Viabilidade da cultura Cnidoscolus quercifolius POHL para produção de Biodiesel no semiárido nordestino

The northeastern semiarid is a region that presents a serious picture stagnation or slowness of the economic growth, beyond the presence of social pointers below of the averages national and regional. The half-dryness conditions become the improper region for many agricultural cultures, what it affects the local populations directly, as well as the economy that is based mainly on agriculture. Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl, popularly know as favelone is a native species of the semiarid region that withholds great potential for the development of the region in virtue of its multiple uses. Being an oleaginous, its production in familiar farmings makes with that biodiesel either for the misery an important alternative eradication for the possibility of occupation of enormous contingents of people. The present study it aims at to evaluate the germination of the faveleira without thorns under conditions of water and saline stresses, main stresses which the vegetal species of the semiarid one are submitted; beyond verifying the acceptance of the species for agriculturists of a cooperative in the city of Apodi/RN. The methodology used for germination corresponds to using treatments with polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride to assess water and salt stress respectively, being held in rolo. O system approach used for the verification of acceptance of faveleira was the use of interview with farmers cooperative in the study area determined. In this direction it was verified that the faveleira is a resistant species the conditions of drought and salinity of the ground, factor of great relevance, since one is about a species with high added value, making possible the development for the semiarid region. It was verified that the agriculturists are favorable the introduction of the faveleira and reveal receptive the idea to cultivate a species with potential for production of biodiesel

Usos potenciais de moringa oleifera lam., uma matriz para produção de biodiesel e tratamento de água no semiárido nordestino

The current environmental crisis demands transformations in the relations among society, nature and development, considering sustainability. In this context, an important theme is replacing fossil fuels with biofuels, such as biodiesel. Moringa oleifera Lam. is a species that can be used as a raw material to produce biodiesel. Besides, it is a multiple purposes plant, which can be used also in water treatment. Thus, the aims of this work were to analyze the anatomical adaptations found in the stem and in the leaf and the seed s oil stores of M. oleifera., to investigate chemical characteristics of M. oleifera s seed oil, considering biodiesel production, and to evaluate the coagulation activity of these seeds in water treatment. Semipermanent histological laminas were made and it follows that the stem has thick cuticle, stomata whose cells guard are below the epidermis line, hollow medulla, druses and tector trichomes as adaptations to climate and soil conditions in which the species is found and the leaf is dorsiventral and it has thick cuticle, tector trichomes and druses. The seed has great reserves of oil. These features favor the use of Moringa oleifera Lam. as a raw material to produce biodiesel in Brazil s Northeast semiarid region. Chemical analysis were made through oil solvent extraction using mechanic stirrer. The oil was analyzed in UV spectrophotometer. A transesterification was made and biodiesel was analyzed in gas chromatography. Oil yield was high and good quality biodiesel was obtained. To evaluate seeds coagulantion activity, coagulation and flocculation essays in jartest were made, using seed extract to treat raw water. Seeds were efficient in cogulation process to treat water. So, they can be used in rudimentary systems or as a raw material to coagulant proteins extraction, as an alternative to traditional coagulants. M. oleifera has characteristics that favor its use to biodiesel production and water treatment

Conservação de espécies nativas em um assentamento rural do município de Apodi-RN: impactos socioambientais e econômicos e o uso da biotecnologia como alternativa promissora

