Steps to success : family-friendly guide for fourth grade : English language arts

This document is designed to: provide examples of the standards, skills, and knowledge your child will learn in English language arts and should be able to do upon exiting fourth grade ; suggest activities on how you can help your child at home ; offer additional resources for information and help.

Steps to success : family-friendly guide for fourth grade : mathematics

This document is designed to: provide examples of the standards, skills, and knowledge your child will learn in mathematics and should be able to do upon exiting fourth grade ; suggest activities on how you can help your child at home ; offer additional resources for information and help.

Steps to success : family-friendly guide for third grade : mathematics

This document is designed to: provide examples of the standards, skills, and knowledge your child will learn in mathematics and should be able to do upon exiting third grade ; suggest activities on how you can help your child at home ; offer additional resources for information and help.

Steps to success : family-friendly guide for fifth grade : mathematics

This document is designed to: provide examples of the standards, skills, and knowledge your child will learn in mathematics and should be able to do upon exiting fifth grade ; suggest activities on how you can help your child at home ; offer additional resources for information and help.

Steps to success : family-friendly guide for third grade : English language arts

This document is designed to: provide examples of the standards, skills, and knowledge your child will learn in English language arts and should be able to do upon exiting third grade ; suggest activities on how you can help your child at home ; offer additional resources for information and help.

Are You Fit Enough to Make the Grade?

The intent of this project is to determine if a candidate's physical fitness impacts their success academically and physically during training at the South Carolina Criminal Justice Academy. This will be accomplished by comparing the time of the Physical Abilities Test to the numeric written tests scores and the pass rate of the proficiency tests. The averages will be compared to see if there is a trend to prove that one's physical fitness does affect success during their training .

Représentation linguistique chez les étudiants universitaires dans le Trentin-Haut-Adige

Notre étude s’intéresse à la représentation que des étudiants universitaires provenant du nord de l’Italie se font des formes dialectales et des langues minoritaires parlées dans leur région. Notre objectif premier étant de fait, à ce stade de nos recherches, de dégager les représentations que des jeunes citadins instruits se font d’objets linguistiques qui constituent, si nous nous plaçons dans une optique diglossique, la variante basse. Nous pourrions en d’autres termes parler d’une concurrence inégale dans laquelle se trouvent deux langues où nous admettons que l’italien constitue la variété haute et où les dialectes ou langues minoritaires auraient en commun d’être associés à la variété basse.

Alterations of the epigenome in brain cancer: loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine

Abstract : 5-Methylcytosine is an epigenetic mark, which can be oxidized to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in DNA by ten-eleven translocation (TET) oxygenases. It is an initial step in the demethylation of 5mC. Levels of 5hmC is relatively high in the brain compared to other organs, but these levels are known to be significantly reduced during the development of a brain tumor, especially in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, no known mechanisms may fully explain this abnormality. The objectives of my project were to (1) understand the implications of the demethylation pathway mediated by TET, and (2) gain a deeper insight in the epigenetic make-up of brain tumors. (1) U87 cells were incubated with 5mC, 5hmC, 5-formylcytosine (5fC) or co-incubated of 5hmC with 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2’-deoxyuridine (dTHU) over a timeline of 0, 24, 48 and 96 hours. (2) 130 brain tumors (GBM= 79; grade II/III= 51) were obtained directly from surgery and immediately suspended in DNA extraction buffer. Both cell samples and tumor tissues underwent DNA extraction and DNA digestion protocols. The percent per cytosine (%/C) was obtained by quantification of 5mC, 5hmC, 5fC, 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) and 5formyluracil (5fU) using LC-MS/MS. (1) Cellular incubations showed that it is possible to increase levels of 5hmC in DNA, but also a slight increase in 5mC levels throughout the experiment. 5HmC levels dramatically increased by 1.9-fold after 96h. On the other hand, no increase was observed in 5fC levels. Both 5hmC and 5fC incubations were accompanied by high increases in 5hmU and 5fU levels respectively. The addition of dTHU to the 5hmC incubation decreased 5hmU incorporation by 65%. (2) The average levels of 5mC, 5hmC and 5fC, in brain tumors, were 4.0, 0.15 and 0.021 %/C respectively. 5HmU and 5fU levels were present at comparable levels of 5hmC and 5fC. Levels of 5hmC, 5hmU and 5fU were significantly lower in the DNA of GBM specimens. There was a strong correlation between 5mC with 5hmC and 5fC in GBM, but this was absent in low grade tumors. The presence of 5hmU and 5fU in brain tumor and the increase in their levels during cell incubations indicate a deamination activity in these cancerous cells, which may impinge on the cellular levels of 5hmC, in particular. Furthermore, upon the incubations with 5hmC, downstream levels of 5fC did not increase suggesting a TET malfunction. TET activity is maintained in GBMs, but impaired in low grade tumors due to isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) mutations. Therefore, in brain tumors, a strong deamination activity and TET impairment may lead to epigenetic reduction of 5hmC.

