[Lettre autographe signée de Giuseppe Verdi (sans lieu ni date)]

Destinataire non identifié. - Comprend aussi 2 lignes de la main de Joséphine Verdi

[Lettre autographe signée de Giuseppe Verdi (sans lieu ni date)]

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[Lettre autographe signée de Giuseppe Verdi (sans lieu ni date)]

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[Lettre autographe signée de Giuseppe Verdi (sans lieu ni date)]

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[Lettre autographe signée de Giuseppe Verdi (sans lieu ni date), (1847)]

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[Lettre autographe signée de Giuseppe Verdi (sans lieu ni date)]

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[Lettre autographe signée de Giuseppe Verdi (sans lieu ni date)]

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[Lettre autographe signée de Giuseppe Verdi (sans lieu ni date)]

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Heat capacity measurements on the equiatomic compounds in Ni-X (X = Al, In, Si, Ge and Bi) and M-Sb (with M = Ni, Co and Fe) systems

Molar heat capacities of the binary compounds NiAl, NiIn, NiSi, NiGe, NiBi, NiSb, CoSb and FeSb were determined every 10 K by differential scanning calorimetry in the temperature range 310-1080 K. The experimental results have been fitted versus temperature according to C-p = a + b . T + c . T-2 + d . T-2. Results are given, discussed and compared to estimations found in the literature. Two compounds, NiBi and FeSb, are subject to transformations between 460 and 500 K. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mineralogy of the clay fraction of Alfisols in two slope curvatures: III - spatial variability

A good knowledge of the spatial distribution of clay minerals in the landscape facilitates the understanding of the influence of relief on the content and crystallographic attributes of soil minerals such as goethite, hematite, kaolinite and gibbsite. This study aimed at describing the relationships between the mineral properties of the clay fraction and landscape shapes by determining the mineral properties of goethite, hematite, kaolinite and gibbsite, and assessing their dependence and spatial variability, in two slope curvatures. To this end, two 100 × 100 m grids were used to establish a total of 121 regularly spaced georeferenced sampling nodes 10 m apart. Samples were collected from the layer 0.0-0.2 m and analysed for iron oxides, and kaolinite and gibbsite in the clay fraction. Minerals in the clay fraction were characterized from their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, which were interpreted and used to calculate the width at half height (WHH) and mean crystallite dimension (MCD) of iron oxides, kaolinite, and gibbsite, as well as aluminium substitution and specific surface area (SSA) in hematite and goethite. Additional calculations included the goethite and hematite contents, and the goethite/(goethite+hematite) [Gt/(Gt+Hm)] and kaolinite/(kaolinite+gibbsite) [Kt/(Kt+Gb)] ratios. Mineral properties were established by statistical analysis of the XRD data, and spatial dependence was assessed geostatistically. Mineralogical properties differed significantly between the convex area and concave area. The geostatistical analysis showed a greater number of mineralogical properties with spatial dependence and a higher range in the convex than in the concave area.

Electrochemical As(III) whole-cell based biochip sensor.

The development of a whole-cell based sensor for arsenite detection coupling biological engineering and electrochemical techniques is presented. This strategy takes advantage of the natural Escherichia coli resistance mechanism against toxic arsenic species, such as arsenite, which consists of the selective intracellular recognition of arsenite and its pumping out from the cell. A whole-cell based biosensor can be produced by coupling the intracellular recognition of arsenite to the generation of an electrochemical signal. Hereto, E. coli was equipped with a genetic circuit in which synthesis of beta-galactosidase is under control of the arsenite-derepressable arsR-promoter. The E. coli reporter strain was filled in a microchip containing 16 independent electrochemical cells (i.e. two-electrode cell), which was then employed for analysis of tap and groundwater samples. The developed arsenic-sensitive electrochemical biochip is easy to use and outperforms state-of-the-art bacterial bioreporters assays specifically in its simplicity and response time, while keeping a very good limit of detection in tap water, i.e. 0.8ppb. Additionally, a very good linear response in the ranges of concentration tested (0.94ppb to 3.75ppb, R(2)=0.9975 and 3.75 ppb to 30ppb, R(2)=0.9991) was obtained, complying perfectly with the acceptable arsenic concentration limits defined by the World Health Organization for drinking water samples (i.e. 10ppb). Therefore, the proposed assay provides a very good alternative for the portable quantification of As (III) in water as corroborated by the analysis of natural groundwater samples from Swiss mountains, which showed a very good agreement with the results obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Acteurs sociaux et politique économique : la Colombie entre 1970 et 2000

