Sobre la enseñanza de las matemáticas en la Educación Secundaria española

Este artículo recoge el contenido de la intervención de su autor el 21 de febrero de 2002 ante la Ponencia sobre «La situación de las enseñanzas científicas en la educación secundaria» creada en la primavera de 2001 en la Comisión de Educación, Cultura y Deporte del Senado español, y en la que colaboran las Reales Sociedades de Matemáticas, Física y Química.

Implantación de las matemáticas en la educación secundaria obligatoria: un análisis en el contexto internacional

Hace ahora cinco años que comenzó a implantarse la educación secundaria obligatoria en algunos centros de diferentes lugares. Desde entonces, el número de estudiantes y de centros que se han incorporado a esta etapa educativa ha ido creciendo progresivamente. Tenemos ya alguna experiencia que nos permite hacer un primer balance de sus características más relevantes y sus efectos en relación con la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las matemáticas y de las condiciones en las que se ha ido poniendo en marcha.

Reflexión sobre los fines de la educación matemática

La delimitación de finalidades es un dato esencial para cualquier plan de formación: por ello, las finalidades de un currículo de matemáticas lo caracterizan en su extensión y alcance, y constituyen parte determinante en el proceso de su planificación.

Evaluación en educación matemática y sus efectos

La construcción de la didáctica de las matemáticas como área de conocimiento científico trata de romper con la ilusión de transparencia que emerge del dominio de realidad configurado por los hechos didácticos. En este trabajo analizaremos la transparencia de los hechos didácticos a partir de diferentes investigaciones llevadas a cabo en esta área de conocimiento. En ellas se muestra cómo el análisis epistemológico de los objetos matemáticos de enseñanza es una condición necesaria para poder interpretar racionalmente los hechos y fenómenos didácticos.

Análisis de los conocimientos probabilísticos del profesorado de educación primaria

Algunos profesores presentan dificultades para enseñar probabilidad, sobre todo en países en los que la incorporación de esta materia en el currículo es reciente y la preparación durante la formación inicial es escasa, como es el caso de Chile. Para diseñar programas de intervención que den lugar a una enseñanza idónea, se realiza un estudio exploratorio sobre el conocimiento didáctico-matemático para enseñar probabilidad, fundamentado en el modelo del Conocimiento Didáctico-Matemático (CDM). Con este propósito se ha administrado el Cuestionario CDM-Probabilidad a 93 profesores, cuyos resultados han puesto de manifiesto varios errores y dificultades, evidenciando la presencia de heurísticas y sesgos probabilísticos. Se concluye que es necesaria una mayor especialización del profesorado en todas las facetas de su conocimiento didáctico-matemático: conocimiento común del contenido, conocimiento ampliado del contenido y conocimiento especializado.

Virtual manufacturing and design in the real world - implementation and scalability on HPPC systems

Virtual manufacturing and design assessment increasingly involve the simulation of interacting phenomena, sic. multi-physics, an activity which is very computationally intensive. This chapter describes an attempt to address the parallel issues associated with a multi-physics simulation approach based upon a range of compatible procedures operating on one mesh using a single database - the distinct physics solvers can operate separately or coupled on sub-domains of the whole geometric space. Moreover, the finite volume unstructured mesh solvers use different discretization schemes (and, particularly, different ‘nodal’ locations and control volumes). A two-level approach to the parallelization of this simulation software is described: the code is restructured into parallel form on the basis of the mesh partitioning alone, that is, without regard to the physics. However, at run time, the mesh is partitioned to achieve a load balance, by considering the load per node/element across the whole domain. The latter of course is determined by the problem specific physics at a particular location.

The specification and design of an interactive virtual environment for use in teacher training

The original concept was to create a 'simulation' which would provide trainee teachers, specializing in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) with the opportunity to explore a primary school environment. Within the simulation, factors affecting the development and implementation of ICT would be modelled so that trainees would be able to develop the skills, knowledge and understanding necessary to identify appropriate strategies to overcome the limitations. To this end, we have developed Allsorts Primary - the prototype of a simulated interactive environment, representing a typical primary school

Exploiting virtual prototyping for reliability assessment

Products manufactured by the electronics sector are having a major impact in telecommunications, transportation space applications, biomedical applications, consumer products, intelligent hand held devices, and of course,the computer. Demands from end-users in terms of greater product functionality, adoption of environmentally friendly materials, and further miniaturization continually pose several challenges to electronics companies. In the context of electronic product design and manufacture, virtual prototying software tools are allowing companies to dramatically reduce the number of phsysical prototypes and design iterations required in product development and hence reduce costs and time to market. This paper details of the trends in these technolgies and provides an example of their use for flip-chip assembly technology.

