Expressão imuno-histoquímica da e-caderina e da ß-catenina em carcinoma epidermóide oral com e sem metástase nodal

The adhesion molecules E-cadherin and β-catenin have been studied as possible markers to distinguish carcinomas with and without metastatic potential. The objective of this research was to study the imunohistochemistry expression of the E-cadherin and β-catenin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), aiming to contribute for the better understanding of the biological behavior of this lesion. The sample consisted of 30 cases of OSCC, being 15 of tongue and 15 of lower lip. The profile and intensity of labeling and semi quantitative analysis of the percentage of immunopositive tumoral cells in membrane for E-cadherin and β-catenin had been related with the anatomical localization of the lesion, the presence or not of nodal metastasis and the histological grade of malignancy in the invasive front area of the tumor. It was registered the presence or not of cytoplasmic and nuclear labeling of the β-catenin. The results had been submitted to the statistical analysis, being used the Mann-Whitney Test, the Fisher Test and the Spearman Correlation Coefficient (α=0, 05). The results showed that the expression in membrane for E-cadherin and β-catenin was, predominantly, the heterogeneous profile in the lower lip and tongue carcinomas, as well as in the cases with and without nodal metastasis. It was not observed significant statistical difference between expression profile and amount of immunopositive cells for E-cadherin, β-catenin and the anatomical localization of the lesion and for the presence or not of nodal metastasis. However, there was significant difference of the reduced expression of these proteins with the high score of malignancy. It was verified that the expression of the β-catenin in cytoplasm was present in 22 (73.33%) of the 30 analyzed cases, and 6 cases (20%) showed nuclear expression. The statistical analysis detected significant association between the expression of the β-catenin in the cytoplasm with the histological grade of malignancy, being this molecule more frequently present in the cytoplasm in the cases of high score of malignancy. It was concluded that the reduced immunoexpression of these proteins in membrane can be related with the lowest cellular differentiation, as well as with the pattern of invasion in nests and isolated cells, demonstrated in the cases of OSCC with high histological grade of malignancy

Expressão imuno-histoquímica das integrinas α2ß1, α3ß, e α5ß1, em carcinoma epidermóide de lábio inferior e língua

The unpredictable biologic behavior of the oral squamous cells carcinoma has determined extensive research on the evolution of such tumor. Due to the existing relation between the outer cell matrix and the tumor cells, the integrins have been used as markers in the predictive study of the cell behavior. This study aims to analyze immunohistochemically the expression of the integrin α2β1, α3β1, and α5β1 connections for the collagen, the laminin and the fibronectin respectively in 15 cases of squamous cells carcinoma from the lower lip and 15 from the tongue, with different scores of malignance grading. A predominantly diffuse, cytoplasm and granular immunological marking was observed in the majority of the analyzed cases. According to the marking intensity, integrin α2β1 appeared positive in 80% of the lip and in 93,3% of the tongue cases. The immunological reactivity of integrin α3β1 was classified as positive in 60% of both the tongue and lip cases. For this integrin, 20% and 33.3% of the tongue and lip cases, respectively, were negative. In relation to integrin α5β1 the intensity was classified as positive in 53,3% of the cases and strongly positive in 46,7% of those located in the lip. In the tongue carcinomas, the intensity was positive in 46,7% of the cases and strongly positive in 53,3%. The statistic analysis did not show any significant differences or correlation of expression between these integrins nor between the anatomical sites or between different scores of malignancy grading. The expressive immunological marking of the integrins, α2β1, α3β1, and α5β1 in the studied cases of squamous cell carcinomas leads us to think of a great participation of these proteins in oral carcinogenesis; however, our results do not allow us to correlate its expression as an indicator of variations in the biological behavior of this neoplasia

Estudo in vitro dos efeitos da BMP-2 e do seu antagonista Noggin sobre a proliferação e migração celulares em carcinoma epidermóide de língua

