Intervalo hídrico ótimo em um Latossolo vermelho cultivado em sistema semeadura direta por 25 anos

O Intervalo Hídrico Ótimo (IHO) integra atributos físicos do solo relacionados ao crescimento das culturas e corresponde ao intervalo entre os limites superior e inferior do conteúdo de água no solo, no qual são mínimas as limitações para o crescimento radicular. Em áreas agrícolas, o manejo do solo pode alterar sua estrutura, de forma que, principalmente em razão da compactação, a densidade do solo (Ds) poderá ficar fora desses limites em que as condições são ideais para o crescimento das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar o IHO para avaliação da qualidade física do solo e identificação de áreas com restrição para crescimento de plantas, visando ao manejo localizado. O estudo foi realizado em um Latossolo Vermelho argiloso sob sistema semeadura direta (SSD) com cultivos sucessivos de grãos por 25 anos em Campinas, SP. Foram coletadas amostras volumétricas de solo, nas camadas de 0,00-0,10, 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,30 m, destinadas à obtenção dos seguintes atributos: Ds, curva de resistência à penetração, curva de retenção de água e porosidade do solo para determinação do IHO e da densidade crítica do solo (Dsc). Dados de variabilidade e dependência espacial da Ds foram analisados por semivariogramas para elaboração de mapas desse atributo. O IHO diminuiu em profundidade e foi limitado na parte superior pela umidade na capacidade de campo e na parte inferior pela resistência à penetração, nas três profundidades avaliadas. A Dsc foi de 1,42 Mg m-3 para a camada de 0,00-0,10 m e de 1,39 e 1,41 Mg m-3, respectivamente, para as camadas de 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,30 m. Verificou-se que a Ds foi maior que a Dsc nas camadas de 0,00-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m, em porções localizadas no terço inferior do terreno, indicando condição crítica para o crescimento das plantas. A utilização do IHO, associado a mapas de variabilidade espacial da Ds, para determinação de pontos em que ela é maior que a Dsc, auxilia a tomada de decisão para intervenção ou modificação do manejo do solo, enquanto que o critério de escolha do valor crítico da resistência à penetração pode contribuir para a interpretação dos resultados de campo.

EPI Update, May 25, 2012

Weekly newsletter for Center For Acute Disease Epidemiology of Iowa Department of Public Health.

Friday Facts, May 25, 2012, Vol. 142

Bureau of Nutrition and Health Promotion part of the Iowa Department of Public Health produces of weekly newsletter about the Iowa WIC Program for the State of Iowa citizen.

From Empirical Bayes to Full Bayes: Methods for Analysing Traffice Safety Data, October 25, 2004

Traffic safety engineers are among the early adopters of Bayesian statistical tools for analyzing crash data. As in many other areas of application, empirical Bayes methods were their first choice, perhaps because they represent an intuitively appealing, yet relatively easy to implement alternative to purely classical approaches. With the enormous progress in numerical methods made in recent years and with the availability of free, easy to use software that permits implementing a fully Bayesian approach, however, there is now ample justification to progress towards fully Bayesian analyses of crash data. The fully Bayesian approach, in particular as implemented via multi-level hierarchical models, has many advantages over the empirical Bayes approach. In a full Bayesian analysis, prior information and all available data are seamlessly integrated into posterior distributions on which practitioners can base their inferences. All uncertainties are thus accounted for in the analyses and there is no need to pre-process data to obtain Safety Performance Functions and other such prior estimates of the effect of covariates on the outcome of interest. In this slight, fully Bayesian methods may well be less costly to implement and may result in safety estimates with more realistic standard errors. In this manuscript, we present the full Bayesian approach to analyzing traffic safety data and focus on highlighting the differences between the empirical Bayes and the full Bayes approaches. We use an illustrative example to discuss a step-by-step Bayesian analysis of the data and to show some of the types of inferences that are possible within the full Bayesian framework.

