Artea ikasbide: mendiekin abesten

LABURPENA: Lan honek, hezkuntzan sormenak eta musikak duen garrantzia aztertuz eta hauek gelan lantzeak duen abantaila adieraziz, Haur Hezkuntzako gela batean praktikan jarri daitekeen lan proiektua sortzea du helburu. Honez gain, herri kantak zer diren eta lantzearen garrantzia aipatuz, mendizaleen orkestra izendatutako proposamena sortu da, musika, artea eta ingurune hurbila ezagutzeko asmoekin.

The Equivalency Principle for Discounting the Value of Natural Assets: An Application to an Investment Project in the Basque Coast

25 p.

A decade of studies at Loch Fleet, Galloway (Scotland): A catchment liming project and restoration of a brown trout fishery

Loch Fleet is a small upland lake in the hills of Galloway in southwest Scotland. In the 1970s the waters of the loch became more acidic and a brown trout fishery failed. This account summarises an experimental project, the "Loch Fleet Project" initiated in 1984, designed to reverse acidification of the loch by liming parts of the catchment. Liming about 40% of the catchment in 1986 and 1987 raised the pH and calcium levels, and reduced toxic aluminium concentrations. The improved conditions had been maintained up to 1994, but water in the loch, and its principal inflow stream, is now falling close to the desired threshold of quality. After liming, restocking with local strains of trout in 1987 was successful, and a self-recruiting population became established within 2 years. Recruitment is highly variable, however, and was attributed to severe spring conditions and the limited spawning capacity of the nursery stream, rather than to water quality.

Diseño del circuito neumático para el accionamiento de una cuchara de colada

[ES]En el presente trabajo se diseña el circuito neumático para el accionamiento de una cuchara de colada. Se comienza con la solución menos automatizada a la que se le van añadiendo elementos para mejorar el circuito hasta llegar a la forma de funcionamiento deseada. Para su desarrollo se han realizado los circuitos de forma teórica con el programa FluidSIM y posteriormente de forma práctica en un panel neumático en el laboratorio de fluidos de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Bilbao. Finalmente se presenta un ejemplo ilustrativo del dimensionamiento del cilindro neumático.

A GEOPASS-NERC project on diatom deposition and sediment accumulation in Lake Baikal, Siberia

This new project is multidisciplinary, with physical and chemical palaeolimnological aspects mainly the responsibility of Swiss and Russian scientists, and the biological limnology and palaeolimnology components mainly undertaken by the British and Russian groups. The overall project aim is to improve palaeoclimate reconstructions using sedimentary diatoms by promoting better understanding of diatom ecology and sediment-forming processes. The initial work plan is divided into four main parts: To understand diatom phytoplankton ecology more fully, to assess taphonomic changes associated with the transformation of phytoplankton diatom communities into sediment assemblages, to demonstrate sediment core integrity and representativity and to calibrate modern diatom assemblages against contemporary climate records. The preliminary results from the interrelated studies of phytoplankton, sediment traps and sediment cores used in GEOPASS-NERC, demonstrate the complexity of links between the living and fossil systems. Furthermore, the nature of recent sedimentation in Lake Baikal is spatially variable and incompletely known. This poses a major challenge to palaeolimnological interpretation. Turbidite deposits and differential preservation of microfossils, combined with inadequate knowledge of the modern ecology of endemic diatoms, all conspire to obfuscate the sedimentary record of environmental change.

Proyecto técnico-económico para la rehabilitación energética de edificios

[ES]El proyecto consiste en analizar un edificio cualquiera, situado en la zona norte de la península, que necesita una rehabilitación energética. Se estudian todos los posibles elementos por los que hay mayores pérdidas de energía: ventanas, fachada, tejado, iluminación y caldera. A continuación, se desarrollan unas propuestas de mejora para reducir estas pérdidas y se realiza el presupuesto de la inversión que debe hacer el cliente, así como la rentabilidad del proyecto. Una vez terminado el estudio, se llevarían a cabo las obras, logrando un edificio eficiente y rentable energéticamente.

Applying systematic design: the flight refuelling probe project

This report is a product of close industry-academia collaboration between British Aerospace and the Cambridge Engineering Design Centre (EDC). British Aerospace designs and integrates some of the most complex systems in the world, and its expertise in this field has enabled the company to become the United Kingdom's largest exporter. However, to stay at the forefront of the highly competitive aerospace industry it is necessary to seek new ways to work more effectively and more efficiently. The Cambridge EDC has played a part in supporting these needs by providing access to the methods and tools that it has developed for improving the process of designing mechanical systems. The EDC has gained an international reputation for the quality of its work in this subject. Thus, the collaboration is between two organisations each of whom are leaders in their respective fields. The central aim of the project has been to demonstrate how a systematic design process can be applied to a real design task identified by industry. The task selected was the design of a flight refuelling probe which would enable a combat aircraft to refuel from a "flying tanker". However, the systematic approach, methods and tools described in this report are applicable to most engineering design tasks. The findings presented in this report provide a sound basis for comparing the recommended systematic design process with industrial practice. The results of this comparison would enable the company to define ways in which its existing design process can be improved. This research project has a high degree of industrial relevance. The value of the work may be judged in terms of the opportunities it opens up for positive changes to the company's engineering operations. Several members of the EDC have contributed to the project. These include Dr Lucienne Blessing, Dr Stuart Burgess, Dr Amaresh Chakrabarti, Major Mark Nowack, Aylmer Johnson and Dr Paul Weaver. At British Aerospace special thanks must go to Alan Dean and David Halliday for their interest and the support they have given. The project has been managed by Dr Nigel Upton of British Aerospace during a 3 year secondment to the EDC.

The Windermere perch and pike project: an historical review

This paper is an attempt to set the background, provide a brief history, review some of the Windermere perch and pike project's scientific achievements, note current developments and hopes for the future, and comment on some aspects of such long-term projects. The project was originally started in 1939 in order to provide fish in freshwater lakes which might be harvested to enhance the supplies of food in a country subject to blockade. Pike traps and gill-netting were trialed as fishing methods. Catch statistics are available from 1939 which can be used to study population dynamics or for modelling purposes. The author provides an overview of changes in the population dynamics of perch and pike but covers briefly other species like arctic charr and brown trout. Also covered are several aspects of the basic biology and ecology of the principal species involved.