950 resultados para Labor Relations Training Center (U.S.)


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Issued September 1977.

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Shorelines tend to retreat landward as water levels rise. Less than 20 percent of the shore, lost as Lake Michigan rose between 1967 and 1976, was due to direct inundation; the remaining 80 percent was due to increased erosion in response to the higher lake levels. A simple correlation of lake level change and simultaneous shore retreat ignores the inevitable lag between process and response, but still accounts for 50 percent of the variance in shore retreat. A graphic summary of field data is presented to estimate effects of future lake level changes in similar coastal environments. Qualitative guidance is provided on how and when these estimates should be adjusted to reflect differences in environmental settings. Complete adjustment of the shore will be underestimated by the empirical relationship; but where lake levels change constantly, there will be many such instances of incomplete shore response. (Author).

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New dredge-disposal techniques may serve the dual role of aiding sand by-passing across coastal inlets, and beach nourishment, provided the dredged sediments placed seaward of the surf zone move shoreward into that zone. During the summer of 1976, 26,750 cubic meters of relatively coarse sediment was dredged from New River Inlet, North Carolina, moved down coast by a split-hull barge, and placed in a 215-meter coastal reach between the 2- and 4-meter depth contours. Bathymetric changes on the disposal piles and in the adjacent beach and nearshore area were studied for a 13-week period (August to November 1976) to determine the modification of the surrounding beach and nearshore profile, and the net transport direction of the disposal sediment. The sediment piles initially created a local shoal zone with minimum depths of 0.6 meter. Disposal sediment was coarser (Mn = 0.49 millimeter) than the native sand at the disposal site (Mn = 0.14 millimeter) and coarser than the composite mean grain size of the entire profile (Mn = 0.21 millimeter). Shoaling and breaking waves caused rapid erosion of the pile tops and a gradual coalescing of the piles to form a disposal bar located seaward (= 90 meters) of a naturally occurring surf zone bar. As the disposal bar relief was reduced, the disposal bar-associated breaker zone was restricted to low tide times or periods of high wave conditions.

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"June 1980."

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"October 1980."

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Prepared for U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center.

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"November 1974."

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"October 1965."