Nutrição mineral de hortaliças XXVII: tolerância de cultivares de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) ao alumínio e ao manganês

Dois experimentos foram conduzidas, em condições de casa-de--vegetação com o objetivo de caracterizar diferenças entre cultivares de tomateiro (Lycopersvcum esculentum Mill) com relação à tolerância ao alumínio e ao manganês. No primeiro experimento foram cultivados em Latossol Roxo (solo ácido, com níveis elevados de alumínio e manganês), seis cultivares de tomateiro: Santa Cruz Kada, Angela IAC 3946, Vital, Roma VF, Pavebo 220 e Ronita N, os três primeiros de crescimento indeterminado e os restantes de crescimento determinado. No segundo experimento, os cultivares Santa Cruz Kada e Ronita N que apresentaram um contraste de desenvolvimento no solo ácido, foram cultivados em solução nutritiva de HOAGLAND & ARNON, modificada para níveis de manganês (0,5 ; 1,5 e 3,0 ppm) e com adição de níveis de alumínio (0,0; 10,0 e 20,00 ppm). Os resultados obtidos permitiram indicar o cultivar Santa Cruz Kada como mais tolerante ao alumínio que o cultuar Ronita N. A maior sensibilidade ao alumínio do cultivar Ronita N foi associada com uma maior exigência em cálcio e fósforo, com uma maior absorção de alumínio e também com efeito depressivo do alumínio na absorção dos nutrientes mencionados, em relação ao cultivar Santa Cruz Kada. A tolerância do cultivar Santa Cruz Kada ao alumínio apesar de ser maior que a do Ronita N pode ser considerada de grau relativamente baixo, podendo-se esperar ainda, boas respostas dessas plantas à calagem nos cultivares em solos ácidos. O comportamento dos cultivares frente aos níveis de manganês em solução nutritiva foi semelhante, não sendo observado qualquer efeito prejudicial do elemento nos níveis empregados.

Free and total GMP (glycomacropeptide) contents of milk during bovine lactation

Amostras quinzenais, desde o parto até o final do período de lactação, obtidas de 34 vacas de três diferentes raças e propriedades, foram analisadas quanto à presença de GMP livre. Um pool das amostras quinzenais de cada rebanho foi analisada tanto para o conteúdo de GMP livre quanto para o GMP total (liberado da k-caseína pela ação da renina), correlacionando-os com as condições sanitárias do animal e do úbere, à fase da lactação e à produção de leite. A maioria dos problemas sanitários concentrou-se próximo ao parto, com poucas e espaçadas ocorrências de mastites clínicas. Os resultados do teste de CMT mostraram reações compatíveis às fases da lactação. Para o GMP livre as maiores variações ocorreram em função do período de lactação e em conseqüência de mastites clínicas e subclínicas. Valores elevados foram observados no início da lactação (5,87mg de ácido siálico/L de leite), normalizando para valores próximos de 3,30mg/L já ao final do segundo mês e voltando a elevar-se no terço final da lactação. em média, as mesmas tendências foram observadas para o teor de GMP total liberado pela ação de coalho comercial, iniciando com valores ligeiramente elevados (35,59mg/L), tornando-se normal e assim se mantendo até o sexto mês com valores próximos a 27,15mg/L, e novamente elevando-se gradualmente até o final da lactação, com 58,35mg de ácido siálico/L de leite. Esses resultados mostram-se úteis para a correta interpretação de métodos aplicados à seleção do leite, seja em relação ao status proteolítico da matéria-prima ou mesmo para coibição de fraudes por adição de soro ao leite.

Evaluation of thyroxine (T4) and progesterone-17-alpha-OH circadian rhythm in swine females (Sus scrofa domestica - Linnaeus, 1758)

No presente trabalho foram utilizadas quatro fêmeas suínas, adultas, mestiças, não-gestantes e sem sinais clínicos de estro, criadas e mantidas sob condições industriais de criação. Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de ritmicidade biológica circadiana para tiroxina e 17-alfa -OH progesterona. Os ensaios para dosagens hormonais foram executados utilizando-se a técnica de radioimunoensaio (RIE) em fase sólida e para isso foi empregado conjunto de reagentes comerciais (COAT-A-COUNT R). As análises séricas de tiroxina mostraram valores mais elevados ao redor das 15 horas, decrescendo a partir dai até atingir níveis menores no intervalo da zero às 4 horas. Quanto a 17-alfa -OH progesterona, observaram-se níveis mais elevados por volta das 3 horas, decrescendo gradativamente ao longo do dia, até atingir menor concentração no intervalo das 12 às 15 horas.

