参与肿瘤侵袭和转移的细胞外基质降解酶

肿瘤细胞在侵袭和转移过程中必需穿透一系列天然组织屏障—基底膜和细胞外基质。合成及分泌大量基质降解酶，降解细胞外基质是肿瘤细胞侵袭、转移的重要步骤［１］。目前所知与肿瘤侵袭、转移有关的基质降解酶有两大类：蛋白酶类和糖苷酶类，前者主要降解细胞外基质中的蛋...

Crystal structure and mechanism of (Z)-1-[2-(phenyl-bromide-chloride)vinyl]-1-cyclohexanol

The crystal structure and mechanism of the title molecule are described. This crystal is orthorhombic, belonging to space group PC21/B with a=1,002 1(2) nm, b=1.483 0(3) nm, c=2.173 6(4) nm, V=3.230 39(2) nm(3), Z=2, D-c=1.80 g/cm(3), R=0.069 3. The structure was solved by direct method. The tin atom of the title compound exists in two distorted-trigonal-bipyramidal geometry, defined by two carbon, one bromide, one chloride and one oxygen atoms leading to a five-membered chelate ring. In the structure, the five-membered ring containing the intermolecular O-->Sn has a half chair conformation.

SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF [(ME4C2CP2SMCL.MGCL2.3THF)THF]2

[(Me4C2Cp2SmCl.MgCl2.3THF)THF]2 was prepared by the reaction of Me4C2Cp2MgCl2.4THF (Cp=C5H4, THF = tetrahydrofuran) with SmCl3 in THF. The crystals belong to triclinic space group P-1 with a 12.149(3), b 13.187(4), c 13.810(5) angstrom, alpha 117.23(2), beta 94.07(2), gamma 62.86(2)-degrees, V = 1723.9(1.0) angstrom3. In the molecular structure of the title compound there is a symmetrical centre and a quadrilateral formed by SM, Mg, Cl1, Cl2 atoms. Two centroids of the cyclopentadienyls, bridged by a tetramethylethano group form with three bridging chlorine atoms (Cl1, Cl2, Cl1a) a pseudo-trigonal bipyramid around Sm. Three oxygen atoms of THF and three chlorine atoMS (Cl1, Cl2, Cl3) constitute a distorted octahedron around Mg.

Responses of vegetative gametophytes of Undaria pinnatifida to high irradiance in the process of gametogenesis

The population of Undaria pinnatifida in its ecologic niche sustains itself in high temperature summer in the form of vegetative gametophytes, the haploid stage in its heteromorphic life cycle. Gametogenesis initiates when seawater temperature drops below the threshold levels in autumn in the northern hemisphere. Given that the temperature may fall into the appropriate range for gametogenesis, the level of irradiance determines the final destiny of a gametophytic cell, either undergoing vegetative cell division or initiating gametogenesis. In elucidating how vegetatively propagated gametophytes cope with changes of irradiance in gametogenesis, we carried out a series of culture experiments and found that a direct exposure to irradiance as high as 270 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1) was lethal to dim-light (7-10 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1)) adapted male and female gametophytes. This lethal effect was linearly corelated with the exposure time. However, dim-light adapted vegetative gametophytes were shown to be able tolerate as high as 420 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1) if the irradiance was steadily increased from dim light levels (7-10 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1)) to 90, 180 and finally 420 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1), respectively, at a minimum of 1-3 h intervals. Percentage of female gametophytic cells that turned into oogonia and were eventually fertilized was significantly higher if cultured at higher but not lethal irradiances. Findings of this investigation help to understand the dynamic changes of population size of sporophytic plants under different light climates at different site-specific ecologic niches. It may help to establish specific technical details of manipulation of light during mass production of seedlings by use of vegetatively propagated gametophytes.

牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus（♀）×夏鲆Paralichthys dentaus（♂）分子遗传学及数量遗传学研究

本论文采用扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）技术对牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus群体和夏鲆Paralichthys dentaus 群体进行了种群鉴定和遗传结构分析。共用8 对引物对两个群体（每个群体30 个个体）进行了分析。总共产生了379 个条带，条带大小在60－1000bp。牙鲆与夏鲆的遗传多态性分别为53.83%和22.22%。牙鲆群体的多态位点数显著低于夏鲆群体。牙鲆群体和夏鲆群体种的特异条带分别为27.3% 和 29.61%。两群体平均杂和度分别为0.0701 和 0.1556，香农氏多态指数分别为0.1044 和0.2387。群体内平均遗传距离分别为0.0705 （0.0214 到0.1377）和0.1656 （0.0629 到 0.2338），两群体间的平均遗传距离为0.6328。 AFLP 技术是进行种间群体结构分析的一个很好的分子标记方法，对牙鲆和夏鲆亲本群体进行遗传背景析为今后的杂交育种阐明种间杂交的遗传机理奠定基础。 在本论文中我们采用5×8 因子交配设计建立了牙鲆P. olivaceus（♀）× 夏鲆P. dentaus（♂）杂交家系，对生长相关性状的遗传力进行分析。所有家系都混合养殖在同一养殖池中，40 日龄，在养殖池中随机采集600 个个体，测量体长，体宽，体重等数量性状；然后提取杂交子代DNA 进行家系的鉴定。首先从牙鲆的微卫星中筛选了在牙鲆、夏鲆以及杂交子代扩增多态性较好的10 对微卫星引物（Po1, Po13, Po20, Po35, Po42, Po48, Po56, Po58, Po91, Poli 23TUF）。我们采用了三对引物对600 个个体进行了家系鉴定，共有400 多个体鉴定出自己的亲本，成功率达到80％以上。基于以上结果我们认为微卫星标记可以做为一个有效的标记来代替现实的物理标记，并且可以在子代的早期进行亲本的鉴定。 在养殖过程中，我们对自交和杂交家系生长状况进行了跟踪分析，在181刘清华 牙鲆（♀）×夏鲆（♂）分子遗传学及数量遗传学研究 博士学位论文II日龄之前杂交鲆体长和体重均为未表现出杂种优势，杂种优势率值始终为负值，但是绝对值在逐渐减小。从196 日龄之后杂交鲆杂种优势开始表现出来，并且在196 日龄之后杂种优势率显著的增加。256 日龄体长杂种优势率为14.29%，体重杂种优势率为59.78%, 271 日龄体长杂种优势率达到27.36%，体重杂种优势率为 102.32%。 本研究对杂交鲆在40 日龄的体长，体高、尾柄长、尾柄高，以及全长和体重的遗传力进行了估计，5 个性状的体长半同胞遗传力h2 S 为0.00146－0.719，5个性状的全同胞遗传力h2D 为0.00121－0.632，5 个性状的半同胞和全同胞的平均遗传力h2SD 为0.001335－0.6755。其中全长的遗传力最大。实验结果说明对早期幼鱼进行体长、体重等性状实施选育策略可能会显著影响后期杂交鲆的生长。

工业机器人的学习控制

加速度传感器装在机械手手部,各关节的加速度由加速度分解算法得到.然后,提出了一种学习控制法,这种控制法利用加速度误差校正驱动器运动.并提出了一种基于几何级数的极限条件估计学习控制过程收敛条件的理论方法.本文所提出的学习控制理论的有效性通过 PUMA-562 机器人的计算机仿真实验得到了证实.

东营凹陷幔源流体对原油生物标志化合物的影响研究

A large number of mantle-derived fluid activities occurred in the Dongying Sag. On the basis of the studies on the geochemical characteristics of these fluids in this sag, the spatial distribution of biomarkers in petroleum and their relationships with the parameters of mantle-derived fluids were studied, to reveal the influence of mantle-derived fluids on the biomarkers and to evaluate the reliability of these biomarkers when applied to oil-source correlation and maturity analysis. Most biomarkers used in oil correlation kept the characteristics of their sources during burial thermal evolution. Even some of them were not influenced by mantle derived fluids, such as the relative content of C27-C29 steroid（ααα20R）and C21/C23 tricyclic terpane. However, Pr/Ph and C35/C34 hopanes were sensitive to both heat energy and materiel input by the mantle-derived fluids. γ-waxnae/C30hopanes and C24 tetracyclic terpanes /C26 tricyclic terpanes responded only to thermal influence by mantle-derived fluids. They did not chemically reacted with the mantle-derived fluids. Fluorene series compounds reacted with hydrogen and / or carbon dioxide from the mantle. Mantle-derived fluids affected most maturity index. The huge thermal energy with mantle-devied fluids weakened the relationship between the maturity parameters and depth. Among them, pregnane/C27-29 steroid and Ts/(Ts+Tm) were more sensitive to the heat of the fluids. ααα20S/(20S+20R) took the second place. αββ/(ααα+αββ) and 22S/(22S+22R) were not thermally influenced by the mantle-derived fluid. Besides, the substance of mantle-derived fluids reacted with fragrants, hopanes or moretanoids and thus altered the values of MPI1, MPI2, MPR, C30 hopanes/(C30 hopanes + moretanoids) and alkyl-diben zothiophene/diben zothiophene. The thermal alernation of phenanthrene series and their spatial distribution show that the heat energy carried by mantle-derived fluids was not fierce but spread widely in Dongying Sag, which is favorable to hydrocarbon generation with little destroy. In sum, mantle-derived fluids affected biomarkers through thermal energy and chemical reactions and changed the values of oil-source correlation and maturity parameters in the deep-seated fault belts. Therefore, in the deep-seated fault belts, oil-source correlation should be restudied and the new parameters need to be explored.

