Governmentaly in the origins of European Female PE and Sport: the Spanish case study (1883-1936)

The purpose of the paper is twofold: (1) to contribute to the analysis of the origins of modern European female PE and sports from a power perspective, inspired by Foucault's work; and (2) to present a detailed analysis of female PE and sport in Spain (1883–1936) as a specific European case study. It is argued that these physical activities could be conceived in the Spanish case as part of a specific kind of ‘governmentality’ with a dual nature. On the one hand they represented disciplinary ‘technologies of power’ over the female body. Selected physical activities—dictated mainly from the hygienic-moral position of the Regeneracionistas (‘Regenerationists’)—were exerted as a kind of ‘bio-power’ for the control of the female population. On the other hand, such kind of activities (especially sports) represented certain ‘technologies of the self’ for middle and upper class women. Through participation in sports, women gained a more active and public role in the Spanish society of the era, obtaining some degree of autonomy in self-governance over their bodies and their lives

The British Influence in the Birth of Spanish Sport

Sports started to gain relevance in Spain around the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century as a leisure and health option of the upper classes imported from Britain. Its early development was intertwined with the spread of other kinds of physical activities with much more tradition on the continent: gymnastics and physical education. First played by the ruling classes – aristocracy and high bourgeoisie – sports permeated towards petty bourgeoisie and middle classes in urban areas such as Madrid, Barcelona, San Sebastián and Santander. This pattern meant that the expansion of sports was unavoidably tied to the degree of industrialisation and cultural modernisation of the country. Since 1910, and mainly during the 1920s, sport grew in popularity as a spectacle and, toa much lesser degree, as a practice among the Spanish population.

Nanoinformatics: developing new computing applications for nanomedicine

Nanoinformatics has recently emerged to address the need of computing applications at the nano level. In this regard, the authors have participated in various initiatives to identify its concepts, foundations and challenges. While nanomaterials open up the possibility for developing new devices in many industrial and scientific areas, they also offer breakthrough perspectives for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In this paper, we analyze the different aspects of nanoinformatics and suggest five research topics to help catalyze new research and development in the area, particularly focused on nanomedicine. We also encompass the use of informatics to further the biological and clinical applications of basic research in nanoscience and nanotechnology, and the related concept of an extended ?nanotype? to coalesce information related to nanoparticles. We suggest how nanoinformatics could accelerate developments in nanomedicine, similarly to what happened with the Human Genome and other -omics projects, on issues like exchanging modeling and simulation methods and tools, linking toxicity information to clinical and personal databases or developing new approaches for scientific ontologies, among many others.

OMA -AMO - Casa de la música de Oporto

La investigación de un “objeto arquitectónico” enlaza con los principios teóricos desde los que en ARKRIT-LAB se entiende la crítica la arquitectura: la obra antes que el autor y su descripción antes que su interpretación. Consecuentemente, se propuso estudiar un edificio relevante y considerado de gran impacto teórico y mediático, entrando primero de manera precisa en su respuesta al medio, al material, a la medida, a la morfología y a la misión -metodo M3- y proponiendo después, entre los investigadores del laboratorio diversas actividades: re exionar de manera abierta sobre las condiciones de su “arquitectura”, experimentar el edi cio, rastrear sus antecedentes e investigar en la materia concreta y en las formas utilizadas; actividades que buscaban nuevas realidades que pudieran mostrar otras visiones. En el laboratorio consideramos que como arquitectos y como críticos, no resulta super uo aprender a ver más, a oír más, a sentir más y a pensar más4. El edificio elegido para el curso 2010-2011 fue la “Casa da Musica” de Oporto, proyecto de OMA-Rem Koolhaas, siendo el texto que se convirtió en referencia para la primera aproximación el titulado “Otra Modernidad” de Rafael Moneo. Texto en el que se describe el proyecto como encarnación de los nuevos atributos de la arquitectura contemporánea5. “Otra Modernidad” entendida desde la Modernidad, como frontera considerada por Antonio Miranda como referente de progreso y faro de toda acción arquitectónica. Modernidad como anhelo de una sociedad nueva más justa.

Nanoinformatics: a new area of research in nanomedicine

Over a decade ago, nanotechnologists began research on applications of nanomaterials for medicine. This research has revealed a wide range of different challenges, as well as many opportunities. Some of these challenges are strongly related to informatics issues, dealing, for instance, with the management and integration of heterogeneous information, defining nomenclatures, taxonomies and classifications for various types of nanomaterials, and research on new modeling and simulation techniques for nanoparticles. Nanoinformatics has recently emerged in the USA and Europe to address these issues. In this paper, we present a review of nanoinformatics, describing its origins, the problems it addresses, areas of interest, and examples of current research initiatives and informatics resources. We suggest that nanoinformatics could accelerate research and development in nanomedicine, as has occurred in the past in other fields. For instance, biomedical informatics served as a fundamental catalyst for the Human Genome Project, and other genomic and ?omics projects, as well as the translational efforts that link resulting molecular-level research to clinical problems and findings.

