Charakterisierung der mikrobiellen Population und Untersuchungen zum Quorum Sensing in der Rhizosphäre vom Weidelgras (Lolium perenne) auf einer Rückstandshalde der Kaliindustrie

Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurden die Dynamik und die Kommunikation innerhalb der mikrobiellen Population der Rhizosphäre von Deutschem Weidelgras (Lolium perenne) untersucht, welches auf einer teilweise rekultivierten Rückstandshalde der Kaliindustrie wuchs. Um die niederschlagsbedingte Auswaschung von Salzen zu reduzieren, wird die Rückstandshalde des Kaliwerks Sigmundshall (in Bokeloh bei Hannover) schrittweise mit dem technogenen Abdecksubstrat REKAL/SAV ummantelt. Dieses weist eine hohe Standfestigkeit und Wasserspeicherkapazität auf und kann zudem begrünt werden, wofür als Pionierpflanze Lolium perenne dient. Durch diese Rekultivierung wird Niederschlag besser gespeichert und über Evapotranspiration wieder in die Luft abgegeben, was letztendlich die Bildung von Salzwasser vermindert. Da das Abdecksubstrat neben alkalischem pH-Wert auch teilweise hohe Schwermetallkonzentrationen aufweist, sollte in der vorliegenden Arbeit erstmals die mikrobielle Rhizosphären-Gemeinschaft in diesem extremen Habitat mittels einer kulturunabhängigen Methode erforscht werden. Zudem wurden erste Untersuchungen angestellt, ob im Substrat die zelldichte-abhängige bakterielle Kommunikation (Quorum Sensing) nachgewiesen werden kann. Mittels extrahierter Gesamt-DNA wurde anhand der 16S rDNA die Analyse des „Terminalen Restriktonsfragmentlängenpolymorphismus“ (TRFLP) verwendet, um die komplexe bakterielle Rhizosphären-Gemeinschaft unter zeitlichen und lokalen Aspekten zu vergleichen. Auftretende Veränderungen bei den bakteriellen Populationen der jeweiligen Proben wurden durch eine Zu- oder Abnahme der auch als Ribotypen bezeichneten terminalen Restriktionsfragmente (TRF) erfasst. Hierbei zeigten sich am Südhang der Halde während der Sommermonate der Jahre 2008 und 2009 zwar Schwankungen in den bakteriellen Gemeinschaftsprofilen, es lagen jedoch keine eindeutigen Dynamiken vor. Im Vergleich zum Südhang der Halde wies der Nordhang eine höhere Ribotyp-Diversität auf, was mit der fortgeschritteneren Rekultivierung dieses Haldenabschnitts zusammenhängen könnte. Zusätzlich wurden Bakterien aus der Rhizosphäre von Lolium perenne isoliert und mithilfe der Biosensoren Agrobacterium tumefaciens A136 pCF218 pCF372 und Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 auf die Produktion von N-Acylhomoserinlactonen (AHLs) überprüft. Diese AHLs werden von Gram-negativen Mikroorganismen als Signalmoleküle verwendet, um ihre Genexpression zelldichteabhängig zu kontrollieren. Von den 47 getesteten Gram-negativen Rhizosphärenisolaten konnten nur bei einem reproduzierbar AHL-Moleküle mithilfe des Reporterstamms A. tumefaciens nachgewiesen werden. Der AHL-Produzent wurde als Pseudomonas fluorescens identifiziert. Mittels dünnschichtchromatographischer Analysen konnten die extrahierten bakteriellen AHL-Moleküle den N-Octanoyl-L-homoserinlactonen zugeordnet werden.

Quality Criteria for Enterprise Modelling in the context of networked Enterprises

The capability for collaboration is a key success factor for networked enterprises. The paper introduces a methodology supporting the application of Enterprise Modelling in order to improve the maturity for collaboration. The methodology considers the current status of maturity for interoperability for deducing the right modelling approach. The approach is combined with quality criteria of the models in order to guide the modelling process. Both the deducing approach and the quality criteria are related to the levels of interoperability proposed by the ATHENA Interoperability Framework.

