Uusia tutkimuksia ja tulkintoja maorien kristillistämisestä ja tutkimuksen metodisista haasteista

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Uusia näkökulmia Melanchthonin ajatteluun ja toimintaan

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

A complete map of the southern continent

Nimeketiedot nimiönkehyksissä

A complete map of the southern continent

Nimeketiedot nimiönkehyksissä

A map of Marco Polo's voyages & travels in the 13th century through a great part of Asia, all Tartary, the East India islands & part of Africa

Nimeketiedot nimiönkehyksissä

Miten esihistoria ohjaa nykyajan tutkimusta?

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Comparison of the neurobiological effects of attribution retraining group therapy with those of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of attribution retraining group therapy (ARGT) with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Subjects were sequentially recruited and randomized into two groups, one receiving ARGT (n = 63) and the other SSRIs (n = 66) for 8 weeks. Fifty-four ARGT outpatients with MDD (n = 19), GAD (n = 19), and OCD (n = 16) and 55 SSRI outpatients with MDD (n = 19), GAD (n = 19), and OCD (n = 17) completed the study. All subjects were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale before and after treatment. The 10-item Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was employed only for OCD subjects. Plasma levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone were also measured at baseline and 8 weeks after completion of treatment. Symptom scores were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in both the ARGT and SSRI groups at the end of treatment. However, MDD, GAD and OCD patients in the ARGT group had significantly lower plasma cortisol concentrations compared to baseline (P < 0.05), whereas MDD and OCD patients receiving SSRIs showed significantly increased plasma levels of serotonin (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that ARGT may modulate plasma cortisol levels and affect the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis as opposed to SSRIs, which may up-regulate plasma serotonin levels via a different pathway to produce an overall improvement in the clinical condition of the patients.

PREDICTING DIFFUSIVITIES IN DENSE FLUIDS

In this work the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) perturbation theory coupled with the Enskog’s solution of the Boltzmann equation for dense hard-sphere fluids is employed for estimating diffusion coefficients in compressed pure liquids and fluids and dense fluid mixtures. The effect of density correction on the estimation of diffusivities is analyzed using the Carnahan-Starling pair correlation function and the correlation of Speedy and Harris which have been proposed as models of self-diffusion coefficient of hard-sphere fluids. The approach presented here is based on the smooth hard-sphere theory without any binary adjustable parameters and can be readily used for estimating diffusivities in multicomponent fluid mixtures. It is shown that the correlated and the predicted diffusivities are in good agreement with the experimental data and much better than estimates of Wilke-Chang equation.

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in newly diagnosed patients with Human immunodeficiency virus in Ilorin, Nigeria

AbstractIntroduction:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) the causative agent of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an important cause of renal diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. There is paucity of studies on the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with HIV/AIDS in the North-Central zone of Nigeria.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study of 227 newly-diagnosed, antiretroviral naïve patients with HIV/AIDS seen at the HIV clinic of the Medical Out-patient Department (MOPD) of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH). They were matched with 108 control group. Laboratory investigations were performed for the participants. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) > 30 mg/g.Results:There were 100 (44%) males among the patients and 47 (43.5%) among the control group. The mean ages of the patients and controls were 40.3 ± 10.3 years and 41.8 ± 9.5 years respectively. CKD was observed in 108 (47.6%) among the patients and 18 (16.7%) of the controls (p = 0.01). The median CD4 T-cell count was significantly lower in patients with CKD. Ninety-three (41.0%) of the patients had dipstick proteinuria of > 2 +. The median albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) was significantly higher among the HIV-positive patients (272.3 mg/g) compared with the HIV-negative controls (27.22 mg/g) p = 0.01. The CD4 T-cell count correlates positively with eGFR (r = 0.463, p = 0.001) and negatively with ACR (r = -0.806, p = 0.001).Conclusions:CKD is very common among patients with HIV/AIDS in Ilorin. Screening and early intervention for CKD should be part of the protocols in the management of these patients.

A ingestão energética de pacientes em hemodiálise é subrelatada?

