Utilización de columnas verticales de filtración de manta y arena como pre-tratamiento de un sistema de filtración lenta

Slow sand filtration is an efficient water treatment technique used for treating surface water with relatively low levels of contamination. Despite the slow sand filtration at pathogen, algae and cyanobacteria removal efficiency, it has some restrictions in relation to the required area for slow filters, and the cleaning activities for the filters and the stone pre-filters when used in the treatment. This research evaluated during 120 days the use of non woven & sand pre-filtration columns as part of a slow filtration process for the apparent color, turbidity, algae, cyanobacteria, phytoflagellates and diatomaceous. The columns shown an efficient removal of the monitored parameters and demonstrated as a vantage their faster and easier cleaning process and less awkward than the required to the stone pre-filters. The turbidity removal efficiency increased progressively during the experiment, especially after the first 35 days of the start; the apparent color removal by the pre-filtration columns was of 85%, and working together with the polishing of activated carbon columns was up to 95; the diatomaceous, phytoflagellates, algae and cyanobacteria removal by the columns achieve a weekly average of 95%, its recommended to use filtration rates lower to 1,5m(3)/m(2)/d.

Síntese e caracterização estrutural e magnética da ferrita de cálcio

The calcium ferrite (Ca2Fe2O5) has a perovskite-type structure with oxygen deficiency and is used as a chemical catalyst. With the advent of nanoscience and nanotechnology, methods of preparation, physical and chemical characterizations, and the technological applications of nanoparticles have attracted great scientific interest. Calcium nanostructured ferrites were produced via high-energy milling, with subsequent heat treatment. The milling products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, magnetization and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Samples of the type Ca2Fe2O5 were obtained from the CaCO3 and Fe2O3 powder precursors, which were mixed stoichiometrically and milled for 10h and thermally treated at 700ºC, 900ºC and 1100ºC. The Mössbauer spectra of the treated samples were adjusted three subespectros: calcium ferrite (octahedral and tetrahedral sites) and a paramagnetic component, related to very small particles of calcium ferrite, which are in a superparamagnetic state. For samples beats in an atmosphere of methyl alcohol, there is a significant increase in area associated with the paramagnetic component. Hysteresis curves obtained are characteristic of a weak ferromagnetic-like material

Uso das técnicas de infravermelho e de ressonância magnética nuclear na caracterização da reação ácido-base de um cimento odontológico experimental

Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are products of the acid-base setting reaction between an finely fluoro-alumino silicate glass powder and poly(acrylic acid) in aqueous solution. The sol gel method is an adequate route of preparation of the glasses used to obtain the GICs. The objective of this paper was to compare two powders: a commercial and an experimental and to investigate the structural changes during hardening of the cements by FTIR and Al MAS NMR. These analyses showed that the experimental glass powder reacted with organic acid to form the GICs and it is a promising material to manufacture dental cements.

Medida da permeabilidade magnética em fio delgado ferromagnético

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Modelos de paisagem e susceptibilidade magnética na identificação e caracterização do solo

O conhecimento detalhado do solo e de seus atributos, ao longo da paisagem, é uma demanda permanente dos sistemas urbanos e agroindustriais, para o planejamento sustentável de uso e ocupação. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar o potencial de modelos de paisagem e susceptibilidade magnética na identificação e caracterização de latossolos, em Guariba (SP). Foram coletadas 514 amostras de solo, em 110,0 ha, às profundidades de 0,0-0,20 m e 0,60-0,80 m. Foram identificados diferentes compartimentos de paisagem, com base no modelo de superfície geomórfica e segmento de vertente. em cada compartimento de paisagem, foram abertas trincheiras, para classificação do solo. As amostras foram analisadas quanto à granulometria e atributos químicos, pH (água, CaCl2 e KCl), matéria orgânica, P extraível, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ e H+ + Al3+. Também foram determinados os teores de SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 e óxidos de Fe livres (Fe d) e pouco cristalizados (Fe o), nas amostras das trincheiras, além da susceptibilidade magnética (SM). Solos taxonomicamente iguais, porém em diferentes compartimentos da paisagem, apresentaram valores distintos, para os atributos estudados, indicando que os modelos de paisagem e a susceptibilidade magnética podem ser viáveis, como técnica de campo, para auxiliar no detalhamento da variação dos atributos do solo. A susceptibilidade magnética demonstrou ter potencial para delimitação das superfícies geomórficas mapeadas no campo, o que indica o seu potencial de uso, na identificação e caracterização de áreas mais homogêneas.

Estudo comparativo dos métodos de ultra-sonografia, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética no estadiamento e invasão das estruturas adjacentes por tumores renais.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography (US), Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance imaging (MR) were compared for the staging of renal tumors. The differences between these imaging techniques were also studied for their ability to detect adenopathies, vascular invasion, distant intra-abdominal metastases, and particularly adjacent organ invasion. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with solid or complex renal masses were prospectively studied using US, CT, and MR. Differences between the results obtained were studied using the COCHRAN G test and the McNEMAR test. The sensitivity and specificity of each diagnostic technique were compared against a gold standard of the surgical and histopathological findings. RESULTS: The following sensitivities were obtained: For the detection of adenopathy, US 63.6%, CT and MR 90.9%. For vascular invasion, US 42.8%, CT and MR 85.7%. For the adjacent organ invasion, US 28.5%, CT 85.7%, and MR 71.4%. Some of the criteria that suggest invasion of adjacent structures include: the envelopment of the adjacent structures by the tumor, tumor extension into the adjacent structures with an irregular appearance, and alterations in shape, size, and density of adjacent structures. Loss of fat planes between the tumor and adjacent structures is not a sign of tumor invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences were found in the detection capacity of US in relation to CT and MR, which were similar. All three techniques were highly sensitive and specific only in the detection of distant abdominal metastases. In addition to the accuracy of these diagnostic modalities for the detection and staging of tumors, invasiveness, risks and cost should be considered in relation to relative costs and benefits.

Las dimensiones socioeconómicas de la desertificación: avances en la utilización de indicadores: un ejercicio en el caso de Mendoza, Argentina

Incluye Bibliografía

Los cuadros de oferta y utilización, las matrices de insumo-producto y las matrices de empleo

Incluye bibliografía

La utilización del muestreo en los censos de población y vivienda

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La utilización de las encuestas de uso del tiempo en las políticas públicas

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Viabilidad económica de la utilización de biogás para la conversión en energía eléctrica

The economic viability of the electrical power generation using biogas from swine wastes, was determined. The analyzed biodigester is a continuous tubular model with brick concrete duct and plastic covering with a gasometer, in which the waste of 2.300 fattening pigs are deposited daily. The initial investment estimate for the installation was R$ 51.537, the system annual costs were R$ 5.700, for maintenance, R$ 4.400 for depreciation and R$ 1.370 for interests. It was found that an average consumption of 28 kW-hour-1 is the minimum that the system must reach to be economically feasible.

Suscetibilidade magnética na identificação de compartimentos da paisagem em uma vertente

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Sociodemografía con microdatos censales: su uso en mercadotecnia y en las decisiones empresariales (con especial referencia a la utilización de microdatos censales para la estratificación socioeconómica de hogares y territorios)

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Utilización de informaciones estadísticas en investigaciones demográficas sobre Chile realizadas por CELADE

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Programas de planificación de la familia: algunas tabulaciones recomendables y su utilización

Incluye Bibliografía