Report of the baseline survey undertaken on the Chinese cage site in Napoleon Gulf, Northern Lake Victoria, 12 March 2012

The government of the People's Republic of China through a 2007 agreement with the Government of the Republic of Uganda, has establishment of an Agricultural Technology Demonstration Center (ATDC). The first phase covering the building of aquaculture infrastructure at Kajjansi ARDC is complete and the second operation phase has started in which facilities for cage culture have been set up in the Napoleon gulf, northern Lake Victoria near Jinja. The cage facility is aimed at boosting fish farming within the lake as a diversification to the traditional pond fish culture technology. NaFIRRI scientists as well as Chinese experts undertook a baseline survey in the chosen cage site on 12 March 2012. The survey covered determination of water depth, water transparency, measurement of selected physical-chemical parameters (temperature,dissolved oxygen, conductivity and pH; determination of the nutrient status and study of algae, invertebrate and fish communities at the site. Materials and methodologies used in the survey were based on the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) of NaFIRRI. The study area was divided into three study sites. Site 1 (upstream) was at 8.9 metre depth while site 2 (proposed cage site) and site 3 (downstream) were 6 and 4.3 metres deep respectively. Water transparency was lowest at site 1 (1.58 m) and highest at site 3 (1.64 m). Dissolved oxygen at the three sites ranged from 6.0 to 8 mg/I. Water temperature profiles fluctuated within narrow limits between 26.5 and 27.5 DC. Measurements of pH were between 7 (neutral) and 8 (alkaline) while electrical conductivity was between 98 and 101 uS/em. These observed physical-chemical parameters at the study site were considered suitable for cage fish rearing purposes. Nitrite-nitrogen levels varied within narrow limits from 0.043 to 0.0453 mgtl. Similarly, Ammonia-nitrogen varied between 0.015 and 0.0185 mg/1. Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) level was highest at site 3 (O.012mgll) compared to that at sites 1 and 2 (0.009mgll). Total suspended solids (TSS) were higher at site 1 (83.3mgll), thereafter decreasing to lower levels at sites 2 (24.8mgtl) and 3 (19.8mgl) respectively. The nutrient level results observed here all fall below the maximum permissible limits by NEMA and therefore the site is recommended for cage culture The algal community was constituted by four major groups: Blue greens,Greens, Cryptophytes, and Diatoms with blue greens as the common and dominant group. High algal biomass (19944961 ugtL) of the dominant blue green algae was observed at site 1 compared site 2 and 3 (58655.2 & 27487. 7 ugtL) respectively. Occurrence of toxicin producing algae: microsytis and cylindrospermopsis in the proposed cage area was considered to be of not much significance as their concentrations were below harmful levels. However, monitoring their presence, biomass and seasonality will be critical in order to follow when and where they occur and at what time of the year for ease of management of the cages

藏鸡线粒体全基因组序列的测定和分析

通过PCR扩增,测序,拼接,获得藏鸡(Tibetan Chicken)线粒体全基因组序列并进行数据分析处理.藏鸡线粒体全基因组序列全长16 783 bp,共有13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个D-loop区.模拟电子酶切结果显示,藏鸡Dra Ⅰ酶的酶切结果和先前报道的原鸡,茶花鸡,尼西鸡和大理漾濞黄鸡的酶切结果都不相同,为藏鸡特有.基于D-loop区全序列和13个蛋白质编码基因序列,采用N-J算法与原鸡属4个种,3个亚种和3个家鸡品系构建系统进化树:初步确定藏鸡起源于红原鸡,与家鸡中的来航鸡、白洛克鸡亲缘关系最近,但是藏鸡的进化与来航鸡、白洛克鸡这两个家鸡品系又显得相对独立.推测可能原因是藏鸡的祖先在进入高原以后处于相对封闭的环境,从而形成了独特群体遗传特性.

SPME-HPLC法测定水中的酚类化合物

采用固相微萃取(SPME)高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定了水中苯酚、4-硝基酚、3-甲基酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚、五氯酚等六种酚类化合物的含量.采用ZORBOX SB-C18柱,以甲醇-1%乙酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min.紫外检测波长为254、280 nm.六种酚类化合物的检出限为0.31～1.90μg/L,加标回收率为88%～103%.该方法操作简单,能快速、准确地检测水中的酚类化合物.

