Mapeamento do uso da terra, vegetação e impactos ambientais por meio de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento

The mapping of the land use, vegetation and environmental impacts using remote sensing ana geoprocessmg allow detection, spatial representation and quantification of the alterations caused by the human action on the nature, contributing to the monitoring and planning of those activities that may cause damages to the environment. This study apply methodologies based on digital processing of orbital images for the mapping of the land use, vegetation and anthropic activities that cause impacts in the environment. It was considered a test area in the district of Assistência and surroundings, in Rio Claro (SP) region. The methodology proposed was checked through the crossing of maps in the software GIS - Idrisi. These maps either obtained with conventional interpretation of aerial photos of 1995, digitized in the software CAD Overlay and geo-referenced in the AutoCAD Map, or with the application of digital classification systems on SPOT-XS and PAN orbital images of 1995, followed by field observations. The crossing of conventional and digital maps of a same area with the CIS allows to verify the overall results obtained through the computational handling of orbital images. With the use of digital processing techniques, specially multiespectral classification, it is possible to detect automatically and visually the impacts related to the mineral extraction, as well as to survey the land use, vegetation and environmental impacts.

Emprego do reagente de fenton como agente coagulante na remoção de substâncias húmicas de água por meio da flotação por ar dissolvido e filtração

Fenton 's reagent was used as coagulant agent to treat water with high true color (100 ± 5 HU) caused by the introduction of humic substances extracted from peat, using dissolved air flotation. The pair value of coagulant dosage x coagulation pH was optimized to posterior construction of coagulation diagrams, reaching apparent color removal efficiency slightly superior to 60%. It was tried to simulate a treatment with complete cycle, carrying out an experiment with sand filtration after flotation, obtaining an effluent with excellent quality, presenting remnant apparent color, turbidity and absorbance of 253.7 nm less or equal to 2 HU, 0.40 TU and 0.009 cm -1, respectively, and residual total iron < 0.005 mg/L and DOC < 0.001 mg/L.

Crescimento e sobrevivência do camarão-rosa (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) na fase de berçário em meio heterotrófico

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of a heterotrophic rearing media (microbial flocs) on the growth and survival of Farfantepenaeus paulensis reared in the nursery phase. For 30 days, F. paulensis post-larvae (0.019 ± 0.01g) were reared in nine 40-liter plastic tanks at the density of 500 post-larvae m -2. Three treatments with three replicates each were used: rearing in the presence of microbial flocs with ration supply (FLOC + R); rearing in the sole presence of flocs - no ration supplied (FLOC); and rearing in clear water plus with ration supply (AC + R). The presence of microbial flocs had no significant effect on growth and survival in the nursery rearing of F. paulensis.

Meio de cultura e tipo de explante no estabelecimento in vitro de espécies de maracujazeiro

Brazil is one of the main centers of genetic variability dispersion of the Passiflora genera. Its self incompatibility as well as disease incidence in its leaves and root system and, deforestation and monocultivation, promote loss of genetic material. Considering the risk of genetic erosion, the conservation of the variability in germplasm banks, which is of great interest in plant breeding, is necessary. Studies regarding the type of expiant and concentration of the culture media are necessary in order to determine protocols of establishment and in vitro conservation of passion-fruit germplasm. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the influence of the salt and nutrient concentration in the MS culture medium and types of expiants in the establishment and growth of the Passion fruit species: Passiflora giberti N. E.Brown, P. edulis Sims and P. laurifolia L. Each Passiflora species presented its own characteristics regarding in vitro development. The complete MS medium and nodal segments the second axilliary bud promoted better development of the genotypes studied.

Comportamento cinético do cloro livre em meio aquoso e formação de subprodutos da desinfecção

One indirect approach to predict the disinfection by-product (DBP) formation potential for a given water source is by evaluation of the kinetic behavior of free chlorine in the liquid phase and chlorine demand determination for different operation conditions of the chlorination process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the kinetic behavior of free chlorine in water or a number of different raw water sources, as well as to investigate the impact of the coagulation process on chlorine demand reduction and DBP formation. It was observed that the higher the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency through coagulation, the lower the liquid phase chlorine demand. Regarding trihalomethane (THM) formation, a ratio of 28 ug/L formed per mg/L of applied chlorine was observed for the waters employed in the experimental investigation.

