947 resultados para Doentes mentais
Resumo:
Esse estudo tem como objetivo, utilizando revisão de literatura, evidenciar a importância na atividade física para pacientes com transtornos mentais, com foco mais específico na esquizofrenia. Por ser uma doença neurodegenerativa e que o paciente geralmente convive muitos anos com o seu agravamento, busco mostrar os benefícios das práticas corporais na qualidade de vida e agravantes da doença, nos indivíduos acometidos por esta. Assim como saliento a importância de mais estudos com foco específico na atividade física, por se tratar de um tratamento não medicamentoso que traz benefícios físicos, fisiológicos, moral, afetivos e cognitivos. Apesar de não ser evidente o desaparecimento de sintomas específicos da doença, o exercício físico auxilia, principalmente, nos sintomas negativos da doença, os quais os medicamentos pouco afetam; além de ser uma das formas de tratamento para as doenças cardiorrespiratórias muito evidenciadas nos pacientes esquizofrênicos. Não obstante, vale ressaltar a importância de considerar a individualidade de cada sujeito, pois cada um responde de uma forma as atividades, seja por experiências anteriores, ou pelo agravo da doença; assim como o tipo de prática utilizada, a qual pode ser mais motivadora para alguns, e menos para outros
Resumo:
Ao longo da história, a doença mental passou por diversos períodos de críticas relações com a própria humanidade, exposta à vulnerabilidade dos mitos e pré-concepções que motivaram a perseguição e segregação daqueles seres humanos qualificados como “insanos”. No Brasil, as primeiras intervenções específicas de atendimento à doença mental só ocorreram a partir da segunda metade do século 19. Atualmente a doença mental representa um dos maiores gastos da rede do SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde) (Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, 1999). Nas últimas décadas, a fim de diminuir o tempo de internação e o gasto com medicamentos, um conjunto de iniciativas surgiu como forma de transformar a compreensão cultural e a relação da sociedade com as pessoas que apresentam transtornos mentais. Dentre as novas propostas humanizadoras de atendimento, a educação física e, particularmente, o exercício, vieram mostrar sua contribuição nessa área. Para Silva (1995), a atividade física acarreta uma complexa rede de reações bioenergéticas no organismo e essas acabam por melhorar o rendimento físico e mental dos pacientes nas atividades de vida diária. Tendo em vista a relevância da intervenção através da atividade física no campo da doença mental, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar resultados dos estudos que demonstraram os benefícios da atividade física para indivíduos com transtornos psiquiátricos, considerando os aspectos fisiológicos e emocionais dos mesmos, através de revisão da literatura científica. Para isso, foi feito um levantamento nas principais bases de dados através do cruzamento de palavras chaves, tais como “saúde mental e atividade física”, “doença mental e atividade física”, “esquizofrenia e atividade física”, “transtorno psiquiátrico e atividade física”, “transtorno bipolar e atividade física”. Os resultados dos estudos revelaram que a atividade física possui...