Trabalho e formação docente na rede municipal de ensino de natal

The study Teacher work and education in the municipal schools of Natal objectifies the analysis of the education and work conditions of the teachers in the municipal schools of Natal, placing them within the scenario of the public policies outlined for Basic Education (2005-2010). The thesis is based on the perspective that the educational reforms implemented by the Brazilian government in an attempt to answer to the new contextual demands originated from the world of work and globalization, demanding increasingly higher levels of qualification and constant extension of the teaching functions in school from the teachers, have been configured withal as a strategy for intensifying the teacher s work. The empirical field of study was constituded by thirteen municipal schools that offer basic education. Four hundred and seventeen teacher subjects that work in the municipal school system of Natal, two representatives of the Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Natal (SME)1 that work in the pedagogical team and one representative of the Sindicato dos Trabalhadores em Educação do Rio Grande do Norte2 took part in the study. The procedures/instruments used in the research were: bibliographic review, document research, questionnaires and recording of information in a field journal. The study confirmed that the majority of the teachers that work in the municipal school system were admitted by means of public entry exams, therefore meeting the requirements set by Law 9.394/96. Most of the teachers have the initial education demanded to work in basic education, although with some limitations due to the fact that they do not correspond to the needs of the educational system. The SME has a plan for continued training of the teachers in accordance to the current ideas defended by researchers of this field. There is, although, a disconnection between the purpose of the plan and the training strategies, because, in truth, predominate repetitive and specific actions that do not contemplate the training needs of the teachers, nor the demands of the system. Although the work conditions are evaluated, by the teachers, as relatively good, limits in relation to the physical structure of the schools are observed (dirty walls with holes in them, broken ceiling fans, old chairs and desks, old and stained black boards, inadequate restroom installations, poor maintenance of the computers, amongst other items). It was also verified the an increase in the functions of the teachers and an intensification of their work, materialized through an overburden of activities undertaken daily at school (and outside of it) and through the demand in taking part in activities that go beyond those inherent to the teaching process, such as the elaboration of political-pedagogical projects, participation in collegiate, registration of student information solicited by the SME and the participation in commissions, has been happening

Avaliação da imunidade passiva em bezerros nascidos de vacas imunizadas com vacina contra rotavírus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Educar para o lar, educar para a vida :cultura escolar e modernidade educacional na Escola Doméstica de Natal (1914-1945)

La recherche propose un nouveau regard sur l Institution Scolaire École Doméstica de Natal, en essayant de tenir compte de la multiplicité des auteurs et des pratiques développées à l école qui définissaient le mieux et expliquaient les phénomènes de cette réalité éducative et des rapports avec le temps et le lieu où elle s insérait. Pour ce faire, les concepts de mémoire et culture scolaire ont été fondamentaux pour la compréhension de ces pratiques, parce qu ils ont contribué à notre lecture historique-culturelle de l ensemble d aspects institutionnalisés à l école, comme son curriculum, ses finalités, ses façons d enseigner et d apprendre, ses règles de conduite, ses normes, enfin, ce qui caractérisait son organisation et ses pratiques quotidiennes. C était l École Doméstica de Natal l institution pionnière dans le modèle d éducation féminine au Brésil, nous le reconnaissons en priorité et nous visons à le circonscrire à son indélébile contribution à l Histoire de l Éducation de Rio Grande do Norte. Conçue par un modèle d organisation scolaire européen pour l éducation féminine, l École Doméstica de Natal a été inaugurée en 1914, en ayant comme créateur l intelectuel de Rio Grande do Norte Henrique Castriciano de Souza. Sa singularité, s opposant aux écoles féminines existantes au Rio Grande do Norte et au Brésil en ce temps-là, était dû au modèle scolaire adopté, qui appuyait sur la formation d une femme préparée à répondre aux aspirations modernes surgissant avec l avènement de la République. Ce contexte exigeait de l école la formation d un modèle de femme dans les aspects moral, physique, culturel et intelectuel modelés sur les idéaux de l ordre et du progrès. Ce serait une nouvelle méthode d éducation scolaire qui pourrait favoriser la modernisation des anciennes méthodes d enseignement, provoquant le surgissement de modèles qui impliqueraient une nouvelle organisation pédagogique aux écoles de l`État et conduiraient la ville à de nouveaux et hauts paliers de culture et civilité. Avec cela, l école contribuerait à ce que la femme joue un rôle dans la société d une manière plus active, sociale et mieux adaptée. Les mots ordre, nouveau, civilité, moderne et progrès se répandaient et s entrecroisaient avec des valeurs archaïques toujours permanentes et enracinées dans la vision de vie et l idée de monde d alors. Ainsi, on voyait que l École Doméstica était une institution modèle, spécifique dans sa fonction, qui apporterait à la ville et, particulièrement au Rio Grande do Norte, des idées de civilité, ordre et progrès