Quality Governance based on Enterprise Engineering Method and Six Sigma Approach

Enterprise Modeling (EM) is currently in operation either as a technique to represent and understand the structure and behavior of the enterprise, or as a technique to analyze business processes, and in many cases as support technique for business process reengineering. However, EM architectures and methods for Enterprise Engineering can also used to support new management techniques like SIX SIGMA, because these new techniques need a clear, transparent and integrated definition and description of the business activities of the enterprise to be able to build up, optimize and operate an successful enterprise. The main goal of SIX SIGMA is to optimize the performance of processes. A still open question is: "What are the adequate Quality criteria and methods to ensure such performance? What must we do to get Quality governance?" This paper describes a method including an Enterprise Engineering method and SIX SIGMA strategy to reach Quality Governance

Enterprise Engineering Method supporting Six Sigma Approach

Enterprise Modeling (EM) is currently in operation either as a technique to represent and understand the structure and behavior of the enterprise, or as a technique to analyze business processes, and in many cases as support technique for business process reengineering. However, EM architectures and methodes for Enterprise Engineering can also used to support new management techniques like SIX SIGMA, because these new techniques need a clear, transparent and integrated definition and description of the business activities of the enterprise to be able to build up, to optimize and to operate an successful enterprise.

Enterprise Modelling Approach based on Maturity and Business Scope perspectives

This paper introduces a framework that supports users to implement enterprise modelling within collaborative companies. These enterprise models are the basis for a holistic interoperability measurement and management methodology which will be presented in the second part of the paper. The discipline of enterprise modelling aims at capturing all dimensions of an enterprise in a simplified model. Thus enterprise models are the appropriate basis for managing collaborative enterprise as they reduce the complexity of interoperability problems. Therefore, a first objective of this paper is to present an approach that enables companies to get the most effect out of enterprise modelling in a collaborative environment based on the maturity of their organisation relative to modelling. Within this first step, the user will get recommendations e.g. for the correct modelling language as well as the right level of detail.

From Subsistence Agriculture to Commercial Enterprise: Community management of green technologies for resilient food production

The aim of this paper is to emphasize the capacity and resilience of rural communities in regard to sustainable food security by adopting innovative approaches to irrigation. The shift from subsistence to commercial agriculture is promoted as a means to sustainable development. An analysis of the efficacy of irrigation schemes in Zimbabwe suggests that, in terms of providing sustainable agricultural production, they have neither been cost-effective nor have they provided long-term food security to their beneficiaries. This is certainly true of Shashe Scheme and most others in Beitbridge District. The Shashe Irrigation Scheme project represents a bold attempt at developing a fresh approach to the management of communal land irrigation schemes through a Private Public Community Partnership. The model illustrated represents a paradigm shift from subsistence agriculture to a system based on new technologies, market linkages and community ownership that build resilience and lead to sustainable food security and economic prosperity.

Contact Sensing: A Sequential Decision Approach to Sensing Manipulation Contact

This paper describes a new statistical, model-based approach to building a contact state observer. The observer uses measurements of the contact force and position, and prior information about the task encoded in a graph, to determine the current location of the robot in the task configuration space. Each node represents what the measurements will look like in a small region of configuration space by storing a predictive, statistical, measurement model. This approach assumes that the measurements are statistically block independent conditioned on knowledge of the model, which is a fairly good model of the actual process. Arcs in the graph represent possible transitions between models. Beam Viterbi search is used to match measurement history against possible paths through the model graph in order to estimate the most likely path for the robot. The resulting approach provides a new decision process that can be use as an observer for event driven manipulation programming. The decision procedure is significantly more robust than simple threshold decisions because the measurement history is used to make decisions. The approach can be used to enhance the capabilities of autonomous assembly machines and in quality control applications.

Pose Determination of a Grasped Object Using Limited Sensing

This report explores methods for determining the pose of a grasped object using only limited sensor information. The problem of pose determination is to find the position of an object relative to the hand. The information is useful when grasped objects are being manipulated. The problem is hard because of the large space of grasp configurations and the large amount of uncertainty inherent in dexterous hand control. By studying limited sensing approaches, the problem's inherent constraints can be better understood. This understanding helps to show how additional sensor data can be used to make recognition methods more effective and robust.