基于岩溶生态系统特性的水土流失敏感性评价

在岩溶地区大范围内进行土壤侵蚀风险评价需要寻求新的简单有效的方法,建立适合岩溶地区特点的评估模型,才能避免水土流失治理规划的失误。考虑岩溶地区碳酸盐岩成土速率低、存在石漠化等特点,选取土壤允许流失量和退化岩溶生态系统的基岩裸露率,结合年平均降水、坡度、植被指数,在生成各单因素评价图的基础上,在Arcview中完成单因素图的叠加分析,得到贵州省岩溶地区水土流失敏感性综合评价图,并将其划分为不敏感、轻度敏感、中度敏感和强度敏感四级。在此基础上,探讨了贵州省水土流失敏感性的空间分异规律,提出水土流失预防治理的优先区。

Crescimento retardado de seringueira plantada como toco alto em faixas abertas em capoeira alta, com enxertia de copa no local de plantio.

Por ser especie heliofila, a seringueira e' plantada em pleno sol. Por esse motivo, foi testado o comportamento de plantio, em trilhas abertas na capoeira, de toco alto que, por medir de 2,10m a 2,40m de altura e possuir maior quantidade de reservas do que as mudas tradicionais, traria as vantagens de reducao do custo de preparo da area, evitando a derruba e queima, com preservacao da materia organica do solo, alem da incorporacao gradual da biomassa da capoeira. As copas de Hevea pauciflora apresentam derrama natural tardia, sugerindo que seu ponto de compensacao luminosa e' mais baixo do que o de H. brasiliensis. Desse modo, copas enxertadas com H. pauciflora poderiam tolerar melhor a fase de crescimento a sombra parcial da capoeira. O tratamento com copa propria apresentou o menor perimetro de caule, com valores tambem baixos nos blocos em pleno sol. Os incrementos anuais em perimetro de caule, apos a decapitacao dos enxerto de copa, permaneceram muito baixos na capoeira, nos tres anos consecutivos, e atingiram valores sucessivamente mais altos em pleno sol, exceto com a copa propria. Os resultados com as copas enxertadas de H. pauciflora demostram, portanto, ser inviavel o plantio em capoeira, nas condicoes descritas neste trabalho.

C-Kit(+) Cells Isolated from Developing Kidneys Are a Novel Population of Stem Cells with Regenerative Potential

The presence of tissue specific precursor cells is an emerging concept in organ formation and tissue homeostasis. Several progenitors are described in the kidneys. However, their identity as a true stem cell remains elusive. Here, we identify a neonatal kidney-derived c-kit(+) cell population that fulfills all of the criteria as a stem cell. These cells were found in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and exhibited clonogenicity, self-renewal, and multipotentiality with differentiation capacity into mesoderm and ectoderm progeny. Additionally, c-kit(+) cells formed spheres in nonadherent conditions when plated at clonal density and expressed markers of stem cells, progenitors, and differentiated cells. Ex vivo expanded c-kit(+) cells integrated into several compartments of the kidney, including tubules, vessels, and glomeruli, and contributed to functional and morphological improvement of the kidney following acute ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Together, these findings document a novel neonatal rat kidney c-kit(+) stem cell population that can be isolated, expanded, cloned, differentiated, and used for kidney repair following acute kidney injury. These cells have important biological and therapeutic implications. STEM Cells 2013;31:1644-1656