The Caatinga biome has a high diversity of potential and their conservation constitutes one of the greatest challenges of Brazilian science. The sustainable management of the Caatinga emerges as an alternative that through the formation of systems agrossilvipastoris, enables the use of forest resources sustainably, ensuring their conservation, regeneration and recovery. In RN this technique has been developed mainly in settlements of Agrarian Reform, such as P. A. Moaci Lucena, and their impacts go beyond the environmental aspect and reverberate socially and economically on the quality of life of family farmers. Despite the efficiency of the Sustainable Management of the Caatinga in the conservation of native species, many forests species of this biome faces serious problems of propagation and for this reason have become vulnerable to extinction, as is the case of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth . Thus , it is evident the need to use sustainable alternatives to overcome the difficulties of propagation of this species and enable their replacement in areas where their existence is threatened. The Plant Biotechnology is considered as a promising alternative in this sense, considering that by micropropagation enables the large-scale production of seedlings with high health genetics status. This work has the following objectives: evaluate the perception of family farmers of P. A. Moaci Lucena in relation to social, environmental and economic impacts of the Sustainable Management of the Caatinga and check the conditions of germination and in vitro propagation of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth that enabling the production of seedlings of this specie on a large scale. To achieve the first objective, semi-structured interviews showed that in the perception of farmers PA Moaci Lucena, the Sustainable Management of the Caatinga was responsible for generating many social, environmental and economic impacts that affected directly in the improvement in the quality of life of the families of the Settlement Project Moaci Lucena. Have to achieve the second objective, were investigated the influence of different substrates and concentrations of growth regulator BAP in the germination and shoot induction in vitro of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. The vermiculite was presented as the most suitable substrate for germination of this species, because it provided a more rapid germination, higher growth rates and higher dry matter accumulation. Regarding micropropagation, the concentration of 17.76 μmol/L of BAP presented a more responsive in relation to multiplication rate and the number of shoots in M. caesalpiniifolia, thus constituting the most suitable concentration for the in vitro propagation of this specie

Festa na escola e a autopoiese do lazer

This study shows the problem of school party and its relations with the perspective of leisure autopoiesis in the lives of students living in student housing. It has aimed to describe and interpret the most meaningful leisure experiences in daily life of a student housing and the ludopoietic processes for the humanescent self-education. From the theoretical assumptions supporting the development of this research have highlighted: Education by Freire (1996); Embodiment by Pierrakos (1990); Leisure by Dumazedier (1999); Party by Duvignaud (1983), Playful by Schiller (2002), Working by Freinet (1998), Autopoiesis by Maturana and Varela (2001), belonging to each day by Certeau (1994). A qualitative study adopts the principles of existential action research, in an ethnofenomenological perspective. As a methodology, we use the metaphor of sowing covering the planting, flowering, harvest and new planting. The scenario was to sow the Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí - RN. Twenty-five students residing in the school participated in research from 2007 to 2008, which involved more actively in the development of an extension project for the implementation of recreational and leisure experiences in that institution. The main instruments used for the construction of data collection were: participant observation, questionnaire, interview, game sand and photographs. The process of data analysis with the ethnofenomenological principles emphasized the following points: experientiality, indexicality, reflexivity, self-organizability, adoptability, archetypal and humanescenciality. New meanings of ludopoietic flowering of seed "party school" were revealed, and you can see the emergence of autopoietic leisure as a big green tree, able to sprout in soil properly fertilized to produce wonderful fruit of joie de vivre

Caracterização geométrica e parametrização de depósitos transacionais recentes e sua aplicação na modelagem de reservatórios petrolíferos

In this beginning of the XXI century, the Geology moves for new ways that demand a capacity to work with different information and new tools. It is within this context that the analog characterization has important in the prediction and understanding the lateral changes in the geometry and facies distribution. In the present work was developed a methodology for integration the geological and geophysical data in transitional recent deposits, the modeling of petroliferous reservoirs, the volume calculation and the uncertainties associate with this volume. For this purpose it was carried planialtimetric and geophysics (Ground Penetrating Radar) surveys in three areas of the Parnaíba River. With this information, it was possible to visualize the overlap of different estuary channels and make the delimitation of the channel geometry (width and thickness). For three-dimensional visualization and modeling were used two of the main reservoirs modeling software. These studies were performed with the collected parameters and the data of two reservoirs. The first was created with the Potiguar Basin wells data existents in the literature and corresponding to Açu IV unit. In the second case was used a real database of the Northern Sea. In the procedures of reservoirs modeling different workflows were created and generated five study cases with their volume calculation. Afterwards an analysis was realized to quantify the uncertainties in the geological modeling and their influence in the volume. This analysis was oriented to test the generating see and the analogous data use in the model construction

Composição química e qualidade biológica da torta de colza (Brassica napus, L: )

