Manual de uso del software Ocean Data View (ODV)

El presente manual de uso del software de visualización de datos “Ocean Data View” (ODV) describe la exploración, análisis y visualización de datos oceanográficos según el formato de la colección mundial de base de datos del océano “World Ocean Database” (WOD). El manual comprende 6 ejercicios prácticos donde se describe paso a paso la creación de las metavariables, la importación de los datos y su visualización mediante mapas de latitud, longitud y gráficos de dispersión, secciones verticales y series de tiempo. Se sugiere el uso extensivo del ODV para la visualización de datos oceanográficos por el personal científico del IMARPE.

Operaciones de pesca con chinchorro manual en Huacho, 2003

En las playas de Atahuanca, Lobiños y Playa Chica de Huacho, del 24 de febrero al 2 de marzo 2003, se desarrolló la pesca con chinchorro manual, la captura total fue 312,77 kg, correspondiendo a lisa el mayor porcentaje (39,55%). La CPUE varió entre 500 kg.h-1 y 8,77 kg.h-1. El rango de tallas varió para lisa entre 22 y 39 cm, mismis entre 11 y 31 cm; la correlación entre longitud y peso fue altamente significativa para lisa con r=0,961 y mismis r=0,997. Las correlaciones de los parámetros de longitud y el perímetro a la marca de la red registraron valores significativos con un r = 0,961 para la lisa y r = 0,973 para el mismis. Las hembras de lisa estuvieron en estadio III (26,32%) y II (21,05%) y los machos en estadio II y IV (15,79%). Las hembras de mismis estuvieron en estadio III (7,41%) y los machos en estadios IV (44,44%) y V (18,52%). Las operaciones de pesca experimental se efectuaron a 6 m de profundidad. La presencia de los recursos costeros est uvo asociada a un rango de 17,1 a 17,4 °C.

Pesca exploratoria con redes chinchorro manual en la región Lambayeque

La pesca exploratoria se realizó del 26 de mayo al 5 de junio del 2009, efectuando 15 lances de pesca para evaluar el comportamiento del chinchorro manual. Se usó redes con copos convencionales de malla diamante de 50 mm y malla cuadrada de 60 mm y, una red con sobrecopo de 25 mm de malla. Del total de la captura el 73% fue bagre (Galeichthys peruvianus) y 12% lisa (Mugil cephalus). El bagre fue retenido en el copo (95%) con talla media de 27 cm y la captura de lisa fue por agallamiento en la sección de las alas de la red (92%) con talla media de 30 cm. El chinchorro es un arte de pesca que presenta baja selectividad debido a la diversidad de especies capturadas en estado juvenil y madurante (e.g. bagre).

Comportamiento y respuesta selectiva de la red manual chinchorro en Huarmey-Áncash

El estudio se realizó en otoño (30 de abril al 9 de mayo) e invierno (5 al 14 de julio) del 2009 con la finalidad de evaluar el comportamiento y respuesta selectiva de la red manual chinchorro manual en la zona de Huarmey - Región Áncash. Se realizaron 28 lances de pesca en las zonas de El Huaro, Culebras, Tuquillo, Huanchaquito, y para calamar en El Castillo, Gramadal, Las Zorras. La red manual chinchorro está dirigida a la pesquería multiespecífica, la composición de la capturas fue mayor en el copo (83% fase I, 92% fase II), seguido de las alas (13% fase I, 2% fase II) y el sobrecopo (4% fase I, 6% fase II), las principales especies capturadas fueron Doryteuthis gahi, Sciaena deliciosa, Odontesthes regia, Urotrygon asterias, Paralichthys adspersus, Mugil cephalus, Scomber japonicus. De las especies capturadas que cuentan con una talla mínima legal de captura (TMC), se registró más de 65% de ejemplares juveniles, lo que es un indicador de la baja respuesta selectiva y del impacto negativo al ecosistema.

