Potencialidades da utilização de compostos de ródio na confecção de sensores eletroquímicos: uma breve revisão

The electrochemistry field has increased in recent years, specially in the search for new sensors to monitor specific analyte in complex samples. In order to improve electrodes, many rhodium compounds have been used as electron mediators for novel sensors development. The most used compounds for this purpose are metal, metal complexes and some organic dyes. Rhodium complexes are known by their good catalytic properties and it could be useful in the sensor field. However, there are only a few reports, on the use of rhodium complexes in sensors and biosensors. A brief review of the electrochemistry of rhodium complexes and some discription of their properties which make those compounds suitable for development of sensor and biosensor.

Avaluació de les emissions de gasos d’ efecte hivernacle a la ciutat de Girona i propostes de reeducació

En els últims 30 anys, la comunitat internacional ha anat agafant consciència dels efectes que pot tenir l’ increment de les emissions de gasos d’ efecte hivernacle (GEH). És per aquest motiu, entre d’ altres que es fan inventaris d’ emissions de GEH a nivell estatal i a gran escala. Aquest projecte té com a principal objectiu determinar i quantificar les emissions de GEH a escala local del municipi de Girona. Per tal de poder dur a terme aquest treball ha calgut buscar metodologies i softwares, que s’ han hagut d’ adaptar a la singularitat que té Girona, sobretot pel que fa al transport. Finalment es fan propostes que s’ adapten a la problemàtica del municipi

Alguns aspectos de imunoensaios aplicados à química analítica

In the last years, the use of antibody-antigen interactions, has earned attention not only for clinical analysis, but also for food industry and environmental control. Since the scope and diversity of immunoassay technology have shown a wide development. Continuous advances in order to analyse complex matrices, to improve reliability, simplicity (nonseparation) and to get multiple simultaneous assays, and extreme sensitivity (lower than zeptomole detection limits) are increasing. Many strategies have been investigated including chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays, DNA as label and development of flow injection and immunosensors techniques. This subject became very usefull and important in nowadays that are taught in the undergraduate courses of chemistry in the european universities. However in our country are still ignored in the chemistry course.

Filosofi

Samlingen med signum HB IIa finns vid huvudbiblioteket och innehåller filosofisk litteratur till och med år 1999. Vid Humanistiska biblioteket finns dessutom en samling filosofisk litteratur i anslutning till ämnet Filosofi. Stommen till akademibibliotekets filosofiska samlingar ligger i donationer. Några donatorer från äldre tid kan nämnas, som hovrättsauskultant Harry Streng, FM Kurt Reuter, prof. Rolf Lagerborg, teol.dr. Eric Hammarberg, prof. J.V.Tallqvist och fil.dr. Arne Törnudd. Friexemplar som erhållits från och med 1919 samt inköp kompletterar samlingen vid huvudbiblioteket. Den filosofiska litteraturen vid huvudbiblioteket söks med sökfunktionen Signum och söktermen HB IIa medan återvinning av litteratur tryckt före 1980 görs genom manuell sökning i huvudbibliotekets systematiska kortkatalog. Retroaktiv inmatning i databasen Alma gör att också litteratur tryckt 1830 t.o.m. 1979 med tiden blir sökbar i Alma. Från och med år 2000 ingår den filosofiska litteraturen vid huvudbiblioteket i en numerus currens-samling.

Psykologi

Samlingen med signum HB IId finns vid huvudbiblioteket och innehåller litteratur om psykologi till och med år 1999. I samlingen ingår handböcker och många klassiska verk. Vid Humanistiska biblioteket och i samband med ämnet Psykologi finns också psykologisk litteratur. Biblioteket har emottagit flere donationer innehållande psykologisk litteratur bl.a. av Ragnar Hollmérus, Kurt Reuter, Rolf Lagerborg, Eva Gadolin Lagerwall och Eric Hammarberg Speciellt handböcker och klassiska verk har köpts till samlingen. Friexemplar som erhållits från 1919 har kompletterat samlingen. Den psykologiska litteraturen söks i Alma med sökfunktionen Signum och söktermen HB IId. En del litteratur tryckt före 1980 skall sökas manuellt i huvudbibliotekets systematiska kortkatalog, men retroaktiv inmatning i Alma av litteratur tryckt mellan 1830 och 1979 pågår. Från och med år 2000 ingår den psykologiska litteraturen vid huvudbiblioteket i en numerus currens-samling.

Språk - engelska

Samlingen med signum HF Eng. finns vid Humanistiska biblioteket i anslutning till ämnet Engelska. I samlingen ingår litteratur om engelsk språkvetenskap och litteraturvetenskap liksom en del engelsk skönlitteratur. Akademibiblioteket har emottagit donationer innehållande engelskspråkig litteratur från bl.a. lektor Gunvor Stenberg, professor Sigurd Frosterus, fru Johanna Åkesson, teol.dr. Eric Hammarberg och direktör Ruben Hellsten. Inköp har kompletterat samlingen. Litteraturen i samlingen söks i Alma med sökfunktionen Signum och söktermen HF Eng.

