I alsoexplore the potential causal mechanisms.

Social capital, government expenditures, and growth

Countries with greater social capital have higher economic growth. We show that socialcapital is also highly positively correlated across countries with government expenditureon education. We develop an infinite-horizon model of public spending and endogenousstochastic growth that explains both facts through frictions in political agency whenvoters have imperfect information. In our model, the government provides servicesthat yield immediate utility, and investment that raises future productivity. Voters aremore likely to observe public services, so politicians have electoral incentives to underprovidepublic investment. Social capital increases voters' awareness of all governmentactivity. As a consequence, both politicians' incentives and their selection improve.In the dynamic equilibrium, both the amount and the efficiency of public investmentincrease, permanently raising the growth rate.

Capital formation in machinery and industrialization. Chile 1844-1938

The present paper revisits an old theme in Latin American and Chilean economic history; the early industrialization in the XIX - XX centuries. The difference with previous approaches is the elaboration of new quantitative series of Chilean machinery investment in the long run and its relative prices and composition, in the period when some authors have sited the beginning of the industrialization in the continent. Initial findings, based on the participation of capital formation in machinery imports and GDP, do not reinforce the idea of early industrialization in Chile.