Iowa Construction Site Erosion Control Manual, 2006

The purpose of this Iowa manual is to serve as a guide, provide solutions, and offer suggestions on construction sites to comply with Iowa's current soil erosion and storm water runoff regulations. This need is particularly important when land undergoes a land use change. Information provided in this manual will be helpful to land owners, developers, consultants, contractors, planners, local government, as well as the general public. This manual is intended to provide techniques that will meet the mandates of current legislation. Innovations that will benefit the user and still provide effective control are encouraged.

Metacognitive training for schizophrenia: a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

A psychotherapeutic approach for schizophrenia is now recommended as an adjuvant for psychopharmacology, since antipsychotic medications only have a partial impact especially as regards positive symptoms and insight. In addition, cognitive distortions and the lack of metacognitive skills might increase positive symptoms leading to poor social functioning. This underlines the need for specific approaches which target cognitive processes relevant for insight, and abilities in metacognition. Metacognitive training (MCT) is a structured group intervention, which enhances a patient's reflection on cognitive biases and improves problem-solving. The aim of our study was to assess MCTs' short term impact on insight, symptoms and quality of life. Fifty patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders and persistent positive symptoms (delusions or hallucinations) were enrolled in the study. After baseline assessment participants were randomised either to supportive therapy or MCT. Both groups used the same design (1h-session twice a week during 8weeks) although the basic knowledge given to participants was different between interventions. Participants were assessed at eight weeks based on the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales, the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and the Quality of Life Scale. Between-group differences were significant in favour of MCT on the PANSS positive scale. Between-group differences in post- and pre-test values showed a trend in favour of MCT for insight on hallucinations. Results of our study indicate that the MCT has an effect on reducing positive symptomatology, and a trend impact on insight and social functioning.

Increasing lactate turnover rate during exercise by means of altitude training and fructose ingestion : effects on substrate metabolism and endurance performance

