Nuclear data for proton beam radiotherapy

The need for a program of work focused on the nuclear data evaluation of chargedparticle reactions has arisen recently due to their increasing use in cancer therapy. This project, as part of that program, has as its main goal the selection and comparison of nuclear data for nuclear reactions induced by protons at low to intermediate energies (E < 250 MeV). The methodology of selection was based on the data base EXFOR and the compilations of radionuclide production cross sections of N. Sobolevsky. For the purpose of comparison and evaluation, theoretical calculations with the reaction model code EMPIRE-II are being used. © 2009 American Institute of Physics.

Cytoplasmic and nuclear morphometric parameters in cytologic preparations of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors

Thirty fine-needle biopsy (FNB) samples from 28 dogs subjected to surgical resection of cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) were stained with Giemsa. At least 100 neoplastic cells from each cytology slide were evaluated by morphometric analysis. The parameters were: area, perimeter of the cell, cytoplasm, nucleus and circumference factor. MCTs of grade III had a mean cellular area of 231.70 μm2 ± 57.1, and grade II had a mean of 252.30 μm2 ± 55.0. Cellular perimeter was 61.20 ± 7.1 in grade II and 59.1 ± 8.6 in grade III. Cellular parameters were not statistically different between grades (p>.05). Mean nuclear area was 88.90 μm2 ± 19 in grade III and 72.30 μm2 ± 13.9 in grade II, with statistical difference between grades (P =.011). Mean nuclear perimeter was 32.40 ìm ± 3.0 in grade II and 35.70 ìm ± 4.0 in grade III, with statistical difference between grades (P =.018). Mean nuclear circumference factor was 1.0 ± 0.33 in grade II and 1.1 ± 0.28 in grade III, with no statistical difference between grades (P = 0.78). Nuclear-tocytoplasmic ratio in grade II was 0.29 ±.07 and 0.39 ±.08 in grade III, with statistical difference (P =.02). The number of binucleated and multinucleated cells and mitotic figures was significantly increased in grade III MCTs (P <.001). In conclusion, the number of mitotic figures, presence of binucleation and multinucleation, and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio can help to guide a profile of MCT aggressiveness in cytologic preparations.

Preparedness for rain during sunny weather: Caribbean environmental sustainability in a nuclear age

Includes bibliography

J/Ψ mass shift and J/Ψ-nuclear bound state

We calculate mass shift of the J/Ψ meson in nuclear matter arising from the modification of DD, DD* and D*D* meson loop contributions to the J/Ψ self-energy. The estimate includes the in-medium D and D* meson masses consistently. The J/Ψ mass shift (scalar potential) calculated is negative (attractive), and is complementary to the attractive potential obtained from the QCD color van der Waals forces. Some results for the J/Ψ -nuclear bound state energies are also presented. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.

La familia nuclear y extendida en áreas urbanas de la Argentina, el Brasil y Chile

Incluye Bibliografía

Energía nuclear: proyecto de resolución aprobado por el Comité II el 25 de mayo de 1957

Incluye Bibliografía

Nuclear energy: draft resolution approved by Committee II on 25 May 1957

Incluye Bibliografía

J/Ψ in nuclear matter

We report on recent estimates of the J/Ψ mass shift in infinite nuclear matter and finite nuclei arising from in-medium D and D* meson loops. The density dependence of the J/Ψ mass shift is evaluated employing medium-modified D and D* meson masses derived within the quark-meson coupling model. Using a local density approximation, J/Ψ-nuclear bound state energies are calculated for a range of nuclei. We predict that J/Ψ-nuclear bound states should be observed with a clear signal in experiments, provided the J/Ψ meson is produced in recoilless kinematics. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Labor de las Naciones Unidas en materia de energía nuclear

Incluye Bibliografía

Molecular phylogeny of Moenkhausia (Characidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence

Moenkhausia is one of the most speciose genera in Characidae, currently composed of 75 nominal species of small fishes distributed across South American hydrographic basins, primarily the Amazon and Guyanas. Despite the large number of described species, studies involving a substantial number of its species designed to better understand their relationships and putative monophyly are still lacking. In this study, we analysed a large number of species of Moenkhausia to test the monophyly of the genus based on the phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes. The in-group included 29 species of Moenkhausia, and the out-group was composed of representatives of Characidae and other members of Characiformes. All species of Moenkhausia belong to the same clade (Clade C); however, they appear distributed in five monophyletic groups along with other different genera, which means that Moenkhausia is polyphyletic and indicates the necessity of an extensive revision of the group. © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Initial description of the phylogeography, population structure and genetic diversity of Atlantic spotted dolphins from Brazil and the Caribbean, inferred from analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA

