Tachycardia is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events in the value trial

Objective: Tachycardia is associated with hypertension and is a predictor of cardiovascular events. The predictive effect of tachycardia might reflect its connection with hypertension. In this analysis of 15,245 VALUE study patients we explore whether tachycardia predicts cardiovascular endpoints in high risk hypertension and whether the in-trial blood pressure lowering modified the tachycardia - related risk. Methods: Heart rate from ECG readings at baseline and annually throughout the trial. Results: In the Cox Regression analysis the primary endpoint hazard ratio for a 10 beats per minute increment of baseline heart rate was 1.16 (1.12-1.2) p < 0.0001, 1.17 (1.13-1.22) p < 0.0001 and 1.22 (1.18-1.27) p < 0.0001 unadjusted, adjusted for baseline blood pressure and for blood pressure plus risk factors, respectively. Primary endpoints strikingly increased in the highest quintile of baseline heart rate (=/>79 beats). Primary endpoints in the highest heart rate quintile were 30 % higher in first, 55 % in second, 55 % in third, 52 % in fourth and 46 % in the fifth year of the study. The in-trial heart rate was also a potent predictor. The primary endpoint hazard ratios of highest heart rate quintile versus pooled lower 4 quintiles was (1.34-1.66) p < 0.0001 unadjusted, 1.52 (1.36-1.69) p <0.0001 adjusted for baseline blood pressure and risk factors and 1.52 (1.36-1.69) p < 0.0001 further adjusted for in trial pressure. The increase of primary events in the upper quintile of in-trial heart rate was 68% in the group with good and 63% in the group with inadequate blood pressure control (both p < 0.0001 by log rank test). Conclusions: 1./ Tachycardia is a short term marker and a long term predictor of adverse event in high risk hypertension. 2./ Tachycardia contributes to the residual cardiovascular risk regardless of the degree of BP control. We hypothesize heart rate lowering with appropriate drugs may further decrease the cardiovascular risk in patients with high risk hypertension and tachycardia.

A randomized trial of glutamine and antioxidants in critically ill patients.

BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients have considerable oxidative stress. Glutamine and antioxidant supplementation may offer therapeutic benefit, although current data are conflicting. METHODS: In this blinded 2-by-2 factorial trial, we randomly assigned 1223 critically ill adults in 40 intensive care units (ICUs) in Canada, the United States, and Europe who had multiorgan failure and were receiving mechanical ventilation to receive supplements of glutamine, antioxidants, both, or placebo. Supplements were started within 24 hours after admission to the ICU and were provided both intravenously and enterally. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Because of the interim-analysis plan, a P value of less than 0.044 at the final analysis was considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: There was a trend toward increased mortality at 28 days among patients who received glutamine as compared with those who did not receive glutamine (32.4% vs. 27.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 1.64; P=0.05). In-hospital mortality and mortality at 6 months were significantly higher among those who received glutamine than among those who did not. Glutamine had no effect on rates of organ failure or infectious complications. Antioxidants had no effect on 28-day mortality (30.8%, vs. 28.8% with no antioxidants; adjusted odds ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.40; P=0.48) or any other secondary end point. There were no differences among the groups with respect to serious adverse events (P=0.83). CONCLUSIONS: Early provision of glutamine or antioxidants did not improve clinical outcomes, and glutamine was associated with an increase in mortality among critically ill patients with multiorgan failure. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00133978.).

Early intensification and autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with systemic AL amyloidosis: a single-centre experience.

Primary systemic amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) continues to have a very poor prognosis. Most therapeutic strategies remain unsatisfactory. Conventional chemotherapy is known to offer at best only moderate efficacy. Several studies have yielded higher complete response rates after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in addition to improving outcomes in a subgroup of patients. However, the superiority of an intensive approach in AL amyloidosis has not been confirmed in a randomised trial. The precise role of ASCT remains unclear. We report our experience in 16 patients diagnosed with AL amyloidosis and treated in a multidisciplinary approach with high-dose melphalan and ASCT. Median age was 59 (39-71) years. The kidneys were predominantly affected in 75% of cases; two or more organs were affected in 38%. Median time from diagnosis to transplantation was 2 (1-4) months. Three patients (19%) developed acute renal failure and required transient dialysis. Transplant-related mortality was 6% after 100 days. Haematological complete response (CR) was obtained in nine (56%) and organ response in six (38%) patients. Nine out of 12 patients (75%) with kidney involvement exhibited a sustained clinical benefit at 12 months. Half of all the patients (n = 8) were alive after a median follow-up of 33 months, including two in continuous CR. This suggests that high-dose chemotherapy and ASCT are still valid treatment options in AL amyloidosis and that a significant number of patients with renal involvement might benefit from this approach.