ResumoIntrodução:O sub-relato da ingestão energética é pouco estudado na população em hemodiálise.Objetivo:Avaliar o sub-relato da ingestão energética e os fatores associados em pacientes em hemodiálise.Métodos:Estudo transversal, com 344 pacientes adultos estáveis, de dez centros de hemodiálise de Goiânia-GO. A ingestão energética foi avaliada por seis recordatórios de 24 horas e a taxa de metabolismo basal (TMB) foi calculada pela equação de Harris Benedict. Foi considerado como sub-relato quando a razão entre a ingestão energética média e a TMB foi menor que 1,27. Para análise dos fatores associados ao sub-relato, foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson com estimativa robusta da variância.Resultados:A prevalência de sub-relato foi de 65,7%, sendo mais expressiva em indivíduos com excesso de peso e nos dias sem diálise. O resultado final da análise multivariada identificou quatro fatores independentemente associados ao sub-relato: sexo feminino (RP = 1,27; IC = 1,10-1,46), índice de massa corporal ≥ 25 kg/m2 (RP = 1,29; IC = 1,12-1,48), três ou menos refeições/dia (RP = 1,31; IC = 1,14-1,51) e tempo de hemodiálise inferior a cinco anos (RP = 1,19; IC = 1,01-1,40).Conclusão:A população avaliada demonstrou elevada prevalência de sub-relato da ingestão energética. Pertencer ao sexo feminino, apresentar excesso de peso, fazer um menor número de refeições diárias e ter menos tempo de hemodiálise foram fatores associados ao sub-relato.

Réception de M. Herrick à l'Hôtel de Ville, 26/7/20, M. Herrick [signe le livre d'or] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60228

26/7/20, à l'Hôtel de Ville [de Paris], réception de M. Myron T. Herrick : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60224

Track and Field Team (1981-82)

Back Row: Al Pedler (Coach), Murray McEachern, John Popham, David Heyworth, Colin Harris, George Nixon Middle Row: Renee Traver, Wendy Wells Front Row: Maggie Swan, Debbie Belair, Katherine Coy

Cross Country Team (1981-82)

Back Row: Murray Mc Eachern, John Popham, Colin Harris, David Heyworth, George Nixon, Al Pedler (Coach) Front Row: Maggie Swan, Debbie Belair, Katharine Coy

Does Gamma-aminobutyric acid function as a plant resistance mechanism against phytophagous insect activity? /

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB A) is a ubiquitous non-protein amino acid synthesized via the decarboxylation of L-glutamate in a reaction catalyzed by the cytosolic enzyme L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). In animals it functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. In plants it accumulates rapidly in response to various stresses, but its function remains unclear. The hypothesis that GABA accumulation in leaf tissue may function as a plant resistance mechanism against phytophagous insect activity was investigated. GABA accumulation in response to mechanical stimulation, mechanical damage and insect activity was demonstrated. In wt tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun), mechanical stimulation or damage caused GABA to accumulate within 2 min from mean levels of 14 to 37 and 1~9 nmol g-l fresh weight (FW), respectively. In the transgenic tobacco strain CaMVGAD27c overexpressing Petunia GAD, the same treatments caused GABA to accumulate from 12 to 59 and 279 nmol g-l FW, respectively. In the transgenic tobacco strain CaMVGADilC 11 overexpressing Petunia GAD lacking an autoinhibitory domain, mechanical stimulation or damage caused GABA to accumulate from 180 to 309 and 630 nmol g-l FW, respectively. Ambulatory activity by tobacco budworm (TBW) larvae (Heliothis virescens) on leaves of CaMVGAD27c tobacco caused GABA to accumulate from 28 to 80 nmol g-l FW within 5 min. Ambulatory and leaf-rolling activity by oblique banded leaf roller (OBLR) larvae (Choristoneura rosaceana cv Harris) on wt soybean leaves (Glycine max cv Harovinton) caused GABA to accumulate from 60 to 1123 nmol g-l FW within 20 min. Increased GABA levels in leaf tissue were shown to affect phytophagous preference in TBW larvae presented with wt and transgenic tobacco leaves. When presented with leaves of Samsun wt and CaMVGAD27c plants, TBW larvae consumed more wt leaf tissue (640 ± 501 S.D. mm2 ) than transgenic leaf tissue (278 ± 338 S.D. mm2 ) nine times out of ten. When presented with leaves of Samsun wt and CaMVGAD~C11 plants, TBW larvae consumed more transgenic leaf tissue (1219 ± 1009 S.D. mm2 ) than wt leaf tissue (28 ± 31 S.D. mm2 ) ten times out of ten. These results indicate that: (1) ambulatory activity of insect larvae on leaves results in increased GABA levels, (2) transgenic tobacco leaves with increased capacity for GABA synthesis deter feeding, and (3) transgenic tobacco leaves with constitutively higher GABA levels stimulate feeding.