Una testimonianza silenziosa.Storia della Chiesa cattolica in Tunisia dal Trattato del Bardo alla ‘rivoluzione dei gelsomini’

The work examines the change involving the Church in Tunisia from the period of the Protectorate to the present through the fundamental moments of independence (1956) and the signing of the ‘Modus vivendi’ (1964). In the first structure of the “modern” Church, a fundamental role was played by the complex figure of the French Cardinal Charles-Allemand Lavigerie who, while giving strong impulse to setting up disinterested charitable social initiatives by the congregations (Pères Blancs, Soeurs Blanches and others), also represented the ideal of the ‘evangelizing’ (as well as colonial) Church which, despite its declared will to avoid proselytism, almost inevitably tended to slip into it. During the French Protectorate (1881-1956) the ecclesiastic institution concentrated strongly on itself, with little heed for the sensitivity of its host population, and developed its activities as if it were in a European country. From the social standpoint, the Church was mostly involved in teaching, which followed the French model, and health facilities. In the Church only the Pères Blancs missionaries were sincerely committed to promoting awareness of the local context and dialogue with the Muslims. The Catholic clergy in the country linked its religious activity close to the policy of the Protectorate, in the hope of succeeding in returning to the ancient “greatness of the African Church”, as the Eucharistic Congress in Carthage in 1930 made quite clear. The Congress itself planted the first seed in the twentyfive- year struggle that led the Tunisian population to independence in 1956 and the founding of the Republic in 1957. The conquest of independence and the ‘Modus vivendi’ marked a profound change in the situation and led to an inversion of roles: the Catholic community was given the right to exist only on the condition that it should not interfere in Tunisian society. The political project of Bourguiba, who led the Republic from 1957 to 1987, aimed to create a strongly egalitarian society, with a separation between political and religious powers. In particular, in referring to the Church, he appeared as a secularist with no hostility towards the Catholics who were, however, considered as “cooperators”, welcome so long as they were willing to place their skills at the service of the construction of the state. So, in the catholic Community was a tension between the will of being on the side of the country and that of conserving a certain distance from it and not being an integral part of it. In this process of reflection, the role of the Second Vatican Council was fundamental: it spread the idea of a Church open to the world and the other religions, in particular to Islam: the teaching of the Council led the congregations present in the country to accept the new condition. This new Church that emerged from the Council saw some important events in the process of “living together”, of “cultural mixing” and the search for a common ground between different realities. The almost contemporary arrival of Arab bishops raised awareness among the Tunisians of the existence of Christian Arabs and, at the same time, the Catholic community began considering their faith in a different way. In the last twenty years the situation has continued to change. Side by side with the priests present for decades or even those born there, some new congregations have begun to operate, albeit in small numbers: they have certainly revitalized the community of the faithful, but they sometimes appear more devoted to service “within” the Church, than to services for the population, and are thus characterized by exterior manifestations of their religion. This sort of presence has made it possible for Bourguiba's successor, Ben Ali (president from 1987 to 2011), to practice forms of tolerance even more clearly, but always limited to formal relations; the Tunisians are still far from having a real understanding of the Catholic reality, with certain exceptions connected to relations on a personal and not structured plane, as was the case in the previous period. The arrival of a good number of young people from sub-Saharan Africa, most of all students, belonging to the JCAT, and personnel of the BAD has “Africanized” the Church in Tunisia and has brought about an increase in Christians' exterior manifestations; but this is a visibility that is not blatant but discreet, with the implicit risk of the Church continuing to be perceived as a sort of exterior body, alien to the country; nor can we say, lacking proper documentation, how it will be possible to build a bridge between different cultures through the “accompaniment” of Christian wives of Tunisians. Today, the Church is living in a country that has less and less need of it; its presence, in the schools and in health facilities, is extremely reduced. And also in other sectors of social commitment, such as care for the disabled, the number of clergymen involved is quite small. The ‘revolution’ in 2011 and the later developments up to the present have brought about another socio-political change, characterized by a climate of greater freedom, but with as yet undefinable contours. This change in the political climate will inevitable have consequences in Tunisia’s approach to religious and cultural minorities, but it is far too soon to discuss this on the historical and scientific planes.