O PROEJA ensino médio no ifrn, campus Caicó: causas da desistência e motivos da permanência

This dissertation deals about the theme of National Integration Program of the Professional Education to the Basic Education in the form of Youth and Adults Education - PROEJA, which was developed at the Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte - IFRN - Campus Caicó. It aims to analyze the causes of the abandonment and the reasons for the permanence of students within the mentioned program. To substantiate this research, we used methodologically, some procedures such as bibliographical research, documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews and focus group. To analyze the data, we discussed the contradiction that involves duality and educational compensation based in the struggles and achievements of rights at the core of public policies for high schools, for vocational education and the education of youth and adults in the 2000s. We analyze the integrated high school under PROEJA, having as reference the conception of the total human formation; the inseparability of the primary education system and vocational education and the integration of knowledge and expertise as a whole, discussing the specificities of the modality EJA, discussing the causes of abandonment and the reasons for the permanence of the students of education for youth and adults (EJA) in the primary education system. As for the results, we found that although the PROEJA be a program that aims to provide a complete human formation to contribute to the full citizenship of their graduate members, what is announced in the document that guides its creation has not been materialized in Caicó Campus. The curriculum of the course was not designed for the students of EJA, nor teachers have had an adequate training to work with these specific individuals, and its specificities of being workers with differentiated learning times have not been considered. In addition, the courses are predominantly of instrumentalist characteristics. This indicates that the material and institutional conditions to achieve the promised total and complete training have not being fully materialized at the researched school. Associated with the difficulties concerning the intra-school and extra-school conditions, personal and socioeconomic conditions which are related to the obligation to work that implies in limitations to balance work, school and family, they influenced in the interruption of the school trajectory of these subjects. Through research, we confirmed that the motives of students who remain have to do also with intraescolares conditions the quality of education (qualification of technical staff and teachers) involved in the educational process, as well as socioeconomic and personal issues represented by the support of colleagues and family.Then it is concluded that the causes of abandonment and the reasons of the permanence are of institutional, socioeconomic and personal origins. Finally, it is observed that capitalist society demands as much as possible high levels of educated workers, and at the same time makes difficult the access to that education for much of the population, and it is not randomly. The objects of that exclusion are the popular worker classes and their children

Hipertensão arterial e fatores de risco em servidores atendidos pelo departamento de assistência da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