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy in the oral cavity and reach a large number of individuals, has become an important public health problem. Studies have demonstrated changes in pathway components BMP in various types of cancers as prostate, colon, breast, gastric and OSCCs. Is the current knowledge that these proteins may exert pro-tumor effect in more advanced stages of neoplastic development coming to favor progression and invasion tumor. The inhibition of the signaling pathway BMP-2 through its antagonists, have shown positive results of antitumor activity and use of Noggin may be a novel therapeutic target for cancer. Given this evidence and the few studies with BMP-2, Noggin and OSCC, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of BMP-2 and its antagonist Noggin on proliferation and migration cell in line of cell cultures of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC25). The study was divided in three groups, a control group, where SCC25 cells suffered no treatment, a BMP-2 group, in which cells were treated with 100ng/ml of BMP-2 and a group of cells that were treated with 100ng/ml of Noggin. For the proliferation assay and cell cycle were established three time intervals (24, 48 and 72 hours). Proliferative activity was investigated by trypan blue and cell cycle analysis by staining with propidium iodide flow cytometry. The potential for migration / invasion of SCC25 cells was performing by a cell invasion assay using Matrigel in a 48-hour interval. The proliferation curve showed a higher proliferation in cells treated with BMP-2 in 72 hours (p < 0.05), and lower overgrowth and cell viability in Noggin group. Recombinant proteins favored a greater percentage of cells in cell cycle phase Go/G1 with a statistically significant difference in the interval of 24 hours (p < 0.05). BMP- 2 produced a greater invasion of cells studied as well as its antagonist Noggin inhibits invasion of cells (p < 0.05). Thus, these results indicate that BMP-2 promotes malignant phenotype, dues stimulates proliferation and invasion of SCC25 cells and, its antagonist Noggin may be an alternative treatment, due to inhibit the tumor progression

Expressão imuno-histoquímica das integrinas a2ß1, a3ß1 e a5ß1 em adenoma pleomórfico de glândula salivar menor e maior e carcinoma adenóide cístico

Pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) consist benign and malignant neoplasm from salivary gland, respectively. These neoplasms share some characteristics, such as cellular origin and considerable production of extracellular matrix, however, with distinct biological behavior. The aim of the present study was to compare the expression of D2E1, D3E1 e D5E1 integrins in pleomorphic adenoma from minor and major salivary glands and ACCs. Furthermore, it was investigated possible differences in the expression of these integrins according to histological subtypes of ACC. Fourteen cases of pleomorphic adenoma from major salivary gland, fourteen cases from minor salivary gland and ten cases of ACC were selected. It was taken into consideration the presence or absence, localization and intensity of integrin immunoexpression. The cases of pleomorphic adenoma were grouped in order to compare the expression between the distinct neoplasms. It was observed a highly significant difference (p<0,0001) in relation to D2E1 integrin between the neoplasms since pleomorphic adenoma showed a pronounced immunostaining. It was not possible to perform statistical tests considering the D2E1 integrin expression; nevertheless, it could be observed a tendency of higher staining in pleomorphic adenoma. For comparative reasons the cases ACCs were divided in two groups: solid and tubular/cribriform. It was not detected significant differences in regard to D2E1 integrin; and statistical analysis could not be realized in relation to D3E1 and D5E integrin expression. However, it was also verified a tendency of absence or reduced expression in the solid subtype. It can be concluded that the reduced D2E1 integrin expression observed in CACs may be related to a lesser degree of cell differentiation in this neoplasm and the reduced D5E1 integrin expression can be associated with aggressive biological behavior. Moreover, the absence and/or reduced expression of the studied integrins in solid ACC suggests a role in pathogenesis and more aggressive biological behavior of this histological subtype

The effect of acoustic mode on time-resolved temperature measurements in a Rijke-tube pulse combustor