A composição química e a qualidade biológica da torta de colza obtida da semente, variedade CTC-4, foram determinados. A farinha foi preparada me diante prensagem da semente e extração da gordura com solvente, lixiviada durante 2 horas, com água corrente na proporção de 1:5, e agitação constante, a fim de reduzir os níveis de glicosinolatos. O efeito tóxico foi observado através do peso dos órgãos e da histopatologia dos órgãos em experimento de 60 dias. A qualidade biológica da torta desintoxicada, ao nível de 5% e 10%, foi semelhante ao da caseína (PER controle 3,18 vs 3,08, 5% e 2,98, 10%). O PER da torta crua foi de 2,28. Os ratos que receberam a farinha crua tiveram órgãos maiores. As tireóides dos ratos submetidos as dietas 2 e 3, não demonstraram alterações que suspeitassem de um efeito bociogênico e as alterações ocorridas nas tireóides dos animais que receberam, D-4 foram semelhantes àquelas ocorridas nos grupos 2 e 3. Não houve danos célulares graves em relação ao fígado, os rins, o coração, baço e supra-renais para todos os grupos observados. O método de extração dos fatores tóxicos da colza foi eficiente de acordo com os resultados obtidos para o presente estudo.

Toxicidade de sementes de fedegoso (Cassia occidentalis L.) para frangos de corte

Foram realizados três ensaios com o objetivo de se determinar o nível de toxicidade da contaminação de sementes de Cassia occidentalis na alimentação de frangos de corte. Nos dois primeiros ensaios foram utilizadas 640 aves de 1 dia de idade. Os níveis de adição da semente no primeiro ensaio foram, 0; 2; 4 e 6%, obtendo-se 5,77; 84,62; 100 e 100% de mortalidade, respectivamente. No segundo ensaio, os níveis utilizados foram 0; 0,5; 1 e 2%, obtendo-se 0; 3,29; 15,73 e 89,47% de mortalidade, respectivamente. No terceiro ensaio, utilizou-se 960 aves de 3 dias de idade. Adicionou-se a ração inicial (4-31 dias de idade) e final (32-52 dias) sementes moídas de fedegoso aos níveis de 0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5%. O peso médio final das aves foi 2,01; 1,95; 1,95; 1,90; 1,77 e 1,58 kg, respectivamente, observando-se diferença significativa (P < 0,05%) em relação ao controle para 0,3; 0,4 e 0,5% de adição. Os valores médios de consumo (4,33; 4,32; 4,32; 4,28; 4,08 e 3,80 kg, respectivamente) e da conversão alimentar (2,15; 2,21; 2,22; 2,25; 2,31 e 2,41, respectivamente) foram significativamente diferentes (P < 0,05%) para 0,4 e 0,5% de adição das sementes em relação ao grupo controle. O aspecto histológico de órgãos e tecidos das aves que receberam C.occidentalis, sacrificadas no término das fases inicial e final, foi característico de um processo degenerativo observado no coração, fígado, pâncreas, rins, músculo estriado esquelético e intestinos. Os percentuais de mortalidade foram 2,77; 2,08; 2,08; 0,69; 0,69 e 0%, respectivamente.

Biologia reprodutiva de populações de Ocimum selloi Benth

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Osmocondicionamento de sementes de salsa (Petroselinum sativum Hoffm.) em diferentes potenciais hídricos

A germinação de sementes de salsa (Petroselinum sativum Hoffm.) é lenta e desuniforme, sendo a contagem do teste padrão de germinação recomendada aos 10 e 28 dias e a emergência em campo é relativamente longa, justificando o uso de técnicas que acelerem e uniformizem o processo germinativo: um método promissor é o osmocondicionamento. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos dos diferentes potenciais de osmocondicionamento, com PEG 6000, na germinação de sementes de salsa e identificar o potencial osmótico ótimo para aumentar a germinação destas sementes. Sementes das cultivares Lisa e Portuguesa de dois lotes, adquiridas no comércio local foram osmocondicionadas pelo método de imersão direta das mesmas em soluções aquosas com potencial hídrico: 0,0, -0,5, -1,0 e -1,5 MPa, obtidos com a adição de PEG 6.000, sob aeração constante a 25ºC por 144 horas, como testemunha utilizaram-se sementes não osmocondicionadas. As variáveis analisadas foram: porcentagem de germinação (10 e 28 dias), velocidade de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação. O osmocondicionamento aumenta a porcentagem e a velocidade de germinação de sementes de salsa, sendo que, o potencial osmótico indicado situa-se entre -1,0 e -1,5 MPa.