Who eats healthily ? A population based study among young Swiss residents

Rapport de synthèseCette recherche s'intéresse à investiguer d'une part si les résidents en Suisse entre 15 et 24 ans suivent les recommandations nutritionnelles actuelles et d'autre part, s'il y a des différences entre ceux en surpoids et ceux en poids normal. Les données sont tirées de l'Enquête Suisse sur la Santé ESS 2007. Pour notre étude, seules les 1813 personnes âgées entre 15 et 24 ans ont été sélectionnées.Dans une première analyse bivariée, l'adhérence aux recommandations alimentaires a été comparée entre hommes et femmes. Les quantités proposées par le questionnaire ESS sont: 1 à 2 portions de fruits, 3 portions de légumes et 3 portions de produits laitiers par jour, ainsi qu'un maximum de 5 portions de viande et au moins une portion de poisson par semaine. Ces quantités sont en accord avec les recommandations de la Société Suisse de Nutrition.L'adhérence aux recommandations alimentaires est plutôt basse quelque soit le genre, en particulier pour les légumes et les produits laitiers. Les femmes ont tendance à manger les quantités recommandées de fruits, légumes et viande, tandis que les hommes ont tendance à manger la quantité recommandée de produits laitiers. Pour le poisson aucune différence n'a été observée entre personnes du sexe opposé.Ensuite, les personnes en surpoids ont été comparées dans une analyse bivariée aux personnes en poids normal, en fonction du sexe. Plusieurs facteurs ont été considérés: participation à une activité physique avec essoufflement pendant au mois 20 minutes et au moins 4 jours par semaine, attitude envers leur poids corporel (satisfaction avec le poids, désir de perdre du poids et régime suivi pour perdre du poids), consommation d'alcool, de cigarettes et présence d'un état dépressif majeur. Finalement, des facteurs potentiellement confondants (âge, nationalité et lieu de domicile) ont été inclus dans une analyse multivariée.Concernant l'adhérence aux recommandations alimentaires, la seule différence significative est une consommation de légumes plus basse chez les femmes en surpoids. Seulement 4.2% des femmes en surpoids mangent 3 portions de légumes ou plus par jour comparé à 18.1% des femmes avec un poids normal. La consommation de produits laitiers est très basse dans tous les groupes, seulement environ 10% des répondants mangent les 3 portions recommandées de produits laitiers.Pour le niveau d'activité physique, aucune différence significative n'a été observée. L'analyse bivariée montre que les femmes en surpoids mangent moins de légumes, sont moins satisfaites de leur corps et ont plus souvent suivi un régime pour perdre du poids. Cependant elles ne souhaitent pas plus souvent perdre du poids en comparaison des femmes en poids normal. Les hommes en surpoids sont moins satisfaits de leur corps, désirent plus souvent perdre du poids, mais n'ont pas plus souvent suivi un régime que les hommes ayant un poids normal.Ces résultats montrent qu'il est difficile de suivre les recommandations alimentaires pour les 15-24 ans. Une recherche plus approfondie est nécessaire afin de déterminer comment ces recommandations pourraient être mieux adaptées à la vie quotidienne des jeunes. La faible consommation de produits laitiers est préoccupante, vu que la période entre l'adolescence et l'âge adulte est un moment crucial pour le développement de la densité osseuse. De nouvelles stratégies doivent être trouvées pour améliorer la consommation de produits laitiers chez les jeunes. Comme le comportement alimentaire et l'attitude envers le poids corporel diffèrent beaucoup selon le sexe, les programmes de prévention de surpoids devraient cibler les jeunes spécifiquement par sexe.

"Tractatus de jure triumphi apud Romanos.

"Antonius Favereau a.d. 1588 perscripsit cum primo Clarom. Ordinis praesset M. Julius Bulengerus"

IDH2 mutations are frequent in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) occur in most grade 2 and 3 gliomas, secondary glioblastomas, and a subset of acute myelogenous leukemias but have not been detected in other tumor types. The mutations occur at specific arginine residues and result in the acquisition of a novel enzymatic activity that converts 2-oxoglutarate to D-2-hydroxyglutarate. This study reports IDH1 and IDH2 genotyping results from a set of lymphomas, which included a large set of peripheral T-cell lymphomas. IDH2 mutations were identified in approximately 20% of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITLs), but not in other peripheral T-cell lymphoma entities. These results were confirmed in an independent set of AITL patients, where the IDH2 mutation rate was approximately 45%. This is the second common genetic lesion identified in AITL after TET2 and extends the number of neoplastic diseases where IDH1 and IDH2 mutations may play a role.