制备式等电聚焦鉴定湖南产五步蛇蛇毒磷脂酶A_2的等电点及纯度

制备式等电聚焦测得湖南产五步蛇蛇毒磷脂酶Ａ２为单一的吸收峰（ＯＤ２８０），等电点为５．３２，证明了作者前报道的纯化的磷脂酶Ａ２为纯品

云南西南部地区黑长臂猿(Hylobates concolor)群构成、生态和行为的初步 研究

被观察的猿群各种群均生活于海拔2000—2700米的中山山地湿性常绿阔叶林 中, 以无量山数量最多, 约117—144群。猿群属小群体, 平均3.0±1.4只(N=12, 范围=2-5), 为一夫一妻制。日活动时间达576±30min, 其中鸣叫占3%; 游走 占14%; 取食占33%; 休息占50%; 日行程平均795±153米; 家域约44—49公顷, 平均每天利用7.4公顷。图4表3参18

鲤科鱼类鲈鲤的亚种分化和分布

鲈鲤属原记载1种、2亚种,现增加1亚种:后背鲈鲤P.pingiretrodorslissubsp,nov.背鳍后位,吻部及口裂较宽,触须发达,体色、斑纹较浅。健游、肉食足该属分化的倾向。其性状分化表现在:背鳍起点位置,体色花纹,触须长短,比例性状的差别,前上、下颌骨的形态等。从分化图看,在水系及地域的联合上,各占一方,是物种分化久证据。图4参3

四种灵长类肘关节的生物力学研究

对懒猴、猕猴、叶猴和长臂猿的肘关节形态、功能、前臂伸、屈肌肌肉电生 理的研究结果表明, 动物运动的特征, 主要取决于关节本身的形态结构。骨骼 关节在运动中所受的压力越小, 其灵活性就越大。四种灵长类肘关节的肌电活动 互相存在相似性和差异性。肱肌的近侧点指数、肱桡肌的止点指数和肱三头肌 内侧头的起点指数可作为 鉴定4个种的主要依据。图3表5参24

Ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture integrated into optical waveguides

We report an on-chip integrated ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) waveguide structure suitable for telecommunication applications. Single gaps with different widths of 5, 10, and 20 μ m inside individual silica waveguides were filled with an FLC mixture. The waveguide devices operate as a binary switch or an attenuator in a temperature range from 30 °C to 60 °C. The FLC mixture exhibited a good alignment quality in these gaps without alignment layers. A good extinction ratio of up to 33.9 dB and a low insertion loss of <4.3 dB at λ = 1550 nm were observed. Switching times of <100 μs were obtained for the low electric fields applied in this experiment. © 2012 IEEE.

饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白对异育银鲫生长、代谢及免疫功能的影响

本实验评价了饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉蛋白后对异育银鲫的生长、饲料利用、氮代谢和鱼体免疫力等的影响。实验设计4种等氮等能的饲料,每种3个重复,分别以豆粕替代饲料中鱼粉蛋白的0(对照,D1)、20%(D2)、80%(D3)和100%(D4)。实验在半循环水养殖系统持续16周,鱼的初重约2.32g,实验期间水温23—30℃。结果表明,随着饲料中豆粕含量的升高,摄食率显著升高(p<0.05),特定生长率、饲料转化效率、蛋白沉积率和能量沉积率显著降低(p<0.05);蛋白表观消化率显著升高,干物质和能量表观消化率则显著降

中国东北蓝藻门伪枝藻属分类及生态分布研究

研究了东北地区伪枝藻属的分类分布和生态分布,共鉴定出东北地区伪枝藻属植物30种,1个变种,其中包括我国新纪录种3个,新种3个。分析了该属藻类原植体的结构形态,并总结出伪枝藻属单种群落的4种原植体形态以及伪枝藻形成多种类混合型群落的3种主要类型。探讨了伪枝藻组成特征及其与陆地生态系统相关生态因子的联系,编写了东北地区伪枝藻属的分类检索表。

一株异养硝化细菌的分离鉴定及其亚硝化作用研究

从复合垂直流人工湿地表层基质中分离出一株硝化活性较强的异养硝化细菌H-1,进行biolog菌种鉴定,鉴定系统中没有与该菌株特性相似的数据记录。16SrDNA的序列分析结果显示,菌株H-1与产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)粪产碱杆菌(A.faecalis)有98%相似性,认为分离菌株H-1可能为Alcaligenes A.faecalis。通过4因素3水平的正交试验,结果显示,当温度为30℃,pH为7.5,接种量为107CFU,溶氧2.25mg·L-1时,该菌株亚硝化反应效果最佳;影响亚硝化反应效果的因

Syllable language models for Mandarin speech recognition: exploiting character language models.

Mandarin Chinese is based on characters which are syllabic in nature and morphological in meaning. All spoken languages have syllabiotactic rules which govern the construction of syllables and their allowed sequences. These constraints are not as restrictive as those learned from word sequences, but they can provide additional useful linguistic information. Hence, it is possible to improve speech recognition performance by appropriately combining these two types of constraints. For the Chinese language considered in this paper, character level language models (LMs) can be used as a first level approximation to allowed syllable sequences. To test this idea, word and character level n-gram LMs were trained on 2.8 billion words (equivalent to 4.3 billion characters) of texts from a wide collection of text sources. Both hypothesis and model based combination techniques were investigated to combine word and character level LMs. Significant character error rate reductions up to 7.3% relative were obtained on a state-of-the-art Mandarin Chinese broadcast audio recognition task using an adapted history dependent multi-level LM that performs a log-linearly combination of character and word level LMs. This supports the hypothesis that character or syllable sequence models are useful for improving Mandarin speech recognition performance.