Systemic arterial hypertension is a multifactorial disease that contributes to the country´s high cardiovascular morbi-mortality rates. Considering that hypertension affects individuals in their most productive age while facing work and living risk factors, it is important to investigate its occurrence and predisposing factors in different occupational segments. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of hypertension among workers attended to in a medical service of a public university, their hypertension levels, the risk factors present, and their knowledge of the factors that influence the arterial pressure. The epidemiologic study was conducted in the Health Department of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte with 102 workers that sought care in the medical clinic during the months of March to May 2009. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and measurements of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (SAP and DAP) that were classified in stages according to the Brazilian Society of Hypertension and the degree of risk for cardiovascular events according to the criteria of the Brazilian Society for Cardiology. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The workers were, on average, 54 years of age; the majority (67%) was male and had primary or middle educational level; they worked mainly in supplemental units and deanship offices conducting different functions such as security guards, administrative assistants, health auxiliaries and constructions workers; 48 (47%) of the workers identified themselves as hypertensive for 8 years on average, with the majority executing hard labor and administrative functions. Among the workers with hypertension, the number of the pressure levels classified as pre-hypertensive, stage I and II were: (12% in the SAP and 20% in the DAP); (16% in the SAP and 9% in the DAP); and (15% in the SAP and 5% in the DAP), respectively. The workers that did not identify themselves as hypertensive presented classifications with greater frequencies were: normal (16% in the SAP and 30% in the DAP); and pre-hypertensive (21% in the SAP and 16% in the DAP). The risk factors identified in more than 50% of the workers were: tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and indices of being overweight, although physical activities are also present. Of the 48 workers diagnosed as hypertensive, those that had 5 risk factors present and limitrophic pressure levels (12%), in stage I hypertension (16%) and stage II hypertension (15¨%) were categorized as being in high risk for vascular events. The number of workers that indicated they had knowledge of the factors that influence their hypertension was less than 39% for each factor. It is concluded that there is a high prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension in the university workers, even amongst those already under treatment. They constitute a population at risk considering their age group, their work functions, and their inadequate life habits. Health care of these hypertensive workers that seek attention in the Health Department is an important aspect of the internal workers health policy in the institution. Educational interventions are recommended for the improvement of quality of life and of work in these workers

Caracterização biométrica de frutos de coqueiro, Vocos nucifera L. variedade anã-verde, em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento

Objetivou-se determinar a curva de crescimento da massa do fruto e diâmetros externos longitudinal e transversal, bem como os acúmulos do albúmen sólido (polpa) e albúmen líquido (água-de-coco) e sua caracterização sensorial em diferentes estádios. Frutos de coqueiro-anão-verde (Cocos nucifera L.) foram avaliados em 26 épocas, durante o período de sua formação, em intervalos quinzenais, de abril de 2004 a maio de 2005, no município de Bebedouro - SP. Foram aplicados aos dados modelos de regressão logística e logística combinada com exponencial quadrática, obtendo-se elevados graus de ajustes. O diâmetro externo longitudinal alcançou a média máxima de 20,12 cm aos 375 dias após a abertura da inflorescência (d.a.a.i.), enquanto o diâmetro externo transversal alcançou 14,57 cm, aos 345 (d.a.a.i.). Os frutos apresentaram maior massa no período entre 255 e 315 (d.a.a.i.), não havendo diferença estatística significativa neste período. O albúmen sólido teve início de formação aos 225 (d.a.a.i.), chegando aos 375 dias com a massa média de 214,78 gramas. O maior volume médio de albúmen líquido foi verificado em frutos com 8,5 meses de idade com adequado sabor. Esses dados são importantes indicativos do ponto ideal de colheita dos frutos de coqueiro-anão-verde, na região de Bebedouro - SP, para o consumo in natura da água-de-coco.

Avaliação de populações de maracujazeiro-doce (Passiflora alata Curtis) obtidas de polinização aberta

Catorze características agronômicas de cinco populações de maracujazeiro-doce (Passiflora alata Curtis) foram avaliadas em Jaboticabal-SP, no período de abril de 2000 a março de 2001. Número de frutos por planta (NF), número de sementes/fruto (NS), massa do fruto (MF) e produção (PRO) foram caracteres que apresentaram os mais elevados índices de variabilidade entre plantas, possibilitando, assim, a seleção de plantas superiores quanto a estes caracteres. Médias dos caracteres produção (PRO), número de frutos/planta (NF), espessura da casca (EC), número de sementes/fruto (NS) e rendimento em polpa (%P), analisadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade, não apresentaram diferença significativa entre as populações. Observou-se considerável variabilidade entre plantas e baixa variabilidade entre as populações nestes caracteres.

Efeitos da aplicação de manganês no crescimento, na nutrição e na produção de matéria seca de plantas de Brachiaria brizantha (cv. MG4) em condições de casa de vegetação

A adubação com micronutrientes, como o manganês em gramíneas forrageiras tropicais, contribui para o atendimento das exigências nutricionais tanto das plantas quanto dos animais. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, estudar os efeitos da aplicação de manganês no crescimento, na nutrição e na produção de matéria seca de plantas de Brachiaria brizantha, em condições de casa de vegetação. Para isto, realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação da FCAV/UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, com Brachiaria brizantha (cv. MG4), em vasos com 3,5 dm³ preenchidos com amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Mn = 0,6 mg dm-3). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos, que corresponderam às doses de manganês (0, 15, 30, 60 e 120 mg dm-3), e quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se, nos dois cortes da forrageira (primeiro corte, 35 dias após o transplantio e, segundo, 30 dias após o primeiro), as variáveis de crescimento, produção de massa de forragem, teor e acúmulo de Mn na parte aérea. As doses de manganês aplicadas aumentaram a concentração deste micronutriente no solo e nas plantas e a produção de massa de forragem no primeiro corte. A Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG4 apresenta alta tolerância ao manganês, atingindo elevados teores de Mn na parte aérea, mesmo sem provocar sintomas visuais de toxicidade.