Avaliação comparativa da eficácia de fitoterápicos e produtos químicos carrapaticidas no controle do boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) por meio do biocarrapaticidograma

The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of plant extracts and chemical products for the control of Boophilus microplus. Three commercial products for the control of Boophilus microplus were in vitro evaluated, chemical compounds of cypermethrin + DDVP and organophosphate as recomended by the manufacturer, and also four plant extracts, Azadirachta indica (1%), Cymbopogon densiflorus, Lippia alba and Ipomoea asarifolia at different concentrations. The results showed that the chemical compounds tested had efficacy lower than 95% against the Boophilus microplus samples in the experiment. The extracts of all plants have shown some biological activity in the mortality of ingurgitated females and inhibition of egg crash, however the extract of Azadirachta indica presented efficacy higher than 95% in all tested concentrations, being the best sample tested in this experiment.

Uma reflexão a meio caminho: dois anos de conversibilidade

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Estado físico do meio de cultura na propagação in vitro de bromeliaceae

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the physical state of the culture medium on the behavior in vitro of the bromeliaceas Neoregelia cruenta, Tillandsia stricta, Vriesea gigantea, V. guttata e V. incun/ata. Micropropagated shoots had been cultivated in culture medium MS, with 30 g sucrose, 2,5 mg dm-3 BAP, and 0,5 mg dm-3 ANA, establishing the treatments: T1- half-solid with 7 g agar; T2- static liquid; T3- liquid under-agitation of 90 rpm; and T4-static liquid with bridge of paper filter. After 30 days, the use of static way of liquid culture presented better results in relation of proliferative average rate in all the species (9.4 shoots in N. cruenta, 5.6 in T. stricta, 11.5 in V. gigantea, 9.2 in V. guttata and 3.9 in V. incurvata). In relation the average height of the shoots, was distinguished for N. cruenta the liquid under-agitation (2.83 cm), T. stricta and V. incurvata the semisolid (1.76 cm and 2.02 cm, respectively) and V. gigantea and V. guttata the static liquid (0.61 cm and 1.48 cm, respectively). The use of medium MS static liquid was more suitable for in vitro culture of bromeliads species studied.

Comportamento exploratório de potros e éguas mediante a introdução de novos objetos em seu meio

Exploratory behavior is done by animals to increase their interaction to the environment after be stimulated by curiosity, when animal feels that is in a secured place. The objective of this study was to evaluate exploratory behavior of foals front of introduction of new objects in their environment. Four foals and mares were observed in seven day sections of 60 minutes each one, always with a new object. No differences were verified about frequencies of looking, going to or touching into foals and mares. Total time of touching was 45,6 minutes, divided in 64 touches, mainly in first 20 minutes of each observation. However there is no statistical difference into solitary or impaired approaches and in impaired approaches there is no differences into foals or mares initiatives, foals done more solitary approaches than mares. Four animals touched the objects in first place, suggesting predisposition to this position based in individual differences. So, we concluded that new objects can stimulate similarly foals and mares to exhibit exploratory behavior, but foals show more manipulation activity, suggesting that are more curious than mares and predisposition to touch objects first depends of individual differences.

Uso do AHP na avaliação do desempenho do sistema de gestão da qualidade, meio ambiente e segurança e saúde ocupacional integrados

The paper analyses the application of the AHP method together with the attach A of ISO 9004:2000 in order to evaluate the performance of two industrial organizations, both possessing quality management systems with ISO 9001:2000 certifications, based on the specific requirements of quality, environment, occupational health and management systems. The evaluated organizations were a government-owned company from the science and technology sector that works in the nuclear area, and a private company that works in the automotive and railroad area. The open software Web-Hipre version 1.22 from Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, was used. The results demonstrated that the AHP method together with the attach A of ISO 9004:2000 is adequate to evaluate organizational performances. Both organizations presented similar performance levels.