Commençant par la compréhension du processus de prise de décisions en politique économique, puis par l'étude de la participation des Acteurs Sociaux (AS), pour aboutir à l'éclaircissement de leur rôle en politique économique. Le choix des AS correspond aux facteurs productifs :¦? Travail : Syndicat, Confédérations¦? Capital : Patronat, Groupes économiques¦? Ressources naturelles - inclus l'Economie clandestine¦? Esprit d'entreprise dans tous les AS¦Méthode : analyse institutionnelle, AS comme protagonistes. Contexte latino-américain et mondial (chapitre I), relation avec les Politiques (chapitre II), identification des positionnements face aux Politiques économiques (chapitre III). Etude sur deux périodes :¦1) Front National (FN) (1958-1986). Pacte de partis traditionnels pour l'obtention (non accomplie) de la paix et du développement. Objectif acquis via des politiques adéquates mais sans amélioration du domaine social (politique de revenu absente).¦En conséquence, développement des Cartels surpassant l'Intégration Andine. Echec des tentatives d'Ouverture précoce grâce aux Centrales syndicales (1977) aux Organisations patronales (1981), confirmant le bipartisme; crise de la dette sans cessations de paiements, ni décennie perdue (Colombie) ; développement des AS profitant d'absence de partis d'opposition.¦2) L'Ouverture (1989-2000) : Nouvelle Constitution avec amplifications de l'Etat, réformes financière, des échanges, sans sélectivité ni gradualité demandées par les AS. Emergence du blanchiment.¦Montée en puissance des Groupes économiques au détriment des Organisations patronales, (excepté les industriels), perte du lobbying syndical. Malgré des résultats positifs macro-économiques, les taux de chômage, secteur informel, et pauvreté, situent¦le pays au 2eme rang en concentration du revenu en Amérique latine et au 5eme rang mondial.¦Conclusion : les AS se sont mis en avant dans l'inflation (30% à 8%) et la dévaluation. Par contre, les taux d'intérêt et de change ont provoqué le crédit clandestin et la réévaluation avec ouverture aux importations ; pas de succès non plus sur le déficit fiscal ni la gestion des booms (café, drogues). La plupart des Politiques ont donc été décidées d'après la Banque centrale et le Ministère des finances confirmant la primauté du gouvernement sur les AS durant la période analysée.

90Yttrium-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan Consolidation of First Remission in Advanced-Stage Follicular Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Updated Results After a Median Follow-Up of 7.3 Years From the International, Randomized, Phase III First-Line Indolent Trial.

PURPOSE Updated results are presented after a median follow-up of 7.3 years from the phase III First-Line Indolent Trial of yttrium-90 ((90)Y) -ibritumomab tiuxetan in advanced-stage follicular lymphoma (FL) in first remission. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with CD20(+) stage III or IV FL with complete response (CR), unconfirmed CR (CRu), or partial response (PR) after first-line induction treatment were randomly assigned to (90)Y-ibritumomab consolidation therapy (rituximab 250 mg/m(2) days -7 and 0, then (90)Y-ibritumomab 14.8 MBq/kg day 0; maximum 1,184 MBq) or no further treatment (control). Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) from date of random assignment. Results For 409 patients available for analysis ((90)Y-ibritumomab, n = 207; control, n = 202), estimated 8-year overall PFS was 41% with (90)Y-ibritumomab versus 22% for control (hazard ratio [HR], 0.47; P < .001). For patients in CR/CRu after induction, 8-year PFS with (90)Y-ibritumomab was 48% versus 32% for control (HR, 0.61; P = .008), and for PR patients, it was 33% versus 10% (HR, 0.38; P < .001). For (90)Y-ibritumomab consolidation, median PFS was 4.1 years (v 1.1 years for control; P < .001). Median time to next treatment (TTNT) was 8.1 years for (90)Y-ibritumomab versus 3.0 years for control (P < .001) with approximately 80% response rates to second-line therapy in either arm, including autologous stem-cell transplantation. No unexpected toxicities emerged during long-term follow-up. Estimated between-group 8-year overall survival rates were similar. Annualized incidence rate of myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloblastic leukemia was 0.50% versus 0.07% in (90)Y-ibritumomab and control groups, respectively (P = .042). CONCLUSION (90)Y-ibritumomab consolidation after achieving PR or CR/CRu to induction confers 3-year benefit in median PFS with durable 19% PFS advantage at 8 years and improves TTNT by 5.1 years for patients with advanced FL.

Loop bifurcation and magnetization rotation in exchange-biased Ni/FeF2

Exchange-biased Ni/FeF2 films have been investigated using vector coil vibrating-sample magnetometry as a function of the cooling field strength HFC . In films with epitaxial FeF2 , a loop bifurcation develops with increasing HFC as it divides into two sub-loops shifted oppositely from zero field by the same amount. The positively biased sub-loop grows in size with HFC until only a single positively shifted loop is found. Throughout this process, the negative and positive (sub)loop shifts maintain the same discrete value. This is in sharp contrast to films with twinned FeF2 where the exchange field gradually changes with increasing HFC . The transverse magnetization shows clear correlations with the longitudinal subloops. Interestingly, over 85% of the Ni reverses its magnetization by rotation, either in one step or through two successive rotations. These results are due to the single-crystal nature of the antiferromagnetic FeF2 , which breaks down into two opposite regions of large domains.