Sobre o estilo e o modo de falar e escrever

Este trabalho apresenta o texto crítico de uma Lei ou Provisão de Filipe I , rei de Portugal, sobre as diversas formas de tratamento no período arcaico da língua portuguesa.

Construção do texto radiofônico: o estilo oral-auditivo

O artigo mostra, por meio de exame bibliográfico e observação empírica, que a construção do texto radiofônico, por ser escrito para ser falado e ser ouvido, requer o uso de um estilo próprio oral-auditivo, conseguido a partir do emprego de normas técnico-lingüísticas e lingüístico-gramaticais.

Algumas reflexões sobre estilo de vida urbano

Este trabalho consiste numa reflexão sobre alguns termos como urbano, estilo de vida, estilo. Os autores consultados foram Simmel, Park, Redfield, Wirth, por um lado e Schütz, Berger Luckmann, por outro.

Capacidade funcional como fator preditivo de sobrevivência em idosos

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Caminhada e estilo de vida: implicações no lazer e na qualidade de vida

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Caracterização do Perfil Cognitivo-Linguístico de Escolares com Dificuldades de Leitura e Escrita

Investigou-se o perfil cognitivo-linguístico de escolares com dificuldades na aquisição da linguagem escrita acrescentando-se testes específicos em um modelo de resposta à intervenção (identificação e intervenção precoces do risco para transtorno de leitura). Participaram 45 escolares do 2º ano, idade média de 7 anos de ambos os gêneros, divididos em grupo controle (sem dificuldades, n = 32) e grupo de risco (com dificuldades, n = 13). Escores mais de 1,65 DP abaixo da média do grupo controle para cada teste foram considerados déficits específicos. Enquanto a análise de grupo apontou os prejuízos fonológicos como único fator de risco, a individual acrescentou a inatenção e a nomeação rápida como fatores causais independentes. Um modelo ampliado de resposta à intervenção que inclui a avaliação cognitiva é proposto.

Potencial cognitivo em criancas com transtorno do deficit de atencao com hiperatividade

A literatura tem descrito comorbidades entre os sintomas das crianças com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) e as alterações de processamento auditivo e tais sintomas têm sido negligenciados na avaliação e, consequentemente, na reabilitação desses indivíduos.OBJETIVO:Comparar os achados do potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência em crianças com e sem TDAH. MÉTODO:Este estudo é de coorte histórica com corte transversal do tipo caso-controle, no qual participaram 30 crianças, com e sem TDAH na faixa etária de 8 a 12 anos. Foi realizado o potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência em duas varreduras, por meio de tarefas passivas diferindo quanto frequência e duração (MMNf e MMNd) e ativas (P300f e P300d). RESULTADOS:Na comparação entre o desempenho das crianças com e sem TDAH no teste de avaliação eletrofisiológica da audição foram observadas diferenças ao nível de significância para a amplitude de P2 da OE, que foi maior para o grupo com TDAH, e para a amplitude e latência de N2, que se mostraram alteradas no grupo com TDAH. CONCLUSÃO:O presente estudo possibilitou maior conhecimento da via auditiva central das crianças com e sem TDAH quando avaliadas a partir de testes eletrofisiológicos.

Efeito de protocolo para a mudança do estilo de vida (MEV) sobre a glicemia de jejum em adultos

Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB

Correlates of above-average cognitive performance among older adults: the SABE study

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A nova configuração do paradigma cognitivo na Ciência da Informação: contribuições ao processo de conhecer do profissional da informação

Introduction: Studies about human cognition represent a relevant perspective in information science, considering the subjective actions of information professionals and dialogic process that should permeate the activity of subjects dealing with the organization and representation of information. Objective: Explore the approach of the cognitive perspective in information science and their new settings by contemporary needs of information to reflect on the process of meeting the professional information through the social reality that permeates the contexts of information. Methodology: Reflection on theoretical aspects that deal with the cognitive development to discuss the implications of the cognitive approach in information science and its evolution in the scope of the representation and processing of information. Results: Research in Information Science must consider issues of cognitive and social order that underlie information processing and the process of knowing the information professional as knowledge structures must be explained from the social context of knowing subjects. Conclusions: There is a need to investigate the process of knowing the information professional in the bias of socio-cognitive approach, targeting new elements for the understanding of the relationship information (cognitive manifestations) and its implications on the social dimension.