Summary : With regard to exercise metabolism, lactate was long considered as a dead-end waste product responsible for muscle fatigue and a limiting factor for motor performance. However, a large body of evidence clearly indicates that lactate is an energy efficient metabolite able to link the glycolytic pathway with aerobic metabolism and has endocrine-like actions, rather than to be a dead-end waste product. Lactate metabolism is also known to be quickly upregulated by regular endurance training and is thought to be related to exercise performance. However, to what extent its modulation can increase exercise performance in already endurance-trained subjects is unknown. The general hypothesis of this work was therefore that increasing either lactate metabolic clearance rate or lactate availability could, in turn, increase endurance performance. The first study (Study I) aimed at increasing the lactate clearance rate by means of assumed interaction effects of endurance training and hypoxia on lactate metabolism and endurance performance. Although this study did not demonstrate any interaction of training and hypoxia on both lactate metabolism and endurance performance, a significant deleterious effect of endurance training in hypoxia was shown on glucose homeostasis. The methods used to determine lactate kinetics during exercise exhibited some limitations, and the second study did delineate some of the issues raised (Study 2). The third study (Study 3) investigated the metabolic and performance effects of increasing plasma lactate production and availability during prolonged exercise in the fed state. A nutritional intervention was used for this purpose: part of glucose feedings ingested during the control condition was substituted by fructose. The results of this study showed a significant increase of lactate turnover rate, quantified the metabolic fate of fructose; and demonstrated a significant decrease of lipid oxidation and glycogen breakdown. In contrast, endurance performance appeared to be unmodified by this dietary intervention, being at odds with recent reports. Altogether the results of this thesis suggest that in endurance athletes the relationship between endurance performance and lactate turnover rate remains unclear. Nonetheless, the result of the present study raises questions and opens perspectives on the rationale of using hypoxia as a therapeutic aid for the treatment of insulin resistance. Moreover, the results of the second study open perspectives on the role of lactate as an intermediate metabolite and its modulatory effects on substrate metabolism during exercise. Additionally it is suggested that the simple nutritional intervention used in the third study can be of interest in the investigation on the aforementioned roles of lactate. Résumé : Lorsque le lactate est évoqué en rapport avec l'exercice, il est souvent considéré comme un déchet métabolique responsable de l'acidose métabolique, de la fatigue musculaire ou encore comme un facteur limitant de la performance. Or la littérature montre clairement que le lactate se révèle être plutôt un métabolite utilisé efficacement par de nombreux tissus par les voies oxydatives et, ainsi, il peut être considéré comme un lien entre le métabolisme glycolytique et le métabolisme oxydatif. De plus on lui prête des propriétés endocrines. Il est connu que l'entraînement d'endurance accroît rapidement le métabolisme du lactate, et il est suggéré que la performance d'endurance est liée à son métabolisme. Toutefois la relation entre le taux de renouvellement du lactate et la performance d'endurance est peu claire, et, de même, de quelle manière la modulation de son métabolisme peut influencer cette dernière. Le but de cette thèse était en conséquence d'investiguer de quelle manière et à quel degré l'augmentation du métabolisme du lactate, par l'augmentation de sa clearance et de son turnover, pouvait à son tour améliorer la performance d'endurance de sujets entraînés. L'objectif de la première étude a été d'augmenter la clearance du lactate par le biais d'un entraînement en conditions hypoxiques chez des cyclistes d'endurance. Basé sur la littérature scientifique existante, on a fait l'hypothèse que l'entraînement d'endurance et l'hypoxie exerceraient un effet synergétique sur le métabolisme du lactate et sur la performance, ce qui permettrait de montrer des relations entre performance et métabolisme du lactate. Les résultats de cette étude n'ont montré aucun effet synergique sur la performance ou le métabolisme du lactate. Toutefois, un effet délétère sur le métabolisme du glucose a été démontré. Quelques limitations de la méthode employée pour la mesure du métabolisme du lactate ont été soulevées, et partiellement résolues dans la seconde étude de ce travail, qui avait pour but d'évaluer la sensibilité du modèle pharmacodynamique utilisé pour le calcul du turnover du lactate. La troisième étude a investigué l'effet d'une augmentation de la lactatémie sur le métabolisme des substrats et sur la performance par une intervention nutritionnelle substituant une partie de glucose ingéré pendant l'exercice par du fructose. Les résultats montrent que les composants dynamiques du métabolisme du lactate sont significativement augmentés en présence de fructose, et que les oxydations de graisse et de glycogène sont significativement diminuées. Toutefois aucun effet sur la performance n'a été démontré. Les résultats de ces études montrent que la relation entre le métabolisme du lactate et la performance reste peu claire. Les résultats délétères de la première étude laissent envisager des pistes de travail, étant donné que l'entraînement en hypoxie est considéré comme outil thérapeutique dans le traitement de pathologies liées à la résistance à l'insuline. De plus les résultats de la troisième étude ouvrent des perspectives de travail quant au rôle du lactate comme intermédiaire métabolique durant l'exercice ainsi que sur ses effets directs sur le métabolisme. Ils suggèrent de plus que la manipulation nutritionnelle simple qui a été utilisée se révèle être un outil prometteur dans l'étude des rôles et effets métaboliques que peut revêtir le lactate durant l'exercice.

Consultoria del procés de logística interna del laboratori d'anàlisis clíniques a l'Hospital General de Vic