Powering the virtual university with standard portal technology

This article describes ongoing research on developing a portal framework based on the OASIS Web Services for Remote Portlets (WSRP) standard for integration of Web-based education contents and services made available through a model for a European Networked University. We first identify the requirements for such a framework that supports integration at the presentation level and collaboration in developing and updating study programmes and course materials. We then outline the architecture design, and report on the initial implementation and preliminary evaluation.

Virtual assignments: breach of covenant against parting with or sharing of possession

Comments on the Chancery Division decision in Clarence House Ltd v National Westminster Bank Plc on whether the alienation covenant in a lease of commercial premises had been breached by the tenant effecting a virtual assignment of it, under which all the economic benefits and burdens of the lease were transferred to a third party without there being any actually assignment of the leasehold interest or change in occupancy.

Delivering processing instruction in classroom and virtual contexts

Processing Instruction (PI) is an approach to grammar instruction for second language learning. It derives its name from the fact that the instruction (both the explicit explanation as well as the practices) attempt to influence, alter, and/or improve the way learners process input. PI contrasts with traditional grammar instruction in many ways, most principally in its focus on input whereas traditional grammar instruction focuses on learners' output. The greatest contribution of PI to both theory and practice is the concept of "structured input", a form of comprehensible input that has been manipulated to maximize learners' benefit of exposure to input. This volume focuses on a new issue for PI, the role of technology in language learning. It examines empirically the differential effects of delivering PI in classrooms with an instructor and students interacting (with each other and with the instructor) versus on computers to students working individually. It also contributes to the growing body of research on the effects of PI on different languages as well as different linguistic items: preterite/imperfect aspectual contrast and negative informal commands in Spanish, the subjunctive of doubt and opinion in Italian, and the subjunctive of doubt in French. Further research contributions are made by comparing PI with other types of instruction, specifically, with meaning-oriented output instruction.

Engineering design knowledge management in de-centralised virtual enterprises

The problems of collaborative engineering design and knowledge management at the conceptual stage in a network of dissimilar enterprises was investigated. This issue in engineering design is a result of the supply chain and virtual enterprise (VE) oriented industry that demands faster time to market and accurate cost/manufacturing analysis from conception. The solution consisted of a de-centralised super-peer net architecture to establish and maintain communications between enterprises in a VE. In the solution outlined below, the enterprises are able to share knowledge in a common format and nomenclature via the building-block shareable super-ontology that can be tailored on a project by project basis, whilst maintaining the common nomenclature of the ‘super-ontology’ eliminating knowledge interpretation issues. The two-tier architecture layout of the solution glues together the peer-peer and super-ontologies to form a coherent system for both internal and virtual enterprise knowledge management and product development.

Ocean Virtual Laboratory: A new way to explore multi-sensor synergy demonstrated over the Agulhas region

Ocean Virtual Laboratory is an ESA-funded project to prototype the concept of a single point of access for all satellite remote-sensing data with ancillary model output and in situ measurements for a given region. The idea is to provide easy access for the non-specialist to both data and state-of-the-art processing techniques and enable their easy analysis and display. The project, led by OceanDataLab, is being trialled in the region of the Agulhas Current, as it contains signals of strong contrast (due to very energetic upper ocean dynamics) and special SAR data acquisitions have been recorded there. The project also encourages the take up of Earth Observation data by developing training material to help those not in large scientific or governmental organizations make the best use of what data are available. The website for access is: http://ovl-project.oceandatalab.com/

MOOC (Massive Online Open Courses) como método-plataforma educativa en el ámbito universitario

Se describen y analizan los MOOCs (Massive Online Open Course) como método de difusión de información y documentación en los ámbitos educativos universitarios. Para ello se describe que son los MOOCs, mostrando su pujanza y su reciente aparición y desarrollo, y describiendo las muchas potencialidades y posibilidades que plantean, al igual que se describen los principales problemas. El desarrollo y utilidad de los MOOCs se ha planteado especialmente en el ámbito universitario, siendo utilizado como mecanismo para facilitar cursos en línea con el fin de difundir conocimiento científico y como método de marketing y financiación en las instituciones de educación superior.