The influence of rare earth mercaptoacetate on the initiation of corrosion on AA2024-T3 Part II: The influence of intermetallic compositions within heavily attacked sites

Localised corrosion is typical on AA2024-T3 due to intermetallic particles embedded in the alloy. The effect of intermetallic compositions on corrosion are not yet fully understood. EPMA data on AA2024-T3 surfaces before and after a 16. min immersion, analyses the influence of intermetallic clustering on the severity attack at local sites. While sites with a high number of domains and a large S-phase surface area typically lead to severe attack, maximising these features did not always lead to severe corrosion attack. Cerium or praseodymium mercaptoacetate inhibited corrosion ring formation. The common trends observed from such attack sites was also discussed.

Accepting risk in the acceleration of drug development for rare cancers.

Rare cancers collectively contribute a disproportionate fraction of the total burden of cancer. The oncology community is increasingly facing small numbers of patients with each cancer subtype, requiring cooperation and collaboration to complete multicentre trials that advance knowledge and patient care. At the same time, new insights into the biology of rare cancers have led to an explosion in knowledge and development of targeted agents. These insights and techniques are set to revolutionise the care of patients with cancer. However, drug development strategies and the availability of new agents for rare cancers are at risk of stalling owing to the ever-increasing complexity and costs of clinical trials. Finding solutions to these problems is imperative to the future of cancer care. We propose that a greater degree of risk sharing is needed than is currently accepted to enable the use of new methods with confidence, and to keep pace with scientific advancement.

Investigation of corrosion inhibition mechanisms of rare-earth mercaptoacetate inhibitors on AA2024-T3

 Corrosion inhibition mechanisms on the aerospace alloy, AA2024-T3, was investigated for the inhibitor combination of rare earth metals and mercaptoacetate. The inhibitor demonstrated synergistic protection for AA2024-T3 from localised corrosion. It is intended to be a more environmentally friendly alternative to toxic chromate-based inhibitors.

The influence of rare earth mercaptoacetate on the initiation of corrosion on AA2024-T3 Part I: average statistics of each intermetallic composition

De-alloying of S-phase in AA2024-T3 in the presence chlorides, is well-known. However, it is unclear how rare earth mercaptoacetate inhibitors affect this process when immersed in a 0.1. M NaCl solution. This paper analyses data obtained using EPMA on AA2024-T3 surfaces before and after a 16. min immersion period. Cerium and praseodymium mercaptoacetate inhibited the de-alloying process of S-phase particles. Although no significant change in composition was observed for cathodic intermetallics, each appeared to participate in local corrosion reactions as evidenced by the development of surface oxides. Clustering between S-phase and one of the Cu-containing intermetallic domains was also evident.

Rare earth 3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)propionate complexes

The reaction of lanthanoid chlorides or nitrates with sodium 3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (Na4hpp) in methanol or water has yielded complexes [La4(4hpp)12(H2O)6]·4H2O·MeOH (1), [Ce2(4hpp)6(H2O)3]·(H2O)·2.5(EtOH) (2a) (after crystallization from ethanol), [Ho(4hpp)3(H2O)2] (5), [Er(4hpp)3(H2O)2]·1.5(H2O) (6), and [Lu(4hpp)3]·H2O crystal composition (7), as well as heterobimetallics [NaCe2(4hpp)7(H2O)2]·3(H2O) (2b), [NaPr2(4hpp)7(H2O)2]·3(H2O) (3), and [NaNd2(4hpp)7(H2O)(MeOH)]·(H2O)·3(MeOH) (4). The structures of homometallic complexes 1, 2a, 6, and 7 reveal one-dimensional coordination polymers and vividly illustrate the effect of lanthanoid contraction with a decline in coordination numbers in the series from 9-11 (1), 9,10 (2a), 8 (6) to 7 (7) through variations in carboxylate coordination and ligation of water. Bimetallic complexes 2a and 4 each exhibit five different carboxylate binding modes as well as coordination of the 4-OH substituent of 4hpp to sodium thereby linking 1D polymer chains into a 2D network with both 9 and 10 coordinate Ln atoms and 6 coordinate sodium. Bulk products after drying lose solvent of crystallization in some cases (2a, 6), or exchange MeOH for water (4). X-ray powder diffraction indicates that bulk 2b and 3 are isotypic, as are bulk 5 and 6. In contrast to the excellent corrosion protection of lanthanum 4-hydroxycinnamate, compound 1 is ineffective in preventing the corrosion of mild steel, thereby establishing the importance of the -CHCH- structural unit of the former in its anti-corrosion properties. However the flexible -CH2-CH2- chain of the 4hpp ligand enables the crystal engineering of its lanthanoid complexes in a wide variety of structures as well as effective crystallization for structure determination, whereas the analogous 4-hydroxycinnamates have so far evaded structural characterization except for Ln = La, Ce owing to crystallization problems.