Identifying the semantics of eligibility criteria of clinical trials based on relevant medical ontologies

An important objective of the INTEGRATE project1 is to build tools that support the efficient execution of post-genomic multi-centric clinical trials in breast cancer, which includes the automatic assessment of the eligibility of patients for available trials. The population suited to be enrolled in a trial is described by a set of free-text eligibility criteria that are both syntactically and semantically complex. At the same time, the assessment of the eligibility of a patient for a trial requires the (machineprocessable) understanding of the semantics of the eligibility criteria in order to further evaluate if the patient data available for example in the hospital EHR satisfies these criteria. This paper presents an analysis of the semantics of the clinical trial eligibility criteria based on relevant medical ontologies in the clinical research domain: SNOMED-CT, LOINC, MedDRA. We detect subsets of these widely-adopted ontologies that characterize the semantics of the eligibility criteria of trials in various clinical domains and compare these sets. Next, we evaluate the occurrence frequency of the concepts in the concrete case of breast cancer (which is our first application domain) in order to provide meaningful priorities for the task of binding/mapping these ontology concepts to the actual patient data. We further assess the effort required to extend our approach to new domains in terms of additional semantic mappings that need to be developed.

Accessing advanced computational resources in Africa through Cloud Computing

Low resources in many African locations do not allow many African scientists and physicians to access the latest advances in technology. This deficiency hinders the daily life of African professionals that often cannot afford, for instance, the cost of internet fees or software licenses. The AFRICA BUILD project, funded by the European Commission and formed by four European and four African institutions, intends to provide advanced computational tools to African institutions in order to solve current technological limitations. In the context of AFRICA BUILD we have carried out, a series of experiments to test the feasibility of using Cloud Computing technologies in two different locations in Africa: Egypt and Burundi. The project aims to create a virtual platform to provide access to a wide range of biomedical informatics and learning resources to professionals and researchers in Africa.

Evaluación de la sostenibilidad de proyectos con lógica borrosa

La sostenibilidad constituye un criterio esencial para evaluar la calidad de un proyecto. En este sentido este trabajo presenta el desarrollo de una metodología y un programa para la evaluación de la sostenibilidad social, económica y medio-ambiental de proyectos para llegar a conseguir una evaluación global de sostenibilidad de dichos proyectos. Tradicionalmente los estudios y evaluación de proyectos se realizan sólo desde el punto de vista económico. Se aplica la lógica borrosa a cada uno de los cálculos que se realizan en el análisis global de la sostenibilidad: valoración de indicadores, la evaluación cuantitativa y cualitativa del impacto que produce un proyecto en los diferentes factores medioambientales, sociales y económicos. Cabe destacar que dependiendo del tipo de proyecto se tendrá un peso de cada indicador y de cada factor distinto. Se ha tomado como base la normativa existente para la evaluación del impacto ambiental

Influencia de los estilos de vida físicamente activos y sedentarios en la percepción subjetiva de la salud y el bienestar de la juventud española

La presente comunicación se enmarca en un estudio financiado por el Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD) (Ref. 007/UPB10/12). Uno de los objetivos específicos del estudio, en el que se basa la comunicación, es ampliar el conocimiento sobre la influencia de los estilos de vida físicamente activos y sedentarios en la percepción subjetiva de la salud y el bienestar de la juventud española.

Influence of the semantic content of urban sounds in the identity of outer spaces

This paper shows the influence of the semantic content of urban sounds in the subjective evaluation of outer spaces. The study is based on the analysis conducted in three neighboring and integrated urban spaces with a different form of social ownership in the city of Cordoba, Argentina. It shows that the type of sound source present at each site influence, by its semantic content, in the user´s identification and permanence in the place. The noise present in a soundscape is able to have a high semantic content, and therefore the sound has a particular meaning for the perceiver. Every particular social group influences the production of their own sounds and how they perceive them. This allows to consider the sound as one of the factors that define the sense of "place" or "no place" of a certain urban space. Evidently the sounds, and their ability to evoke and characterize the environment, cannot be ignored in the construction and recovery of anthropological sites. This urban culture is unique and specific to every society. Thepublic spaces, with their soundscape, are part of the construction of the urban identity of a city. It is shown that for identical general sound levels present in each of the spaces, the level of annoyance or discomfort, in relation to the subjective acoustic quality, is different. This is the result of the influence of semantic content of the sounds present in each urban space. Coinciding with other similar research, the level of discomfort or annoyance decreases as the presence of natural sounds such as water, the wind in the trees or the birds singing increases, even when the objective values of noise level of natural sounds are higher.