One-dimensional Model for Fluids of Third-grade in Tubes with Constant Radius

Our goal in this paper is to extend previous results obtained for Newtonian and secondgrade fluids to third-grade fluids in the case of an axisymmetric, straight, rigid and impermeable tube with constant cross-section using a one-dimensional hierarchical model based on the Cosserat theory related to fluid dynamics. In this way we can reduce the full threedimensional system of equations for the axisymmetric unsteady motion of a non-Newtonian incompressible third-grade fluid to a system of equations depending on time and on a single spatial variable. Some numerical simulations for the volume flow rate and the the wall shear stress are presented.

Specific shear-dependent viscoelastic third-grade fluid model

A specific modified constitutive equation for a third-grade fluid is proposed so that the model be suitable for applications where shear-thinning or shear-thickening may occur. For that, we use the Cosserat theory approach reducing the exact three-dimensional equations to a system depending only on time and on a single spatial variable. This one-dimensional system is obtained by integrating the linear momentum equation over the cross-section of the tube, taking a velocity field approximation provided by the Cosserat theory. From this reduced system, we obtain the unsteady equations for the wall shear stress and mean pressure gradient depending on the volume flow rate, Womersley number, viscoelastic coefficient and flow index over a finite section of the tube geometry with constant circular cross-section.

Into the looking glass: Literacy acquisition and mirror invariance in preschool and first-grade children

At what point in reading development does literacy impact object recognition and orientation processing? Is it specific to mirror images? To answer these questions, forty-six 5- to 7-year-old preschoolers and first graders performed two same–different tasks differing in the matching criterion-orientation-based versus shape-based (orientation independent)-on geometric shapes and letters. On orientation-based judgments, first graders out- performed preschoolers who had the strongest difficulty with mirrored pairs. On shape-based judgments, first graders were slower for mirrored than identical pairs, and even slower than preschoolers. This mirror cost emerged with letter knowledge. Only first graders presented worse shape-based judgments for mirrored and rotated pairs of reversible (e.g., b-d; b-q) than nonreversible (e.g., e-ә) letters, indicating readers’ difficulty in ignoring orientation contrasts relevant to letters.

Communication in the Seventh Grade Classroom

Reflections on communication in the learning process at the level of the seventh year of secondary education based on the methodological and pedagogical approaches, considered in research of a multidisciplinary team of the CIDE of UNA (National University), with the aim of building the “teaching performance profile for the seventh year of Costa Rican education”. It demonstrates the role of teachers to ensure favorable communication links to the learning process, not only to capture the attention and interest of students through varied and systematic motivations, but also by the honesty, openness, personal example and involvement in the task, problems and aspirations of students.

Proposal for Academic Achievement and Permanence of Students in the 7th Grade (1)

This paper analyzes the impact of change processes experienced by many student populations when completing primary education (1st-6th grade) and starting secondary education (7th-11th grade). Based on the research conducted, this paper describes situations and aspects that may result in conditional factors for the student’s adjustment at this level: time-space changes, as well as organizational and dynamic changes that would set the new educational environment and social context in which this new stage will be developed. Such conditional factors that affect learning in incoming students: programs, teaching methodology, learning styles and new evaluation methods will be discussed. As a result of this research, a proposal is presented to facilitate transition from primary to the secondary education. This proposal includes guidelines for awareness and strengthening of pedagogical mediation, which would contribute to the permanence of students from all types of institutions in the education system.  (1) [Translator’s note: The Costa Rican education system is composed of primary education (1st-6th grade) and secondary education (7th-11th grade).]

Teacher’s Role in the Promotion of Two Emotional Intelligence Competencies in Fifth-Grade Children

This paper presents the results of a qualitative study aimed at analyzing the teacher’s role in promoting awareness and management of emotions in fifth-graders, as competencies of emotional intelligence. This resulted in a very significant study since, from the psychopedagogic perspective, it aims at breaking with the traditional role of teachers exclusively focused on transmitting knowledge, leaving aside the much-needed emotional support. Children demonstrated a poor vocabulary, as well as difficulty to identify some emotions and differentiate between them. This means a limitation for children to be aware of their own emotions and to control them.  As a conclusion, it is important to maximize the emotional capacities of students; it should be a primary task in the education centers, where teachers play a key role as a model and as a promoter of emotional intelligence.

Study of low grade temperature CCHP systems for the realization of zero power buildings

Combined Cooling Heat and Power Generation (CCHP) or trigeneration has been considered worldwide as a suitable alternative to traditional energy systems in terms of significant energy saving and environmental conservation. The development and evaluation of a solar driven micro-CCHP system based on a ORC cogenerator and an Adsorption Chiller (AC) experimental prototypes has been the focus of this PhD research. The specific objectives of the overall project are: • To design, construct and evaluate an innovative Adsorption Chiller in order to improve the performances of the AC technology. • To thermodynamically model the proposed micro-scale solar driven CHP system and to prove that the concept of trigeneration through solar energy combined with an organic Rankine turbine cycle (ORC) and an adsorption chiller (AC) is suitable for residential applications.