Desempenho cognitivo-linguístico e leitura em escolares com transtorno do déficit de atençào e hiperatividade

OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to compare the cognitive-linguistic skills performance and reading of students with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and students without behavioral and/or learning disorders. METHOD: the study included 20 students from 5th to 8th grade of elementary school. The students were divided into: Group I (GI): composed by 10 students with an interdisciplinary diagnosis of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, and Group II (GII): composed by 10 students without complaints of behavioral and/or learning disorders. The tests of metalinguistic skills and reading (PROHMELE) were used as procedure, composed of syllabic and phonemic identification, syllabic and phonemic manipulation, repetition of nonwords and reading tests. RESULTS: the results showed statistically significant differences between GI and GII, demonstrating that students from GI presented superior performances when compared to the students from GII. CONCLUSION: according to the findings of this study we can conclude that the difficulties presented by students with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder can be attributed to inattention, hyperactivity and disorganization, characteristic of this diagnosis, and not to a disorder of language of phonological basis.

Capacidade funcional, declínio cognitivo e depressão em idosos institucionalizados: possibilidade de relações e correlações

This research was aimed to survey depressive episodes, functional and cognitive decline of an elderly population residing nursing homes (NH) located at Marília, São Paulo, Brazil, and, from statistical analysis, verify the potential correlations between depressive episodes, functional and cognitive decline, amongst themselves and with the variables: age, gender and education. There were subject to the research 57 elders living in the NH, aged between 59 and 98 and both sexes. The following tools were used to collect data: Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) to evaluate cognitive faculty, Barthel Index (BI) to evaluate cognitive faculty and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Indicadores de depressão e de declínio cognitivo em idosos institucionalizados: um estudo de caso

This case study objectified investigating the symptomatology prevalence for depression (DP) and cognitive decline (CD) on institutionalized elderly’s; verifying the existence of correlations between DP and CD with age, gender and scholarity; and analyzing the possible correlations between symptomatology for DP and CD. For the realization of this research were selected, in two Elderly’s Long-Permanence Institutions (ELPIs), 24 subjects, which were classified according to gender, scholarity and age group. To verify the occurrence of CD, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was applied and, for the incidence of DP, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was applied. The data were tabulated and descriptively analyzed. For the study of the relations between quantitative variables, the Pearson correlation test was utilized and also the Spearmann test when necessary; for the comparison between two independent groups, the Student's t-test was utilized; for the verification of the association between gender, scholarity, DP and CD indicatives, the Pearson's X2 test and, due to theoretical restriction, the Fisher's exact test were utilized. The level of 5% probability was adopted for the rejection of nullity's hypothesis on all the tests. The research demonstrated that 50% of the research' subjects presented DP indicatives and 54.2% presented CD indicatives. Associations between: gender and DP (p = 0.414), gender and CD (p = 0.219), scholarity and CD (p = 0.527) were not observed. Positive regular correlation was verified between age and DP (r = 0.557; p = 0.005) and negative regular correlation was verified between DP and CD (r = -0.406; p = 0.049). The data suggest that DP might be a reaction to CD perceived by the subject. However, the hypothesis that indicates DP as a risk factor for CD and DM cannot be overruled, which suggests the importance of monitoring and treating depressive episodes on elderly populations.

Declínio cognitivo e depressão em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados: possibilidades de correlação

With aging, naturally occurs the decline of several functions. The depression (DP), pointed to be a risk factor for cognitive decline (DC), is frequent amongst elders. Activities aimed at cognitive rehabilitation (RC) can be protective for DP and DC. Objectives: Analyze the association between DC and DP on institutionalized elders (IDI) and non-institutionalized elders (IDNI) and verify the protective function (regarding DP and DC) of RC activities. Design and Method: For the analysis were selected 48 elders, from both genders, from where 24 were institutionalized and 24 were not. The subjects were distributed in four subgroups: 1) IDI participating RC (n=12); 2) non participant IDI on RC (n=12); 3) IDNI participating UNATI (“Open College for the Elderly”) and attendees of Memory Workshop (MW) (n=12) and; 4) IDNI participating UNATI, not attending MW (n=12). The data were gathered from the instruments: Mini Mental State Exam (MEEM) to determine the degree of DC and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to verify the symptomatology of DP. Results: From the general sample, 8,3% of the subjects presented indicatives of DC and 52,1% traces of DP. Lesser educated elders showed more incidence of DC and DP. There was no meaningful related to the DC prevalence and DP related to gender. Among the IDI there were more incidence of DC and DP than the IDNI. There were no meaningful differences in terms of scores acquired by MEEM and BDI for the subjects participating and not participating RC activities or MW. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary the development and application of curative and preventive strategies for depressive disorder. Special attention must be given for INI, more vulnerable to DP and DC.

Correlação entre habilidades cognitivo-linguísticas em escolares com dificuldades de aprendizagem

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)