Stochastic discount factor bounds and rare events: a review

We aim to provide a review of the stochastic discount factor bounds usually applied to diagnose asset pricing models. In particular, we mainly discuss the bounds used to analyze the disaster model of Barro (2006). Our attention is focused in this disaster model since the stochastic discount factor bounds that are applied to study the performance of disaster models usually consider the approach of Barro (2006). We first present the entropy bounds that provide a diagnosis of the analyzed disaster model which are the methods of Almeida and Garcia (2012, 2016); Ghosh et al. (2016). Then, we discuss how their results according to the disaster model are related to each other and also present the findings of other methodologies that are similar to these bounds but provide different evidence about the performance of the framework developed by Barro (2006).

Oral foreign body granuloma: unusual presentation of a rare adverse reaction to permanent injectable cosmetic filler

COSTA MIGUEL, M. C.; NONAKA, C. F. W.; GERMANO, A. R.; SOUZA, L. B.; SOUZA, L. B. Oral foreign body granuloma: unusual presentation of a rare adverse reaction to permanent injectable cosmetic filler. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, v. 38, p. 385-387, 2009.

Association of ABO gene mutations resulting in a rare B subgroup

Background and Objectives B subgroups are rare and the genetic analysis reported to date has been limited.Materials and Methods Serological and molecular investigations were performed in blood from a B-subgroup donor.Results Red cells did not react with anti-B and anti-AB reagents. However, cells absorbed anti-B. Red cells presented positive reactions with anti-H, and saliva secreted H substance. The molecular study demonstrated a B allele with the substitutions 467C>T, 646T>A, 681G>A, 771C>T, 796C>A, 803G>C, 829G>A and an 0 allele with the sequence of 002.Conclusions It is probable that the presence in exon 7 of some of the 002 substitutions could have weakened the enzymatic activity of the encoded B transferase.

Rare earth centers properties and electron trapping in SnO2 thin films produced by sol-gel route

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Dielectric response features and oxygen migration on rare earth modified lead titanate ferroelectric ceramics

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Meningeal tumor: A rare extrahepatic association in patients with polycystic liver disease enrolled for liver transplantation

In the present study, we described a rare association of polycystic liver disease (PCLD) with intracranial meningiomas in patients included on a liver transplant list, focusing on the diagnosis, treatment and possible association with any genetic alterations. Two female patients, aged 39 and 49 years were included on a liver transplant list due to extensive PCLD, with symptoms related to an abdominal compartmental syndrome. Screening for extrahepatic manifestation revealed a right frontal meningioma in the first patient, and a parietal posterior calcified meningioma in the second patient, measuring 1 and 7x3x2 cm in diameter, respectively. Following tumor removal, the histological pattern was compatible with fibrous and transitional meningioma, respectively. Cytogenetic studies conducted following surgery did not reveal any changes in metaphase chromosomes. The postoperative follow-up for the two patients was uneventful, without complications, with the patients remaining on a liver transplant waiting list. We conclude that screening for extrahepatic manifestations of PCLD is mandatory, as certain lesions require treatment prior to liver transplantation. The lack of a genetic or familial association between these two cases show they are likely to have occurred by chance, rather than representing a previously unrecognized association between polycystic liver disease and cranial meningioma.