Número mínimo de tensões para determinação da curva característica de retenção de água de um latossolo vermelho eutrófico sob sistema de semeadura direta

Para o conhecimento do comportamento físico-hídrico do solo, é fundamental a determinação da curva de retenção de água (CRA). A aquisição de dados para obtenção da CRA envolve processos demorados e custos elevados. A hipótese deste estudo foi a de que é possível determinar a CRA com menor número de tensões, reduzindo seu tempo de obtenção, sem, contudo, comprometer a acurácia dos resultados. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar quais tensões podem ser utilizadas para determinação da CRA de Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico de maneira acurada e em menor tempo. Foram determinados os conteúdos de água retidos em amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico sob sistema de semeadura direta (SSD). As tensões utilizadas na determinação dos conteúdos de água foram: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200, 300, 500, 700, 1.000, 3.000, 5.000 e 15.000 hPa. Os dados foram combinados e determinaram-se 450 CRAs ajustadas pelo modelo de van Genuchten. Os parâmetros α, m, n e Ug res, gerados pelo modelo, foram submetidos à análise de variância (teste F) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott (p = 0,05). A hipótese deste estudo foi confirmada, ou seja, é possível determinar a CRA com menor número de tensões, reduzindo seu tempo de obtenção em até cinco vezes, sem, contudo, comprometer a acurácia dos resultados. A tensão de 15.000 hPa deve estar contida na combinação de tensões a serem utilizadas para determinação da curva característica de retenção de água, quando se emprega o modelo matemático de van Genuchten para ajuste dos dados. As curvas características de retenção de água do solo, definidas com as combinações de tensões (0, 60, 700 e 15.000 hPa), (0, 80, 700 e 15.000 hPa), (0, 100, 1.000 e 15.000 hPa), (0, 20, 60, 100, 700 e 15.000 hPa), (0, 80, 300, 700 e 15.000 hPa) e (0, 100, 300, 1.000 e 15.000 hPa), sendo os dados ajustados ao modelo de van Genuchten, proporcionaram estimativas dos conteúdos de água, retidos no Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico sob sistema de semeadura direta, com a mesma acurácia, quando comparada à curva de referência partindo-se de um conjunto de 15 valores de tensões.

Estratégias de intervenção utilizadas por enfermeiros da ESF do município de Natal/RN no controle do câncer do colo de útero

Cancer of the cervix (cervical cancer) is the second most prevalent cancer among Brazilian women. The high rates of cervical cancer in Brazil justify the implementation of effective strategies to control this, which include actions to promote health, primary prevention, early detection, screening, treatment and palliative care. Despite the existence of the National Programme for Control of the CCU there was no reduction in the incidence and mortality of this disease in Brazil. The Family Health Strategy (FHS) has the potential to facilitate such control and, in this context, one should consider that nurses play a central role. The study aimed to know the general intervention strategies used by nurses FHS of Natal / RN in CCU control, and how specific: analyzing the knowledge of these nurses on the CCU, the actions developed in the ESF for the control of CCU and identify the difficulties faced by them to perform it. This is a descriptive exploratory quantitative developed through a structured interview guide with 106 nurses who have experience in controlling the CCU in FHS teams of Natal / RN. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistic s. The results pointed to actions taken in the FHS to control the CCU, collection of cervical cancer screening, health education activities, nursing consultation, referral of suspected cases for medical monitoring and active women with abnormal test result . The actions that were not mentioned by the nurses included: forming groups of prevention and health promotion; expand coverage of exams and office hours of consultations, establishment of alternatives to end the pent-up demand in the health units, participation in treatment or rehabilitation process users with the CCU; interventions for pain management, alliances and partnerships with schools, in dustry and the use of protocols. This study can be seen that the practice nurses partially shares to the CCU in Natal / RN. The participants of this study, when asked about the CCU, specifically for signs and symptoms of disease and risk factors in general showed important gaps. Difficulties such as lack of materials for collection of Pap smear; inadequate physical space in the Health Units; pent-up demand in the service, delay in arrival of the test results; obstacles in the actions of referral and counter-referral and cultural factors make the CCU control is compromised. It is believed in this research contributed to a reflection on the importance of the role of nurses in the development of the ESF control actions CCU, pointing out the factors that affect these. It is important to involve all nurses who comprise the ESF as knowledgeable of the risk factors, signs and symptoms, and existing tools for the early detection of cervical cancer in the pursuit of quality improvement actions to promote women`s health, contributing in planning future interventions that may reduce mortality from this disease in Natal / RN.