Radial profiles are reported of average and rms temperature in a propane flame for the first, second, and third acoustic modes at four different axial positions above the burner in a Rijke-tube combustor. Selected plots of the power spectral density (PSD) of temperature fluctuations are also reported. These radial profiles are then compared to similar ones made in the same flame, but in the absence of the acoustic field. Visual observations and photographs of the flame showed a remarkable change in flame height and structure with the onset of acoustic oscillations. This reduction in flame length, caused by the enhanced mixing due to the acoustic velocity fluctuations, gave rise to higher and lower average and rms temperatures near or well above the burner, respectively. In general, the PSD plots had a broad frequency content. The general trend was a decrease in magnitude with an increase in frequency. All cases presented broad-band peaks at around 5 Hz related to the flame flickering phenomenon. Preferred frequencies were observed in the oscillating PSD plots related to the fundamental frequency as well as subharmonics in the tube. (C) 2000 Elsevier B.V. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Levenberg-Marquardt application to two-phase nonlinear parameter estimation for finned-tube coil evaporators

A procedure for calculation of refrigerant mass flow rate is implemented in the distributed numerical model to simulate the flow in finned-tube coil dry-expansion evaporators, usually found in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. Two-phase refrigerant flow inside the tubes is assumed to be one-dimensional, unsteady, and homogeneous. In themodel the effects of refrigerant pressure drop and the moisture condensation from the air flowing over the external surface of the tubes are considered. The results obtained are the distributions of refrigerant velocity, temperature and void fraction, tube-wall temperature, air temperature, and absolute humidity. The finite volume method is used to discretize the governing equations. Additionally, given the operation conditions and the geometric parameters, the model allows the calculation of the refrigerant mass flow rate. The value of mass flow rate is computed using the process of parameter estimation with the minimization method of Levenberg-Marquardt minimization. In order to validate the developed model, the obtained results using HFC-134a as a refrigerant are compared with available data from the literature.

Mathematical modeling of the ester oil-refrigerant R134A mixture two-phase flow with foam formation through a small diameter tube

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Pressure drop correlation for oil-refrigerant R134a mixture flashing flow in a small diameter tube

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Variability of physicochemical properties of an epoxy resin sealer taken from different parts of the same tube

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Coexistence of benign phyllodes tumor and invasive ductal carcinoma in distinct breasts: case report

This report describes a rare case of coexistence of benign phyllodes tumor, which measured 9 cm in the right breast, and invasive ductal carcinoma of 6 cm in the left breast, synchronous and independent, in a 66-year-old patient. The patient underwent a bilateral mastectomy due to the size of both lesions. Such situations are rare and usually refer to the occurrence of ductal or lobular carcinoma in situ when associated with malignant phyllodes tumors, and more often in ipsilateral breast or intra-lesional.

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with renal pelvis transitional cell carcinoma in a dog

A 6-year-old male, Belgian shepherd dog was presented with lethargy, oliguria, hematuria, and reluctance to move. The dog developed hypertrophic osteopathy secondary to renal pelvis transitional cell carcinoma. A nephrectomy was performed and after a year, the dog was completely asymptomatic, and no evidence of metastatic disease was present.

Does sealing endotracheal tube cuff pressure diminish the frequency of postoperative laryngotracheal complaints after nitrous oxide anesthesia?

Study Objectives: To study endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressures during nitrous oxide (N2O) anesthesia when the cuffs are inflated with air to achieve sealing pressure, and to evaluate the frequency of postoperative laryngotracheal complaints.Design: Prospective, randomized, blind study.Setting: Metropolitan teaching hospital.Patients: 50 ASA physical status I and II patients scheduled for elective abdominal surgery.Interventions: Patients received standard general anesthesia with 66% N2O in oxygen. In 25 patients, the ETT cuff was inflated with air to achieve a sealing pressure (P-seal group). In 25 patients, the ETT cuff was inflated with air to achieve a pressure of 25 cm H2O (P-25 group).Measurements and Main Results: ETT intracuff pressures were recorded before (control) and at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes during N2O administration. We investigated the frequency and intensity of sore throat, hoarseness, and dysphagia in patients in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and 24 hours following tracheal extubation. The cuff pressures in the P-seal group were significantly lower than in the P-25 group at all time points studied (p < 0.001), with a significant increase with time in both groups (p < 0.001). The cuff pressures exceeded the critical pressure of 30 cm H2O only after 90 minutes in the P-seal group and already by 30 minutes in the P-25 group. The frequency and intensity of sore throat, hoarseness, and dysphagia were similar in both groups in the PACU and 24 hours after tracheal extubation (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Minimum ETT sealing cuff pressure during N2O anesthesia did not prevent, but instead attenuated, the increase in cuff pressure and did not decrease postoperative laryngotracheal complaints. (C) 2004 by Elsevier B.V.