Curva de absorção de água em sementes de atemóia (Annona cherimola Mill. x Annona squamosa L.) cv. Gefner

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de caracterizar a curva de absorção de água em sementes de atemóia (Annona cherimola Mill x Annona squamosa L.) cv. Gefner, submetidas a três métodos de embebição: sementes submersas em água destilada (MSSA), sementes entre papel de filtro embebido em água destilada acondicionada em caixa tipo gerbox (MPEA) e teste-padrão (MTP), com sementes mantidas em rolo de papel de filtro umedecido em água destilada. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições de 25 sementes por parcela, constituídos por três métodos de embebição, empregando-se sementes vivas e mortas. O tempo de embebição entre 27; 34 e 47 horas, nos métodos MTP, MPEA e MSSA, representam indicativo para tratamento de sementes, podendo funcionar como tempo mínimo necessário para embebição em solução com reguladores vegetais. Conclui-se que os métodos que caracterizaram as três fases de absorção de água em sementes de atemóia foram o MTP e MPEA com mudança entre as fases I e II após 27 e 34 horas, respectivamente, atingindo a fase III com 234 horas, o que permite determinar o tempo de imersão para tratamentos pré-germinativos.

Anatomy and ontogeny of the pericarp of Pterodon emarginatus Vogel (Fabaceae, Faboideae), with emphasis on secretory ducts

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência de diferentes níveis de cálcio em plantas de estilosantes (Stylosanthes guyanensis (Aubl.) Sw. cv. Cook), avaliados através de alguns parâmetros fisiológicos

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de cálcio, no desenvolvimento de plantas de Stylosanthes guyanensis (Aubl.) Sw. cv. Cook, através de alguns parâmetros que compõem a análise fisiológica de crescimento. Para tal foram empregados 4 tratamentos a saber: T1 (200 mg de cálcio/litro); T2 (133,33 mg de cálcio/litro); T3 (66,66 mg de cálcio/litro) e T4 (omisso em cálcio). O trabalho foi montado em cultivo hidropônico, utilizando-se a solução nutritiva n&deg; 1 de Hoagland & Arnon e conduzido em casa de vegetação. Foram realizadas observações em intervalos entre 5 coletas, distribuidas da seguinte maneira: intervalo I (entre 24&deg; e 38&deg; dia pós-germinação; intervalo II ( do 38&deg; ao 52&deg; dia); intervalo III (do 52&deg; ao 66&deg; dia) e intervalo IV (do 66&deg; ao 80&deg; dia). Os parâmetros estudados foram: a. taxa assimilatória líquida (TAL); b. taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR) e c. razão alfa. Dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que soluções com 200 e 133,33 mg de cálcio/litro, foram mais eficientes em promover o desenvolvimento de plantas de estilosantes.

Semi-hypogeal germination in Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) parodi (Fabaceae: Phaseoleae): seedling and sapling morphology

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nodulação e atividade da nitrato redutase em função da aplicação de molibdênio em soja

Among the nutrients that are essential for the biological nitrogen fixation by soybean plants, molybdenum stands out for being a cofactor of the nitrate reductase, affecting enzymatic activity and, consequently, the nodulation process. The research had as objective to evaluate the effects of molybdenum application on soybean nodulation and nitrate reductase activity. The experiment was conduced in greenhouse, sowing soybean in 12 L pots, with two plants per plot. The treatments consisted of two application via (with the seeds and leaf dressing) and two molybdenum doses (12 and 24 g ha(-1) with the seeds; 30 and 60 g ha(-1) leaf dressing) in ammonium molybdate form, plus the control. The number and dry mass of nodules and nitrogen content in soybean leaves were evaluated. Samples of leaves for the evaluation of nitrate reductase activity were taken at 10 a.m. and 10 p.m. It was concluded that soybean nodulation is affected by Mo dose and application via, resulting in higher number and weight of nodules when it is applied with the seeds. The enzymatic activity of the nitrate reductase is influenced by Mo fertilization and it is higher for leaf dressing with the double of the recommended dose.

Germination of Ocotea pulchella (Nees) Mez (Lauraceae) seeds in laboratory and natural restinga environment conditions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)