Com a resultat de les politiques i estratègies de col·laboració entre la universitat de Vic i de l’hospital i de la voluntat de realitzar activitats formatives conjuntes , s’estableix un línia de treball orientada a l’estudi i anàlisi de la situació logística interna actual del laboratori d’anàlisis clíniques de l’Hospital General de Vic. El treball es centra en el procés intern del laboratori i l’abast de l’estudi es troba limitat a les àrees especifiques d’hematologia i coagulació i bioquímica. D’aquestes dues àrees el treball realitza un estudi exhaustiu del seu procés intern, identifica les seves activitats i la seva metodologia de treball amb l’objectiu d’elaborar el Value Stream Map de cadascuna de les àrees. Les àrees de Microbiologia, Banc de Sang i Urgències resten fora d’aquest estudi exhaustiu tot i que són presents en el treball per la inevitable interacció que tenen en la globalitat del procés. El treball es centra bàsicament en els processos automatitzats tot i que els processos que es duen a terme en el laboratori són tant automatitzats com manuals. També es limita al sistema productiu intern del laboratori tot i la interacció que té aquest sistema intern amb altres centres productius del sistema com ara són els centres d’atenció primària, els diversos hospitals i centres d’atenció sociosanitària. El laboratori es troba immers en el moment de l’elaboració d’aquest treball en un situació de canvi i millora del seus processos interns que consisteixen principalment en la substitució de part la maquinària actual que obliguen a la definició d’un nou layout i d’una nova distribució de la producció a cada màquina. A nivell extern també s’estan produint millores en el sistema informàtic de gestió que afecten a part del seu procés. L’objectiu del treball és donar visibilitat total al procés de logística interna actual del laboratori, identificant clarament com són i quina seqüència tenen els processos logístics interns i els mètodes de treball actuals, tant de recursos màquina com recursos persona, per poder identificar sota una perspectiva de generació de valor, aquells punts concrets de la logística interna que poden ser millorats en quant a eficiència i productivitat amb l’objectiu que un cop identificats es puguin emprendre accions i/o projectes de millora. El treball finalitza amb un anàlisis final del procés logística interna des d’una òptica Lean. Per fer-ho, identifica aquelles activitats que no aporten valor al procés o MUDA i les classifica en set categories i es realitzen diverses propostes de millora com són la implantació d’un flux continu , anivellat i basat en un concepte pull , identifica activitats que poden ser estandarditzades i/o simplificades i proposa modificacions en les infraestructures físiques per donar major visibilitat al procés. L’aspecte humà del procés es planteja des d’un punt de vist de metodologia, formació, comunicació i aplicació de les 5S.

The Smiling Project: development of a new program for gait and balance training

Introduction: The SMILING project, a multicentric project fundedby the European Union, aims to develop a new gait and balance trainingprogram to prevent falls in older persons. The program includes the"SMILING shoe", an innovative device that generates mechanical perturbationwhile walking by changing the soles' inclination. Induced perturbationschallenge subjects' balance and force them to react to avoidfalls. By training specifically the complex motor reactions used to maintainbalance when walking on irregular ground, the program will improvesubjects' ability to react in situation of unsteadiness and reduce theirrisk of falling. Methods: The program will be evaluated in a multicentric,cross-over randomized controlled trial. Overall, 112 subjects (aged≥65 years, ≥1 falls, POMA score 22-26/28) will be enrolled. Subjectswill be randomised in 2 groups: group A begin the training with active"SMILING shoes", group B with inactive dummy shoes. After 4 weeksof training, group A and B will exchange the shoes. Supervised trainingsessions (30 minutes twice a week for 8 weeks) include walkingtasks of progressive difficulties.To avoid a learning effect, "SMILINGshoes" perturbations will be generated in a non-linear and chaotic way.Gait performance, fear of falling, and acceptability of the program willbe assessed. Conclusion: The SMILING program is an innovative interventionfor falls prevention in older persons based on gait and balancetraining using chaotic perturbations. Because of the easy use of the"SMILING shoes", this program could be used in various settings, suchas geriatric clinics or at home.

