Efficient diode-pumped Yb : Gd2SiO5 laser

An efficient diode-pumped laser was demonstrated by using an ytterbium-doped laser crystal, Yb:Gd2SiO5 (Yb:GSO), wherein Yb3+ ions exhibit the largest ground-state splitting among all the ytterbium-doped crystals. The Yb:GSO laser can be operated at a low pumping threshold, and the most efficient laser occurs around 1088 nm since the corresponding emission band has the largest emission cross section and the lowest thermal population. A slope efficiency of 75% was demonstrated for a continuous-wave Yb:GSO laser at 1094 nm, and self-pulsed lasers were achieved within the tunable range of 1091-1105 nm, which are the longest laser wavelengths achieved for Yb3+ lasers. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

Efficient laser oscillation of Yb : Y3Al5O12 single crystal grown by temperature gradient technique

Low-threshold and highly efficient continuous-wave laser performance of Yb:Y3Al5O12 (Yb:YAG) single crystal grown by a temperature gradient technique (TGT) was achieved at room temperature. The laser can be operated at 1030 and 1049 nm by varying the transmission of the output coupler. Slope efficiencies of 57% and 68% at 1049 and 1030 nm, respectively, were achieved for 10 at. % Yb:YAG sample in continuous-wave laser-diode pumping. The effect of pump power on the laser emission spectrum of both wavelengths is addressed. The near-diffraction-limited beam quality for different laser cavities was achieved. The excellent laser performance indicates that TGT-grown Yb:YAG crystals have very good optical quality and can be potentially used in high-power solid-state lasers.

Efficient tunable diode-pumped Yb : LYSO laser

We demonstrated efficient laser action of a new ytterbium-doped oxyorthosilicate crystal Yb:LuYSiO5 ( Yb: LYSO) under high-power diode-pumping. The spectroscopic features and laser performance of the alloyed oxyorthosilicate crystal are compared with those of ytterbium-doped lutetium and yttrium oxyorthosilicates. In the continuous-wave laser operation of Yb: LYSO, a maximal slope efficiency of 96% and output power of 7.8 W were respectively achieved with different pump sources. The Yb: LYSO laser exhibits not only little sensitivity to the pump wavelength drift but also a broad tunability. By using a dispersive prism as the intracavity tuning element, we demonstrated that the continuous-wave Yb: LYSO laser exhibit a continuous tunability in the spectral range of 1014-1091 nm. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

A new Yb-doped oxyorthosilicate laser crystal: Yb : Gd2SiO5

A new Yb-doped oxyorthosilicate laser crystal, Yb:Gd2SiO5 (Yb:GSO), has been grown by the Czochralski (Cz) method. The crystal structure was determined by means of X-ray diffraction analysis. Room temperature absorption and fluorescence spectra of Yb3+ ions in GSO crystal were measured. Then. spectroscopic parameters of Yb:GSO were calculated and compared with those of another Yb-doped oxyorthosilicate crystal Yb:YSO. Results indicated that Yb:GSO crystal seemed to be a very promising laser gain media in generating ultra-pulses and tunable solid state laser applications. As expected, the output power of 2.72 W at 1089 nm was achieved in Yb:GSO crystal with absorbed power of only 4.22 W at 976 nm, corresponding to the slope efficiency of 71.2% through the preliminary laser experiment. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Low-threshold diode-pumped Yb3+, Na+: CaF2 self-Q-switched laser

For the first time to our knowledge, the laser performance of Yb3+, Na+-codoped CaF2 single crystals was demonstrated. Self-Q-switched laser operation at 1050nm was observed for 976 nm diode pumping at room temperature. On 5 W of incident power, the repetition rate and width of the self-Q-switched pulses reached 28 kHz and 1.5 mu s, respectively. A maximal slope efficiency of 20.3% and minimal threshold absorbed pump power of 30 mW were respectively achieved with different output couplers, showing the promising application of Yb3+, Na+-codoped CaF2 crystals as compact and efficient solid-state lasers. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America.

Distribuição do material particulado em suspensão na plataforma continental e talude superior entre Ubatuba (SP) e o cabo Búzios (RJ)

A pesquisa aqui apresentada amostrou a plataforma continental e talude superior entre Ubatuba (SP) e o cabo Búzios (RJ), em dois projetos de escala local e de meso-escala. A campanha entre Ubatuba e o cabo Frio foi realizada no âmbito do projeto Oceano-Rio: levantamentos oceanográficos integrados ao largo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, realizado em colaboração com o Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT) e com a cooperação da Marinha do Brasil (MB), a bordo do Navio Hidro-oceanográfico Cruzeiro do Sul. Dos dados coletados nesta campanha oceanográfica, foram analisados os dados de CTD, concentração de oxigênio dissolvido, fluorescência, transmissividade, atenuação, retro-espalhamento além de amostras de água para a determinação direta da concentração de material particulado em suspensão (MPS). No experimento de menor escala, entre o cabo Frio e o cabo Búzios, além destes dados, foi realizado um fundeio entre 02 e 30 de julho de 2011, que amostrou a intensidade do eco, as correntes e as ondas. As análises realizadas permitiram observar uma grande abrangência da massa dágua característica da Ressurgência sobre a plataforma continental entre Ubatuba (SP) e cabo Búzios (RJ), inclusive em regiões muito rasas. A ressurgência nem sempre ocorreu associada aos ventos NE, sugerindo que a ocorrência de vórtices tem grande influência sobre o Sistema de Ressurgência de Cabo Frio. O padrão de distribuição de MPS na região é muito influenciado pela ressuspensão dos sedimentos de fundo (aumentada durante as tempestades, quando a coluna dágua passa a apresentar maiores concentrações de MPS), produção fitoplanctônica e aporte das baías costeiras. Outros processos que parecem influenciar este padrão são os vórtices e as ondas internas no talude. A complexidade da interação destas diferentes fontes de MPS e processos associados à sua distribuição ficou evidenciada no processo de conversão dos sinais óticos do transmissômetro e nefelômetro em concentração de MPS. Apesar desta dificuldade associada à grande variabilidade das características do MPS, as análises dos testes de conversão do sinal ótico em concentração de MPS permitem concluir que as melhores conversões podem ser obtidas após a inspeção visual das concentrações de MPS medidos (filtração) e remoção das amostras que não seguem a tendência geral esperada de dispersão sinal ótico versus concentração de MPS.