Clima e cultura de segurança do paciente em uma maternidade escola: percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem em terapia intensiva

Since the publication of the report "To Err is Human" by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) , which estimated that between 44.000 to 98.000 Americans die annually as a result of errors in health care, patient safety spent gaining prominence, emerging studies assess the safety culture by measuring the safety climate. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify safety culture perceived by nursing professionals working in the intensive care unit of a maternity school in Natal/RN through the Security Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). This was a descriptive study, cross-sectional and quantitative approach undertaken in the Intensive Care Unit Maternal and Neonatal a maternity school in Natal/RN. The project was submitted to and approved by Brazil Platform Zip/UFRN under number 309 540 and CAAE 16489713.7.0000.5537. It was used to collect data two instruments: a questionnaire in order to collect socio-demographic data of the subjects and the Questionário Atitudes de Segurança , a cultural adaptation to Portuguese of the instrument of the World Health Organization titled Safety Attitudes Questionnaire - (SAQ ) Short Form 2006. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively by the organization in electronic databases in Microsoft Excel 2010 spreadsheet and exported to statistical software for free access to be coded, tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study included a total of 50 nurses, 31 and 19 of the NICU Maternal ICU, predominantly female, mean age 35 years, median time of 10 years training and working in maternity, mostly, less than 05 anos. As a result, two articles were produced. The first refers to the first two domains of the instrument entitled "climate of teamwork" and "climate security" . The scores of the two areas were slightly higher in Maternal ICU compared to the NICU, but no sector has reached the ideal minimum score of 75: in the first domain Maternal ICU had an average of 74.77, with medians of 75 and 100, while Neonatal ICU reached an average of 69.61 with median also 75 and 100, while the second field means were 69.35 and 66.01 for Maternal and Neonatal ICUs respectively, with a median of 100 in the two sectors. The second article relates to the field "Perception Management Unit and Hospital", which 9 assessed the perception of management units and motherhood by professionals. In general, the items of the domain in question also obtained scores below the ideal minimum: 63.68 to 51.02 and maternal ICU for neonatal, featuring a clear separation between the management and the professionals who work in direct care. These findings indicate a warning sign for the institution and point to the need to implement actions aimed at patient safety

Estudo numérico do comportamento de muros de arrimo em alvenaria estrutural de blocos vazados

Usually masonry structures has low tension strength, hence the design to flexural efforts can results in high reinforcement ratio, specification of high unit and prism strength, structural members with larger section dimensions and modification in structural arrangement to be possible to use masonry members. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the stiffness, the efforts distribution and the effect of horizontal elements (girders) and vertical elements (counterforts) distribution on the behavior of masonry blocks retaining walls. For this purpose, numerical modeling was performed on typical retaining wall arrangements by varying the amount and placement of horizontal and vertical elements, beyond includes elements simulating the reactions of the soil supporting the foundation of the wall. The numerical modeling also include the macro modeling strategy in which the units, mortar and grout are discretized by a standard volume that represents the masonry elastic behavior. Also, numerical model results were compared with those ones of simplified models usually adopted in bending design of masonry elements. The results show horizontal displacements, principal and shear stresses distribution, and bending moments diagrams. From the analysis it was concluded that quantity and manner of distribution of the girders are both important factors to the panel flexural behavior, the inclusion of the foundation changed significantly the behavior of the wall, especially the horizontal displacements, and has been proposed a new way of considering the flanges section of the counterforts