Biofilms of Candida albicans serotypes A and B differ in their sensitivity to photodynamic therapy

Candida albicans is classified into different serotypes according to cell wall mannan composition and cell surface hydrophobicity. Since the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) depends on the cell wall structure of microorganisms, the objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of in vitro biofilms of C. albicans serotypes A and B to antimicrobial PDT. Reference strains of C. albicans serotype A (ATCC 36801) and serotype B (ATCC 36802) were used for the assays. A gallium-aluminum-arsenide laser (660 nm) was used as the light source and methylene blue (300 mu M) as the photosensitizer. After biofilm formation on the bottom of a 96-well microplate for 48 h, each Candida strain was submitted to assays: PDT consisting of laser and photosensitizer application (L + P+), laser application alone (L + P-), photosensitizer application alone (L-P+), and application of saline as control (L-P-). After treatment, biofilm cells were scraped off and transferred to tubes containing PBS. The content of the tubes was homogenized, diluted, and seeded onto Sabouraud agar plates to determine the number of colony-forming units (CFU/mL). The results were compared by analysis of variance and Tukey test (p < 0.05). The two strains studied were sensitive to PDT (L + P+), with a log reduction of 0.49 for serotype A and of 2.34 for serotype B. Laser application alone only reduced serotype B cells (0.53 log), and the use of the photosensitizer alone had no effect on the strains tested. It can be concluded that in vitro biofilms of C. albicans serotype B were more sensitive to PDT.

Biocompatibility of New Calcium Aluminate Cement: Tissue Reaction and Expression of Inflammatory Mediators and Cytokines

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

High-throughput sugarcane leaf analysis using a low cost closed-vessel conductively heated digestion system and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

One-dimensional silicon and germanium nanostructures with no carbon analogues

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da influência dos parâmetros de processo de soldagem MIG no surgimento de poros em tubos de alumínio

The process of electric arc welding with shielding gas (GMAW) is being increasingly used in various industrial applications. This process occurs by which an electric arc is established between the work piece and a consumable in the form of wire, the arc melts the wire continuously as it is fed to the weld pool. The weld metal is protected from the atmosphere by flowing a gas (or gas mixture) inert or active. This paper presents a study of the welding process GMAW - MIG on aluminum tubes, alloy 6101 - T6, used in the manufacture of armored busbar, intended for driving electric power plants. 5(five) were welded specimens, changing certain welding parameters at each time was monitored welding joint as well as the interpass temperature. Tests were performed bending, tensile and macrographical analysis of body-of-evidence and through its results was possible to reach a better welding condition, which minimizes the appearance of pores, since the porosity has great influence on the mechanical strength and electrical conductivity of welded pipes

Determinação experimental da tenacidade à fratura em baixas temperaturas de tubos de aço API 5L X70

Because of the great metallurgical advances, the welded tubes by HF / ERW (High Frequency / Electrical Resistance Welding) have played a more active role in the oil and gas, gradually replacing tubes produced by other processes (UOE, SAW, and others) to deep water applications, in high and extremely low temperatures, highpressure conditions and in highly corrosive environments. However, studies have revealed that defects in the welded joints are in one of main causes of failures in pipelines. Associated with damage external and the stringent requirements of this sector, the welded joints become particularly critical for his toughness and the determination of this particular property is fundamental. This study aims to evaluate the toughness of the HF / ERW pipes in HSLA steel API X70 class, used in pipelines transport systems of gas and oil from data obtained with CTOD tests (Crack Tip Opening Displacement). The main objectives of this project are: mechanical and microstructural characterization of steels API X70 manufactured in Brazil; and evaluation of the toughness of weld process by HF / ERW steel API X70 national. After having the tests done, mechanical, chemical and metallurgical, we have the conclusion that those pipe are in agreement to API 5L 42ª edition for X70MO and the toughness behaves like the expected

Análise microestrutural de tubos API P110, para prospecção de petróleo e gás, soldados pelo processo HF/ERW

On the grounds of the great advances achieved over recent years, the process HF/ERW (High-Frequency/Electric Resistance Welding)welded pipe have played an active role in the oil and gas industry for deep water applications, at high and extremely low temperatures, under high pressure and in highly corrosive environments, gradually replacing manufactured pipes by other processes. However, studies have shown that defects in the welded joints are a the leading causes of pipelines failures, which has required the determination of toughness values in this region, in compliance with the strict recommendations of the codes and standards with manufacturers and construction companies, on the oil and gas sector. As part of the validation process required toughness values, this research project focuses on a microstructural analysis in HF / ERW tubes microalloyed, steel grade API 5CT P110, designed to explore oil and gas in deep waters, the subject of strategic relevance to the country because of the recent discoveries in the Santos mega fields: Tupi and Libra (pre-salt). In this scientific work will be presented and discussed the results of mechanical tensile and Charpy, a few CTOD tests curves (showing the trend of toughness values to be obtained), and the microstructures of the base material obtained by optical microscopy, with special emphasis on the formation of nonmetallic inclusions in the welded joint