快速渗滤土地处理系统对城市生活污水中N、P去除的优化研究

为了探索城市生活污水中N、P去除,在实验室内采用混合土为介质,以均匀设计原理为指导,进行模拟人工快速渗滤系统对城市生活污水中N、P的去除。研究不同介质配比,淹水时间,湿干比3种因素组合对污水处理的最优运行模式。试验结果表明:通过选取混合土为介质及以上3个参数是可行的;通过回归统计得出最优模型。

黄芪幼苗N,P,K营养缺乏症状和生理特性研究

黄芪是我国重要的传统大宗药材,以豆科紫云英属植物膜荚黄芪Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)或蒙古黄芪A.membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.Var.mongolicusBge.Hsiao.的干燥根系入药[1],具有补中益气、降压利尿、排脓消痈、脱毒生肌、滋养肌肤等多种功效,现代临床及药理研究证明,黄芪还有增强肌体免疫功能,促进抗体合成等作用,有关黄芪的药理活性及其有效成分已得到了较为深入的研究[2-4],随着黄芪市场需求量的增加,野生黄芪资源已难以满足需求,人工栽培黄芪受到重视,并且初具规模。田间栽培黄芪的营养特性和施肥管理是人工栽培质量和产量的理论基础。有关氮磷钾化肥用量及其比例对黄芪生长及产量的影响已有一些研究[5,6],但由于黄芪生长中的营养元素比例不平衡现象时常发生,至于某一种营养元素缺乏时黄芪的外观特征表现,目前尚未见报道,出现缺素症状时难以判断,限制对黄芪及时进行营养调控,对人工栽培黄芪的质量与产量产生影响。本研究的目的是研究黄芪生长中的营养缺乏时的外观表现特征和生理特性变化。本试验采用溶液培养的方法,在氮、磷、钾营养元素缺乏条件下,对黄芪的生长发育状况、营...

土壤保肥-供肥机理及其调节Ⅰ.棕壤型菜园土的P素保持与供应

对辽宁省北部、中部及南部的棕壤型菜园土１５对肥、瘦地的保Ｐ供Ｐ性能的测定表明，在绝大多数供试土样中，肥地及其各粒级微团聚体的全Ｐ量、Ｐ解吸量及Ｐ解吸率均大于瘦地及其各相应粒级微团聚体的，Ｐ吸附量则相反．不论肥地或瘦地，＜１０μｍ微团聚体均比＞１０μｍ微团聚体具有更大的Ｐ吸附能力．供试菜园土的＜１０μｍ微团聚体亦具有较大的供Ｐ潜势，其Ｐ解吸率比其他农用土壤相同粒级微团聚体的大１个数量级．

易旱地区褐土P、Zn形态转化特点及其与持续农业的关系

采用田间微区试验和分级提取测定的方法研究了褐土中Ｐ、Ｚｎ形态转化问题．发现褐土中Ｃａ２－Ｐ和Ｃａ８－Ｐ是转化最活跃的Ｐ素形态．而且Ｃａ８－Ｐ的流通容量很大，可超过作物需Ｐ量９倍以上；在Ｚｎ的各种形态中转化最活跃的是ＥＸ－Ｚｎ和ＣＡＲＢ－Ｚｎ，其中ＣＡＲＢ－Ｚｎ的流通容量亦很大，可超过作物需Ｚｎ量１９倍以上．Ｃａ８－Ｐ库和ＣＡＲＢ－Ｚｎ库形成了褐土中调控Ｐ、Ｚｎ养分供蓄以适应旱地水分波动的主要机构．合理施肥和培肥土壤以丰富Ｃａ８－Ｐ和ＣＡＲＢ－Ｚｎ库将有利于增强作物抵御干旱能力，提高水分养分利用效率，促使旱地农业持续向高产优质高效方向发展．

杂种樱桃(P.avium×P.pseudocerasus)叶片离体再生体系的建立

以先锋与对樱桃的种间杂交种F8的组培苗为试材进行离体再生,研究建立了F8叶片再生体系,以WPM为基本培养基,附加6-BA及IAA的培养基芽再生效果最好,在1~7 mg/L 6-BA、0.5~3.0 mg/L IAA的浓度组合中,离体叶片均可以再生。其中3.0 mg/L 6-BA+2.0 mg/L IAA组合叶片离体再生效果最好,再生频率可达90%,叶片平均再生芽数可达5.22个。

P(AA-DAC)两性聚电解质水凝胶的合成及性质

以丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为单体,采用水溶液聚合法制备了P(AA-DAC)聚电解质水凝胶.采用红外光谱和核磁共振等方法对其结构进行了表征.研究了不同组成比的聚电解质水凝胶在去离子水、不同pH值溶液以及不同离子强度盐溶液中的溶胀行为

Two novel triphenylamine-substituted poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives: synthesis, photo- and electroluminescent properties

Two novel triphenylamine-substituted poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives, P1 and P2, have been successfully synthesized through the Witting-Horner reaction. The structures and properties of the monomers and the resulting polymers were characterized by using H-1 NMR, FT-IR, GPC, TGA, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electroluminescence (EL) spectroscopy

Guest inducing p-sulfonatocalix[4] arene into three-dimensional capsule architecture and a mixed A-B double layer framework

The reactions of sodium p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (Na5L) and terbium/europium(III) chloride in the presence of pyrazine-N,N'-dioxide (PNNO) in aqueous solutions gave the crystalline complexes 1 and 2. Both structures contain molecular capsules of p-sulfonatocalix[4] arene with PNNO as guest molecules in the cavity of the calix[4]arenes. The molecular capsules are connected through sodium and terbium (or europium) centers forming a three-dimensional framework.

Constructing channel structures based on the assembly of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene nanocapsules and [M(bpdo)(3)](2+)(M = Cu, Zn)

Novel channel structures based on [M(bpdo)(3)](2+) and p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene nanocapsules have been established; these are sustained exclusively by charge-assisted pi...pi interactions and sorption experiments show the porous materials have selective guest sorption properties.

Self-assembly of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and a Ag-hmt coordination polymer into a porous structure

A novel porous material constructed from p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene molecules and a Ag-I coordination polymer has been structurally characterized. The porous supramolecular complex features a bilayer arrangement of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene molecules linked by a Ag-I-hmt (hmt: hexamethylene- tetramine) coordination polymer through metal-ligand bonding, hydrogen bonding and host-guest interactions.

Molecular weight dependence of phase Behavior of PEO/P(EO-b-DMS) blends: Application of Sanchez-Lacombe lattice fluid theory

Molecular weight dependence of phase separation behavior of the Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)/Poly(ethylene oxide-block-dimethylsiloxane) (P(EO-b-DMS)) blends was investigated by both experimental and theoretical methods. The cloud point curves of PEO/P(EO-b-DMS) blends were obtained by turbidity method. Based on Sanchez-Lacombe lattice fluid theory (SLLFT), the adjustable parameter, epsilon*(12)/k (quantifying the interaction energy between different components), was evaluated by fitting the experimental data in phase diagrams. To calculate the spinodals, binodals, and the volume changes of mixing for these blends, three modified combining rules of the scaling parameters for the block copolymer were introduced.