From Empirical Bayes to Full Bayes: Methods for Analyzubg Traffic Safey Data, October 25, 2004

Traffic safety engineers are among the early adopters of Bayesian statistical tools for analyzing crash data. As in many other areas of application, empirical Bayes methods were their first choice, perhaps because they represent an intuitively appealing, yet relatively easy to implement alternative to purely classical approaches. With the enormous progress in numerical methods made in recent years and with the availability of free, easy to use software that permits implementing a fully Bayesian approach, however, there is now ample justification to progress towards fully Bayesian analyses of crash data. The fully Bayesian approach, in particular as implemented via multi-level hierarchical models, has many advantages over the empirical Bayes approach. In a full Bayesian analysis, prior information and all available data are seamlessly integrated into posterior distributions on which practitioners can base their inferences. All uncertainties are thus accounted for in the analyses and there is no need to pre-process data to obtain Safety Performance Functions and other such prior estimates of the effect of covariates on the outcome of interest. In this light, fully Bayesian methods may well be less costly to implement and may result in safety estimates with more realistic standard errors. In this manuscript, we present the full Bayesian approach to analyzing traffic safety data and focus on highlighting the differences between the empirical Bayes and the full Bayes approaches. We use an illustrative example to discuss a step-by-step Bayesian analysis of the data and to show some of the types of inferences that are possible within the full Bayesian framework.

Guidance Document for Executive Order Number 17, March 25, 2010

Executive Order 17, signed by Governor Chester J. Culver on September 25, 2009, emphasizes revitalization of historic properties and cultural and entertainment districts and also supports safe and healthy work places, sustainable design and cost effective use of state resources. Specifically, the Executive Order requires that State entities managing or leasing real estate on behalf of the State shall give priority to the needs of public entities and the populations they serve consistent with the cost effective use of state revenues. It also indicates that existing resources and facilities shall be used where adequate, cost competitive and appropriate for efficient and effective current state operations.

Iowa Crop and Weather Report, June 25, 2012, Vol. 12. no. 17

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau. Iowa Secretary of Agriculture Bill Northey today commented on the Iowa Crops and Weather report released by the USDA National Agricultural Statistical Service. The report is released weekly from April through October.

EGASP: the human ENCODE Genome Annotation Assessment Project

Background: Non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons have contributed to shaping the structure and function of genomes. In silico and experimental approaches have been used to identify the non-LTR elements of the urochordate Ciona intestinalis. Knowledge of the types and abundance of non-LTR elements in urochordates is a key step in understanding their contribution to the structure and function of vertebrate genomes. Results: Consensus elements phylogenetically related to the I, LINE1, LINE2, LOA and R2 elements of the 14 eukaryotic non-LTR clades are described from C. intestinalis. The ascidian elements showed conservation of both the reverse transcriptase coding sequence and the overall structural organization seen in each clade. The apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease and nucleic-acid-binding domains encoded upstream of the reverse transcriptase, and the RNase H and the restriction enzyme-like endonuclease motifs encoded downstream of the reverse transcriptase were identified in the corresponding Ciona families. Conclusions: The genome of C. intestinalis harbors representatives of at least five clades of non-LTR retrotransposons. The copy number per haploid genome of each element is low, less than 100, far below the values reported for vertebrate counterparts but within the range for protostomes. Genomic and sequence analysis shows that the ascidian non-LTR elements are unmethylated and flanked by genomic segments with a gene density lower than average for the genome. The analysis provides valuable data for understanding the evolution of early chordate genomes and enlarges the view on the distribution of the non-LTR retrotransposons in eukaryotes.

Analytical Measures of Learners' Written Interlanguage

This paper aims at reconsidering some analytical measures to best encapsulate the interlanguage, in writing, of young beginner learners of English as a foreign language in the light of previous and work-in-progress research conducted within the BAF project, and in particular, whether clause and sentence length should be best viewed as a fluency or syntactic complexity measusre or as part of a different construct. In the light of a factor analysis (Navés, forthcoming) and multivariate and correlation studies (Navés et al. 2003, Navés, 2006, Torres et al. 2006) it becomes clear that the relationship between different analytical measures is also dependent on learner¿s cognitive maturity (age) and proficiency (amount of instruction). Finally, clause and sentence length should not be viewed as either a fluency or sytactic complexity measure but as part of a different construct. It is concluded that further research using regression analysis and cluster analysis is neeed in order to identify and validate the constructs of the writing components and their measurements.

Iowa Workforce News, August 2012, Issue 25

Iowa Workforce Development's bi-monthly newsletter.

Iowa Crop and Weather Report, August 20, 2012, Vol. 12. no. 25

Report produced by the The Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship, Climatology Bureau. Iowa Secretary of Agriculture Bill Northey today commented on the Iowa Crops and Weather report released by the USDA National Agricultural Statistical Service. The report is released weekly from April through October.