Effectiveness and safety of endotracheal tube cuffs filled with air versus filled with alkalinized lidocaine: a randomized clinical trial

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Os tubos traqueais são dispositivos utilizados para manutenção da ventilação. A hiperinsuflação do balonete do tubo traqueal, causada pela difusão do óxido nitroso (N2O), pode determinar lesões traqueais, que se manifestam clinicamente como odinofagia, rouquidão e tosse. A lidocaína, quando injetada no balonete do tubo traqueal, difunde-se através de sua parede, determinando ação anestésica local na traquéia. O objetivo foi avaliar a efetividade e a segurança do balonete do tubo traqueal preenchido com ar comparado com o balonete preenchido com lidocaína, considerando os desfechos: sintomas cardiovasculatórios (HAS, taquicardia); odinofagia, tosse, rouquidão e tolerância ao tubo traqueal. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo clínico prospectivo, realizado no Departamento de Anestesiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Unesp, campus de Botucatu. MÉTODOS: A pressão do balonete do tubo traqueal foi medida, entre 50 pacientes, antes, 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos após o início da inalação de N2O anestésico. As pacientes foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Air, em que o balonete foi inflado com ar para obtenção de pressão de 20 cm H2O, e Lido, em que o balonete foi preenchido com lidocaína a 2% mais bicarbonato de sódio a 8,4% para obtenção da mesma pressão. O desconforto antes da extubação, e manifestações clínicas como dor de garganta, rouquidão e tosse foram registrados no momento da alta da unidade de cuidados pós-anestésicos, e dor de garganta e rouquidão foram avaliadas também 24 horas após a anestesia. RESULTADOS: Os valores da pressão no balonete em G2 foram significativamente menores do que os de Air em todos os tempos de estudo, a partir de 30 minutos (p < 0,001). A proporção de pacientes que reagiu ao tubo traqueal no momento da desintubação foi significantemente menor em Lido (p < 0,005). A incidência de odinofagia foi significantemente menor em Lido no primeiro dia de pós-operatório (p < 0,05). A incidência de tosse e rouquidão não diferiu entre os grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Durante ventilação artificial, empregando-se a mistura de oxigênio e N2O, a insuflação do balonete com lidocaína 2% alcalinizada impede que ocorra aumento significante da pressão no balonete e determina maior tolerância ao tubo traqueal e menor incidência de odinofagia no pós-operatório, podendo então ser considerada mais segura e com maior efetividade.

Loss of Y-chromosome does not correlate with age at onset of head and neck carcinoma: a case-control study

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Biliary tract reconstruction using jejunal tube: an experimental study in dogs

BACKGROUND: To physiologically reconstruct the biliary tract, Crema et al suggested the application of the Monti principle to the biliary tract, already used in humans for the urinary tract. With this technique, a jejunal segment is transversely retubularized. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of jejunal tube interposition between the common bile duct and duodenum in dogs.METHODS: Thirteen dogs underwent a laparoscopic common bile duct ligature, followed by a biliodigestive connection by jejunal tube interposition after one week. The levels of glutamic-pyruvic and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminases, total bilirubins, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase were assessed before surgery and thereafter weekly until euthanasia, which was performed 6 weeks after biliodigestive connection.RESULTS: Data on 9 dogs were analyzed statistically. The dogs presented with obstructive jaundice after common bile duct ligature, as confirmed by biochemical examination. They showed a statistically significant reduction in cholestasis after biliodigestive connection by jejunal tube interposition and were healthy until the end of the experiment.CONCLUSION: A statistically significant reduction was seen in total bilirubin and canalicular enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase) in the 9 dogs 6 weeks after biliodigestive conviction by jejunal tube interposition.