We provide initial information regarding the population structure and genetic diversity of Stenella frontalis from the Caribbean and southeastern Brazil from analyses of mitochondrial control region sequences and sequences from the first intron of the α-lactalbumin gene. Comparisons with previously described S. frontalis sequences showed a high number of haplotypes shared between populations throughout their distribution range. High diversity was found for southeastern Brazil and Caribbean samples, and population structure analyses indicate significant differentiation among population units at the FST level, but not at the ΦST level. Significant differentiation at the FST level was found between the Caribbean population unit and all other populations units. These results suggest historical or present connectivity between the Azores and Madeira and the southeastern Brazil groups and population differentiation between the Caribbean and southeastern Brazil, supporting the notion of two separate stocks in the waters around the Atlantic coast of South America. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Modelo de Marcus, elementos de matriz de tunelamento, efeitos de solvente e controle nuclear em reações de transferência de elétrons

This paper aims to give an initial presentation to physics students of the area of electron transfer, addressing its major aspects. The subject is then presented in an introductory way, highlighting and discussing the key points. Primarily, the problem is approached in a simplified manner through a two-state system, and aspects of calculating the matrix-element are discussed. Then, the electron transfer problem, influenced by nuclear reaction coordinates, is addressed and treated by the Marcus theory. Time scales and the concepts of adiabatic and nonadiabatic phenomena are discussed in the context of electron transfer. The classical, semi-classical and quantum formalisms of for the nuclear reactions coordinates are presented, and aspects of solvents are also discussed. Finally, we conclude by examining some recent examples of problems discussed in the literature.

Composition and interrelationships of a large Neotropical freshwater fish group, the subfamily Cheirodontinae (Characiformes: Characidae): A case study based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences

•Relationships of Cheirodontinae based on a broad taxonomic sample.•Results reject the monophyly of Cheirodontinae as previously conceived.•Exclusion of Amazonspinther and Spintherobolus from the subfamily Cheirodontinae.•The removal of Leptagoniates pi of the genus Leptagoniates and inclusion in Cheirodontinae.•Division of Cheirodontinae in three newly defined monophyletic tribes. Characidae is the most species-rich family of freshwater fishes in the order Characiformes, with more than 1000 valid species that correspond to approximately 55% of the order. Few hypotheses about the composition and internal relationships within this family are available and most fail to reach an agreement. Among Characidae, Cheirodontinae is an emblematic group that includes 18 genera (1 fossil) and approximately 60 described species distributed throughout the Neotropical region. The taxonomic and systematic history of Cheirodontinae is complex, and only two hypotheses about the internal relationships in this subfamily have been reported to date. In the present study, we test the composition and relationships of fishes assigned to Cheirodontinae based on a broad taxonomic sample that also includes some characid incertae sedis taxa that were previously considered to be part of Cheirodontinae. We present phylogenetic analyses of a large molecular dataset of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Our results reject the monophyly of Cheirodontinae as previously conceived, as well as the tribes Cheirodontini and Compsurini, and the genera Cheirodon, Compsura, Leptagoniates, Macropsobrycon, Odontostilbe, and Serrapinnus. On the basis of these results we propose: (1) the exclusion of Amazonspinther and Spintherobolus from the subfamily Cheirodontinae since they are the sister-group of all remaining Characidae; (2) the removal of Macropsobrycon xinguensis of the genus Macropsobrycon; (3) the removal of Leptagoniates pi of the genus Leptagoniates; (4) the inclusion of Leptagoniates pi in the subfamily Cheirodontinae; (5) the removal of Cheirodon stenodon of the genus Cheirodon and its inclusion in the subfamily Cheirodontinae under a new genus name; (6) the need to revise the polyphyletic genera Compsura, Odontostilbe, and Serrapinnus; and (7) the division of Cheirodontinae in three newly defined monophyletic tribes: Cheirodontini, Compsurini, and Pseudocheirodontini. Our results suggest that our knowledge about the largest Neotropical fish family, Characidae, still is incipient. © 2013 Elsevier Inc..