Teologi

Samlingen med signum HB IIc1 finns vid huvudbiblioteket och innehåller littertur om teologi till och med år 1999. Vid Teologiska biblioteket har den teologiska litteraturen signum TF. Många tusen volymer teologisk litteratur har genom åren donerats till akademibiblioteket. En del littertur har fogats till samlingarna vid huvudbiblioteket medan andra donationer överförts till Teologiska biblioteket. Några donatorer från tidigare år kan nämnas såsom Fredrik Lindström, John Söderholm, Irja Weilin, Axel Rikberg och Eric Hammarberg. Litteraturen i samlingen söks med sökfunktionen Signum och söktermen HB IIc1. Litteratur tryckt före 1980 söks manuellt i den systematiska kortkatalogen. Retroaktiv inmatning i databasen Alma gör att litteratur tryckt mellan 1830 och 1979 med tiden blir sökbar i Alma. Från och med år 2000 ingår den teologiska litteraturen vid huvudbiblioteket i en numerus currens–samling.

L'activitat quotidiana d'un mestre de cases medieval. Bernat Gual, 1405-1453

[cat] En aquest article es repassa l'activitat del mestre de cases Bernat Gual, des que va signar un contracte d'aprenentatge amb el mestre d'aixa Domingo Ferrer, l'any 1405, fi ns que desapareix de la documentació municipal, l'any 1453. En aquests quaranta-vuit anys d'activitat, Gual es va fer càrrec de grans obres (com ara l'assut de Xerta-Tivenys), però també d'una gran quantitat de petits treballs, sempre al servei del Consell de la Ciutat. La seva tasca s'emmarca en el context arquitectònic de la Tortosa medieval, determinat per la catedral i el palau del bisbe, però també pel Pont de Barques, una important infraestructura de fusta que era conservada per artesans especialitzats.

Polyphenol intake and mortality risk: a re-analysis of the PREDIMED trial

Background: Polyphenols may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic diseases due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as their beneficial effects on blood pressure, lipids and insulin resistance. However, no previous epidemiological studies have evaluated the relationship between the intake of total polyphenols intake and polyphenol subclasses with overall mortality. Our aim was to evaluate whether polyphenol intake is associated with all-cause mortality in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. Methods: We used data from the PREDIMED study, a 7,447-participant, parallel-group, randomized, multicenter, controlled five-year feeding trial aimed at assessing the effects of the Mediterranean Diet in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching food consumption data from repeated food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) with the Phenol-Explorer database on the polyphenol content of each reported food. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between polyphenol intake and mortality were estimated using time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Over an average of 4.8 years of follow-up, we observed 327 deaths. After multivariate adjustment, we found a 37% relative reduction in all-cause mortality comparing the highest versus the lowest quintiles of total polyphenol intake (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.63; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.97; P for trend = 0.12). Among the polyphenol subclasses, stilbenes and lignans were significantly associated with reduced all-cause mortality (HR =0.48; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.91; P for trend = 0.04 and HR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.97; P for trend = 0.03, respectively), with no significant associations apparent in the rest (flavonoids or phenolic acids). Conclusions: Among high-risk subjects, those who reported a high polyphenol intake, especially of stilbenes and lignans, showed a reduced risk of overall mortality compared to those with lower intakes. These results may be useful to determine optimal polyphenol intake or specific food sources of polyphenols that may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality.

Histological Study of the Sex-Change in the Skunk Clownfish Amphiprion akallopisos

Sex change in the protandrous fish Amphiprion akallopisos Bleeker, 1853 (F.Pomacentridae) has been analysed. Experiments consisted of placing males together after being separated from their mates, and observe changes in gonad histology at different periods, in order to identify signs of the sex change process. The presence of a first invagination on the male gonad wall, and the observation of the first cortical alveoli oocytes as an indication of the beginning of the vitellogenesis process, was the first symptom of the sex change, which has been detected after 18 days in one of the males. Period needed for the sex changing process was size independent. The process by which wall invagination is converted into ovarian lumen in the future mature ovary is also described

Sexual dimorphism of sonic apparatus and extreme intersexual variation of sounds in Ophidion rochei (Ophidiidae): first evidence of a tight relationship between morphology and sound characteristics in Ophidiidae

Many Ophidiidae are active in dark environments and display complex sonic apparatus morphologies. However, sound recordings are scarce and little is known about acoustic communication in this family. This paper focuses on Ophidion rochei which is known to display an important sexual dimorphism in swimbladder and anterior skeleton. The aims of this study were to compare the sound producing morphology, and the resulting sounds in juveniles, females and males of O. rochei.Results: Males, females, and juveniles possessed different morphotypes. Females and juveniles contrasted with males because they possessed dramatic differences in morphology of their sonic muscles, swimbladder, supraoccipital crest, and first vertebrae and associated ribs. Further, they lacked the ‘rocker bone’ typically found in males. Sounds from each morphotype were highly divergent. Males generally produced non harmonic, multiple-pulsed sounds that lasted for several seconds (3.5 ± 1.3 s) with a pulse period of ca. 100 ms. Juvenile and female sounds were recorded for the first time in ophidiids. Female sounds were harmonic, had shorter pulse period (±3.7 ms), and never exceeded a few dozen milliseconds (18 ± 11 ms). Moreover, unlike male sounds, female sounds did not have alternating long and short pulse periods. Juvenile sounds were weaker but appear to be similar to female sounds.Conclusions: Although it is not possible to distinguish externally male from female in O. rochei, they show a sonic apparatus and sounds that are dramatically different. This difference is likely due to their nocturnal habits that may have favored the evolution of internal secondary sexual characters that help to distinguish males from females and that could facilitate mate choice by females. Moreover, the comparison of different morphotypes in this study shows that these morphological differences result from a peramorphosis that takes place during the development of the gonads