Training and accreditation in cardiovascular magnetic resonance in Europe: a position statement of the working group on cardiovascular magnetic resonance of the European Society of Cardiology.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has become an established imaging modality which provides often unique information on a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) training curriculum reflects the emerging role of CMR by recommending that all trainees obtain a minimum level of training in CMR and by defining criteria for subspecialty training in CMR. 1 The wider use of CMR requires the definition of standards for data acquisition, reporting, and training in CMR across Europe. At the same time, training and accreditation in all cardiac imaging methods should be harmonized and integrated to promote the training of cardiac imaging specialists. The recommendations presented in this document are intended to inform the discussion about standards for accreditation and certification in CMR in Europe and the discussion on integrated imaging training. At present, the recommendations in this position statement are not to be interpreted as guidelines. Until such guidelines are available and nationally ratified, physicians will be able to train and practice CMR according to current national regulations.

Robotic Gait Training Is not Superior to Conventional Treadmill Training in Parkinson Disease: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: The use of robots for gait training in Parkinson disease (PD) is growing, but no evidence points to an advantage over the standard treadmill. METHODS: In this randomized, single-blind controlled trial, participants aged <75 years with early-stage PD (Hoehn-Yahr <3) were randomly allocated to 2 groups: either 30 minutes of gait training on a treadmill or in the Lokomat for 3 d/wk for 4 weeks. Patients were evaluated by a physical therapist blinded to allocation before and at the end of treatment and then at the 3- and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the 6-minute walk test. RESULTS: Of 334 screened patients, the authors randomly allocated 30 to receive gait training with treadmill or the Lokomat. At baseline, the 2 groups did not differ. At the 6-month follow-up, both groups had improved significantly in the primary outcome measure (treadmill: mean = 490.95 m, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 448.56-533.34, P = .0006; Lokomat: 458.6 m, 95% CI = 417.23-499.96, P = .01), but no significant differences were found between the 2 groups (P = .53). DISCUSSION: Robotic gait training with the Lokomat is not superior to treadmill training in improving gait performance in patients with PD. Both approaches are safe, with results maintained for up to 6 months.

Brain dynamics underlying training-induced improvement in suppressing inappropriate action.

Inhibitory control, a core component of executive functions, refers to our ability to suppress intended or ongoing cognitive or motor processes. Mostly based on Go/NoGo paradigms, a considerable amount of literature reports that inhibitory control of responses to "NoGo" stimuli is mediated by top-down mechanisms manifesting ∼200 ms after stimulus onset within frontoparietal networks. However, whether inhibitory functions in humans can be trained and the supporting neurophysiological mechanisms remain unresolved. We addressed these issues by contrasting auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) to left-lateralized "Go" and right NoGo stimuli recorded at the beginning versus the end of 30 min of active auditory spatial Go/NoGo training, as well as during passive listening of the same stimuli before versus after the training session, generating two separate 2 × 2 within-subject designs. Training improved Go/NoGo proficiency. Response times to Go stimuli decreased. During active training, AEPs to NoGo, but not Go, stimuli modulated topographically with training 61-104 ms after stimulus onset, indicative of changes in the underlying brain network. Source estimations revealed that this modulation followed from decreased activity within left parietal cortices, which in turn predicted the extent of behavioral improvement. During passive listening, in contrast, effects were limited to topographic modulations of AEPs in response to Go stimuli over the 31-81 ms interval, mediated by decreased right anterior temporoparietal activity. We discuss our results in terms of the development of an automatic and bottom-up form of inhibitory control with training and a differential effect of Go/NoGo training during active executive control versus passive listening conditions.

Case Management Program For Frail Elders Manual, August 2008

The purpose of this manual is to guide operation of the Case Management Program for Frail Elders. After Background, Program Administration, Definitions, Consumer Eligibility, and Program Standards, the order follows the flow of a consumer entering the pro-gram from referral through ongoing case activities. The manual is written assuming the reader is the Case Manager. The effective date will appear in the bottom left hand corner of each page. This manual will be updated as needed via Iowa Aging Program Instructions (IAPI). This manual is used in conjunction with the Department of Human Services’ manuals which provide more detail about policies and procedures within the Medicaid elderly waiver program.