Improvement of research quality in the fields of orthopaedics and trauma: a global perspective.

The international orthopaedic community aims to achieve the best possible outcome for patient care by constantly modifying surgical techniques and expanding the surgeon's knowledge. These efforts require proper reflection within a setting that necessitates a higher quality standard for global orthopaedic publication. Furthermore, these techniques demand that surgeons acquire information at a rapid rate while enforcing higher standards in research performance. An international consensus exists on how to perform research and what rules should be considered when publishing a scientific paper. Despite this global agreement, in today's "Cross Check Era", too many authors do not give attention to the current standards of systematic research. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe these performance standards, the available choices for orthopaedic surgeons and the current learning curve for seasoned teams of researchers and orthopaedic surgeons with more than three decades of experience. These lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the topics that will significantly influence the research development as we arrive at an important globalisation era in orthopaedics and trauma-related research.

Annäherung an die soziale Wirklichkeit der SS-Ärzte. Sprachanalysen und sozialpsychologische Untersuchungen anhand von Hans Münchs Erinnerungserzählungen

Die Arbeit untersucht, wie Tätererinnerungen für die Geschichtswissenschaft nutzbar gemacht werden können. Hans Münch, ein ehemaliger SS-Arzt in Auschwitz, hat sein Leben lang zahlreiche Interviews gegeben. Diese werden einer Sprach- und Diskursanalyse unterzogen und aus sozialpsychologischer Perspektive betrachtet. Dabei wird deutlich, wie die Methodenwahl die Ergebnisse mitbestimmt. Strukturelemente und Rahmenbedingungen, die das Denken und Handeln Münchs beeinflusst haben, werden herausgearbeitet. Dadurch werden die soziale Wirklichkeit der SS-Ärzte sowie die Beweggründe für diesen Genozid auf der Täterebene greifbarer gemacht. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie Münch Brüche in seiner Lebensgeschichte mit einem konsistenten Selbstbild, einer Sinnkonstruktion, zu überdecken versuchte.

Multidisciplinary consensus on assessment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: proposal of an international research group.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To address the increasing need to counsel patients about treatment indications for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA), we endeavored to develop a consensus on assessment of UIAs among a group of specialists from diverse fields involved in research and treatment of UIAs. METHODS After composition of the research group, a Delphi consensus was initiated to identify and rate all features, which may be relevant to assess UIAs and their treatment by using ranking scales and analysis of inter-rater agreement (IRA) for each factor. IRA was categorized as very high, high, moderate, or low. RESULTS Ultimately, 39 specialists from 4 specialties agreed (high or very high IRAs) on the following key factors for or against UIA treatment decisions: (1) patient age, life expectancy, and comorbid diseases; (2) previous subarachnoid hemorrhage from a different aneurysm, family history for UIA or subarachnoid hemorrhage, nicotine use; (3) UIA size, location, and lobulation; (4) UIA growth or de novo formation on serial imaging; (5) clinical symptoms (cranial nerve deficit, mass effect, and thromboembolic events from UIAs); and (6) risk factors for UIA treatment (patient age and life expectancy, UIA size, and estimated risk of treatment). However, IRAs for features rated with low relevance were also generally low, which underlined the existing controversy about the natural history of UIAs. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that neurovascular specialists currently consider many features as important when evaluating UIAs but also highlight that the appreciation of natural history of UIAs remains uncertain, even within a group of highly informed individuals.

Adolph Hannovers faedrene og mødrene Slaegt : 1814 - 24. Nov. - 1914 ; tillige indeholdene Adolph Hannovers Autobiografi samt en Fortegnelse over hans vidensdabelige Arbejder m. m.

udg. i anledning af Hundredaarsdagen for hans Fødsel af martin Ad. Hannover.