A Proposal for Enterprise Value Phase of the Lean Aerospace Initiative

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) submits this proposal for the Enterprise Value Phase of the Lean Aerospace Initiative (LAI) in response to the October 9, 2002 Request for Proposal (RFP) F33615-02-2-5501 from the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL/MLKT), Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. This proposal addresses the conduct of the LAI as set forth in the Enterprise Value Phase Concept of Operations (final draft dated 5 June 2002. The creation of this Enterprise Value Phase Concept of Operations (ConOps) was the result of extensive interaction among all stakeholders in the LAI consortium. The proposed products and research topics have been developed by the MIT LAI team based on this extended interaction with the Lean Aerospace Initiative consortium members during the concept of operations development. This proposal is in consonance with the Enterprise Value Phase vision, and mission as set forth in the concept of operations so as to meet stakeholder needs to achieve the goals and deliverables desired, prioritized to fit available funding.

Lean Enterprise Self-Assessment Tool (LESAT)

-Status report on June Executive Board commitments -Enterprise-level LESAT Beta Version -Detailed-level LESAT Development Plan -Industry and government participation and support requirements -Resource Needs -Executive Board decision on proposed next steps

Lean Enterprise Transformation: Measuring and Accelerating the transition to lean.

PowerPoint presentation that showcases: • Research Objectives • Strategic Value of the Lean Enterprise • Multi-Stakeholder Value Optimization • Lean Enterprise Self-Assessment Tool (LESAT) • Leading and Lagging Indicators of Lean Enterprise Transformation • Empirical Results in the Aerospace Industry • Accelerating the Lean Transformation - Linking LESAT to Strategic Objectives • Summary and Questions

Applying the Lessons of “Lean Now” to Transform the US Aerospace Enterprise

Lean is common sense and good business sense. As organizations grow and become more successful, they begin to lose insight into the basic truths of what made them successful. Organizations have to deal with more and more issues that may not have anything to do with directly providing products or services to their customers. Lean is a holistic management approach that brings the focus of the organization back to providing value to the customer. In August 2002, Mrs. Darleen Druyun, the Principal Deputy to the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition and government co-chairperson of the Lean Aerospace Initiative (LAI), decided it was time for Air Force acquisitions to embrace the concepts of lean. At her request, the LAI Executive Board developed a concept and methodology to employ lean into the Air Force’s acquisition culture and processes. This was the birth of the “Lean Now” initiative. An enterprise-wide approach was used, involving Air Force System Program Offices (SPOs), aerospace industry, and several Department of Defense agencies. The aim of Lean Now was to focus on the process interfaces between these “enterprise” stakeholders to eliminate barriers that impede progress. Any best practices developed would be institutionalized throughout the Air Force and the Department of Defense (DoD). The industry members of LAI agreed to help accelerate the government-industry transformation by donating lean Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to mentor, train, and facilitate the lean events of each enterprise. Currently, the industry SMEs and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are working together to help the Air Force develop its own lean infrastructure of training courses and Air Force lean SMEs. The first Lean Now programs were the F/A-22, Global Hawk, and F-16. Each program focused on specific acquisition processes. The F/A-22 focused on the Test and Evaluation process; the Global Hawk focused on Evolutionary Acquisitions; and the F-16 focused on improving the Contract Closeout process. Through lean, each enterprise made many significant improvements. The F/A-22 was able to reduce its Operational Flight Plan (OFP) Preparation and Load process time of 2 to 3 months down to 7 hours. The Global Hawk developed a new production plan that increases the annual production of its Integrated Sensor Suite from 3 per year to 6 per year. The F-16 enterprise generated and is working 12 initiatives that could result in a contract closeout cycle time reduction of 3 to 7 years. Each enterprise continues to generate more lean initiatives that focus on other areas and processes within their respective enterprises.