Estimativa do tempo de produção de chorume em aterro controlado por meio de medidas de resistividade elétrica

Landfill is an engineering work that aims at to accommodate residues in the smallest possible space in the soil, with minimum damages to the environment and the public health. One in the constructive forms of a controlled landfill is the excavation of ditches with appropriate dimensions, for disposition of solid residues without compactation or impermeabilization. Liquid effluents generated for similar volumes of residues, disposed in ditches with ages different from closing, it should result in physical and chemical alterations you correlated at the time of residence materials. With base in this hypothesis, measures of electric resistivity were accomplished through the of Eletrical Resistivity geophysical method, on residues ditches closed annually between 12/2001 and 12/2007, localized in control landfill of the Cordeirópolis city (SP). The leachate is a liquid effluent generated by the decomposition of organic matter and characterized by high content in total dissolved solids, whose interaction with geological environment results in alterations in terms of electrical resistivity susceptible to detection for the geophysical instrumental. The results suggest a resistivity reduction for leachate percolation produced for ditches recently and increase progressive of the resistivity for older ditches. The statistical comparative analysis with reference values for the area suggests ages of the finish production and percolation leachate for soil and rock below the ditches.

Efeito materno sobre a curva de crescimento de ovinos Santa Inês por meio de modelos de regressão aleatória

Data set of 17.767 weight records of 4.210 Santa Inês lambs were used aiming to evaluate the importance of the inclusion of the maternal effect in the model to estimate components of (Co) variance and resulting genetic parameters for the growth curve through random regression models. The fixed and random regressions were fitted using Legendre Polynomials of order three, being fit four models that differed in relation to the inclusion of the additive genetic and permanent environmental maternal effects. Considerable increase was observed in Log L and decrease in the criteria AIC and BIC when the maternal effect was included (genetic or permanent environmental), evidencing its importance. The maternal genetic effect explained larger proportion of the phenotypic variance than the maternal permanent environmental along the growth curve. The direct additive genetic variance was inflated by maternal effect, when this last one was not considered in the analysis model, reflecting the same behavior in the heritabilities. The maternal permanent environmental effect contributed to maternal variance, as well as, it inflated maternal genetic variance, when it was not considered in the model. Similar behavior was verified with maternal heritability. The correlation estimated for the four models hardly differed in function of maternal effect. The maternal effect should be considered in the genetic studies of the growth curve of Santa Inês sheep.

Aplicação da eletrorresistividade na caracterização do meio hidrogeológico na cidade de JI-paraná (RO)

The Ji-Paraná city (RO) it doesn't possess public system of collection and treatment of sewers, being the waters residuárias produced by the local population thrown at sewages. Traditionally, many inhabitants use wells amazon extracted underground water or tubular shallow in the urban zone. The study accomplished in the Nova Brasília neighborhood for Silva (2009) revealed that the local aquifer is strongly contaminated for nitrate, originated of the decomposition of the organic matter deposited at the sewages local maidservants. With the objective of detecting areas with high concentrations originating from organic compositions of septic sewages, geophysical risings were accomplished, later related with analyses physical-chemistries in samples of groundwaters obtained in several wells installed in the Nova Brasília neighborhood, besides of soil samples descriptions in zone not saturated obtained in wells. The results obtained by the geophysical rehearsals they reveal that the polluting feather not migrates through the zone saturated, arriving with relative easiness to the aquifer, reaching in some points, superior depth to 34 m reached by the geoelectrical profiling.

Dissimilaridade genética e análise de trilha de cultivares de soja avaliada por meio de descritores quantitativos

In addition to the evaluations among genotypes, the use of multivariate techniques enables to restrict errors, mainly concerning genetic diversity, and therefore to predict combinations with greater heterotic effect, and the greater possibility of recovery of superior genotypes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence between 18 soybean cultivars based on six morphological characteristics. Path analysis was performed to verify the contribution of direct and indirect characters on grain yield. The Mahalanobis distance has founded techniques of both Tocher Method and dendrogram by Single Linkage. Five different groups were formed: with nine genotypes considered similar among them; while the cultivars CEP 59, Netuno and Urano formed groups isolated by the two grouping methods. The path analysis showed that the indirect characters had little influence on grain yield, with significant direct relationship with mass of 100 grain, and cultivars Tertulha and CEP 53 standing out with grain yields above 3.7 t.ha-1.