Relationship between objective and subjective indicators in urban soundscape analysis. The case of Cordoba - Argentina

This paper presents the main results of a comparative evaluation of some acoustical parameters with the user´s perception of urban sounds. The study was carried out in three open spaces integrated with different environmental characteristics but similar objective conditions of urban noise. The subjective evaluation was done by means of a survey simultaneously with the objective measurements. The results of the crossed analysis confirmed that in environments with similar noise levels not always exists direct correlation between the objetive indicators and the acoustic comfort of the people. To predict the acustical quality of the soundscape it is necessary to consider aspects such as the background noise and the perception of natural or technological sounds as complements of the general sound level.

Nanoinformatics knowledge infrastructures: bringing efficient information management to nanomedical research

Nanotechnology represents an area of particular promise and significant opportunity across multiple scientific disciplines. Ongoing nanotechnology research ranges from the characterization of nanoparticles and nanomaterials to the analysis and processing of experimental data seeking correlations between nanoparticles and their functionalities and side effects. Due to their special properties, nanoparticles are suitable for cellular-level diagnostics and therapy, offering numerous applications in medicine, e.g. development of biomedical devices, tissue repair, drug delivery systems and biosensors. In nanomedicine, recent studies are producing large amounts of structural and property data, highlighting the role for computational approaches in information management. While in vitro and in vivo assays are expensive, the cost of computing is falling. Furthermore, improvements in the accuracy of computational methods (e.g. data mining, knowledge discovery, modeling and simulation) have enabled effective tools to automate the extraction, management and storage of these vast data volumes. Since this information is widely distributed, one major issue is how to locate and access data where it resides (which also poses data-sharing limitations). The novel discipline of nanoinformatics addresses the information challenges related to nanotechnology research. In this paper, we summarize the needs and challenges in the field and present an overview of extant initiatives and efforts.

Implementación del modelo RIM de HL7 v3 en orientación a objetos y su uso en procesos de interoperabilidad semántica

El trabajo ha sido realizado dentro del marco de los proyectos EURECA (Enabling information re-Use by linking clinical REsearch and Care) e INTEGRATE (Integrative Cancer Research Through Innovative Biomedical Infrastructures), en los que colabora el Grupo de Informática Biomédica de la UPM junto a otras universidades e instituciones sanitarias europeas. En ambos proyectos se desarrollan servicios e infraestructuras con el objetivo principal de almacenar información clínica, procedente de fuentes diversas (como por ejemplo de historiales clínicos electrónicos de hospitales, de ensayos clínicos o artículos de investigación biomédica), de una forma común y fácilmente accesible y consultable para facilitar al máximo la investigación de estos ámbitos, de manera colaborativa entre instituciones. Esta es la idea principal de la interoperabilidad semántica en la que se concentran ambos proyectos, siendo clave para el correcto funcionamiento del software del que se componen. El intercambio de datos con un modelo de representación compartido, común y sin ambigüedades, en el que cada concepto, término o dato clínico tendrá una única forma de representación. Lo cual permite la inferencia de conocimiento, y encaja perfectamente en el contexto de la investigación médica. En concreto, la herramienta a desarrollar en este trabajo también está orientada a la idea de maximizar la interoperabilidad semántica, pues se ocupa de la carga de información clínica con un formato estandarizado en un modelo común de almacenamiento de datos, implementado en bases de datos relacionales. El trabajo ha sido desarrollado en el periodo comprendido entre el 3 de Febrero y el 6 de Junio de 2014. Se ha seguido un ciclo de vida en cascada para la organización del trabajo realizado en las tareas de las que se compone el proyecto, de modo que una fase no puede iniciarse sin que se haya terminado, revisado y aceptado la fase anterior. Exceptuando la tarea de documentación del trabajo (para la elaboración de esta memoria), que se ha desarrollado paralelamente a todas las demás. ----ABSTRACT--- The project has been developed during the second semester of the 2013/2014 academic year. This Project has been done inside EURECA and INTEGRATE European biomedical research projects, where the GIB (Biomedical Informatics Group) of the UPM works as a partner. Both projects aim is to develop platforms and services with the main goal of storing clinical information (e.g. information from hospital electronic health records (EHRs), clinical trials or research articles) in a common way and easy to access and query, in order to support medical research. The whole software environment of these projects is based on the idea of semantic interoperability, which means the ability of computer systems to exchange data with unambiguous and shared meaning. This idea allows knowledge inference, which fits perfectly in medical research context. The tool to develop in this project is also "semantic operability-oriented". Its purpose is to store standardized clinical information in a common data model, implemented in relational databases. The project has been performed during the period between February 3rd and June 6th, of 2014. It has followed a "Waterfall model" of software development, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards through its phases. Each phase starts when its previous phase has been completed and reviewed. The task of documenting the project‟s work is an exception; it has been performed in a parallel way to the rest of the tasks.

Caracterización del Paisaje Sonoro y su Interacción con el Paisaje Urbano

En esta investigación se aborda el tema de los paisajes sonoros urbanos a partir del análisis de doce espacios públicos abiertos de la Ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina) tomados como casos de estudio, buscando definir e interrelacionar los indicadores objetivos que pueden caracterizar el paisaje sonoro y su relación con componentes físicos del paisaje. En una primera etapa, la investigación se orienta a profundizar en el estudio de las variables que influyen en la percepción acústica de los espacios exteriores, los tipos de fuentes sonoras y el nivel de aceptación que las mismas producen en los usuarios. El estudio se ha realizado por medio de encuestas y mediciones objetivas, destinadas a reconocer paisajes sonoros cuyo contenido semántico puede ser de importancia para la identidad de los habitantes y detectar las fuentes sonoras involucradas. El proceso de análisis cruzado realizado entre los datos objetivos y subjetivos permitió identificar los descriptores acústicos que se pueden interrelacionar con la respuesta de los usuarios para definir la calidad de un paisaje sonoro. En paralelo a las mediciones de nivel de ruido se realizaron registros de audio de los intervalos, de cuyo procesamiento posterior se pudieron deducir parámetros psicoacústicos que complementan los descriptores acústicos anteriores, y que en conjunto son utilizados para describir objetivamente la calidad sonora de los espacios urbanos. En el proceso se seleccionaron aquellos descriptores que se evidencian como significativos y con mejor correlación con los niveles de calidad del paisaje sonoro, adoptando en este trabajo la sonoridad, la nitidez, la relación LCeq-LAeq y la diferencia L10-L90. Cada uno de los parámetros describe o refleja un aspecto característico de un ambiente sonoro de alta calidad o “hi-fi”, como la presencia de sonidos con posible contenido semántico (nitidez), la presencia o no de bajas frecuencias y la relación figura-fondo de los escenarios sonoros. En la investigación se observa que, si bien existe una correlación de estos indicadores con la calidad sonora de los espacios, la misma no es lineal. Por el contrario, la importancia o influencia relativa dependen de las interrelaciones que se producen entre los parámetros estudiados, quedando en evidencia la dificultad de aplicar una metodología de análisis basada en la lógica clásica. Como alternativa se aplica un modelo de análisis y correlación de los parámetros con la calidad sonora basada en los postulados de la lógica difusa, observando que se logra una aproximación muy ajustada a la respuesta subjetiva de los habitantes. Este ajuste alcanzado entre los resultados del modelo y la respuesta subjetiva de los usuarios permite confirmar el modelo borroso como una herramienta efectiva para el estudio, no solo de los paisajes sonoros, sino también para aquellas situaciones donde los parámetros objetivos deben ser relacionados con la respuesta subjetiva de los usuarios.

Diseño e implementación de una herramienta para el reconocimiento automático de términos compuestos dentro de vocabularios biomédicos

En los vocabularios biomédicos actuales más utilizados, suelen existir mecanismos de composición de términos a partir de términos pre-existentes. Estos mecanismos de composición aumentan la potencia de los lenguajes que los poseen pero parten con la desventaja de la posibilidad de representar un mismo concepto con diferentes conceptos base, lo que incluye un componente de ambigüedad en los mismos. Este trabajo de fin de grado consiste en la realización de una herramienta que permita reconocer términos de estos vocabularios biomédicos complejos, es decir, vocabularios con términos compuestos por otros términos como puede ser el caso de SNOMED. Con la consecución de este proyecto, obtendremos una herramienta capaz de identificar las ambigüedades presentes en la representación de estos conceptos compuestos y representar de una forma homogénea dichos conceptos. Para favorecer la interoperabilidad y accesibilidad de la herramienta se ha decidido ofrecerla mediante una interfaz web accesible desde cualquier dispositivo o lugar con acceso a internet. ---ABSTRACT---In the latest and most used biomedical languages, we usually and term composition operations from existing terms. These mechanisms increase the utility of those terminologies they belong to. Despite this, these operations present a disadvantage, that is, the possibility of representing the same concept with diferent base concepts which introduces a certain degree of ambiguity in those complex terms. The objective of this final degree project consists in developing a tool that allows recognizing terms from those complex biomedical vocabularies, that is, terminologies with terms comprised of simpler terms such as SNOMED. By completing this project, we obtained a tool capable of identifying the present ambiguities in the representation of those composite concepts and represent them in a homogenous format. To facilitate the interoperability and accessibility of the tool it was decided to other it through a web interface loadable from any place or device with access to the internet.