Resumo:
This study aimed at analyzing the scientific production on health care humanization in intensive-care and emergency units based on publications in national journals. Therefore, this is an integrative review of the national literature. The online database Literatura Latino-Americana do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde - Literature in the Health Sciences in Latin America and the Caribbean (LILACS) based on the Health Virtual Library (BVS) platform was used to select articles. The final sample in this review consisted of 21 articles. The presentation of results and data discussion was descriptively performed and divided into three themes: communication with relatives and the team, caregiver humanization and, finally, the difficulties faced to implement humanization. As regards communication, it is seen by the authors as a fundamental strategy to ensure quality in intensive care, and it is placed as a central axis in the humanization policy. Concerning caregiver humanization, the physical and mental overload resulting from the work process in these units are factors that interfere with personal relations between team members as well as with that between team members and patients. Among the difficulties faced for implementing humanized care for critical patients are the units’s physical and organizational structures, technology and health care professionals’ education, which is centered on the biomedical model. It was concluded that communication is considered to be fundamental for humanization of the care provided to critical patients, since it allows for the development of a network of meanings between patients, the team, families and the establishment. In order to implement care with humanized actions in urgency and emergency sectors, particularly in ICUs, it is necessary to change organizational culture and value health care professionals
Resumo:
Este trabalho teve como objetivo a realização de um levantamento bibliográfico da situação em que a cidade de Rio Claro, interior de São Paulo, se encontra em relação à Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana, uma vez que, o município foi apontado como foco da doença no ano de 2000 por mídias regionais. O trabalho visa identificar o período de maior número de casos bem como a situação atual da doença na cidade. Este levantamento bibliográfico, contou com auxilio de agentes de saúde da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e Instituto Adolfo Lutz presente na cidade, além de departamentos da prefeitura municipal envolvidos com tema. Ficou evidente que o município enfrentou períodos de surtos da doença, porém, atualmente a LTA está controlada, apresentando poucos casos em relação há anos anteriores. O atendimento aos doentes é oferecido gratuitamente na rede municipal de saúde. A cidade procura através dos órgãos envolvidos com o tema, conscientizar a população quanto ao risco e método de prevenção
Resumo:
The practice of regular physical activity has been considered a protective factor against the degenerative processes of the body, acting as a promoter of health, especially for risk groups such as obese and resistant groups exercise adherence as among the intellectually disabled (ID) . This study involved the administration of a training protocol and the physical parameters of longitudinal health in a subject about 43 years, intellectually deficient, hypertensive, obese and with a strong predisposition to develop diabetes and heart disease. The main objective of long-term program was to reduce body weight and normalize blood pressure (BP) after the student's physical activity and preferentially interfere with BP values at rest (ie before the daily schedule). The other objective was to improve general physical fitness. The protocol involved four meetings per week lasting one hour, in addition to participation in the program PROEFA (twice a week with sessions of one hour each), totaling 57 sessions spread over five months. The evaluation protocol included in each session the following tests: blood pressure measurements and heart rate, and amount of physical activity recorded via pedometer. Tests applied before and after the training included: anthropometric assessment, agility test, flexibility test, test drive through vertical and horizontal jumps and endurance to the test bench. The mass (kg) and BMI corresponded to the initial values of 127.7 kg and 42.05 kg m-2, and 5 months after 113.2 kg and 37.48 kg m-2, respectively. The waist-hip ratio was close to 1 after the intervention and this value corresponded to 0.98. For the test of agility (shuttle run) was not found improvement in performance. To test the values of the horizontal jump in pre-test were 52 cm and 56 cm post-test, vertical jump has been improved and...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumo:
Dramatic changes occur in the lives of patients on peritoneal dialysis and his family life, changing lifestyle, professional and social activities. Considering the important role of family in treatment, is crucial for nurses to know how these families perceive their role as caregivers and their difficulties and needs, in the process of peritoneal dialysis. The approach chosen for the study was the phenomenological method, based on Merleau-Ponty, who proposes to understand the human experience, from the description of those who lived it. The study findings show that in the beginning of treatment, family members, feel impacted with the disease severity and eager to become responsible for maintenance treatment, fearing not match the expectations.Guided by staff, appear confident in taking care and deal with the difficulties and complications of treatment, supported by professionals. However, resent the great changes in their social activities and work, his life turns out to be quite limited, due to the dedication to a sick family member. Many feel overwhelmed because they are not supported by other family members. Some envision a future outlook for renal transplant, others seem skeptical, given the long waiting list, especially when advanced age of the sick family member. These results suggest the need for individualized attention to family caregivers, and to encourage the family to organize itself and develop a joint work. In this sense, the design of health care, taking care with the focus of the family, it seems highly appropriate in preparing the plan of family orientation, this is defined as a dynamic unity, which, working in harmony, can contribute positively in the treatment of health a sick member
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Resumo:
Photodynamic therapy is a method of healing skin lesions , in addition to radiotherapy and brachytherapy are commonly used in the treatment of skin cancers , but it is still little known in Brazil , consisting of the application to the skin of a drug in the form of cream or lotion ( photosensitizer ) . It is absorbed by tumor cells and subsequently activated by light device , that wavelength of light in the order of 630 nanometers , promoting the selective destruction of cancer cells while preserving healthy cells around the lesion . It can be considered highly effective for treatment of skin cancer types of non-melanoma ( basal cell carcinoma , 85-100 % success in curing [ 3 ] , and Bowen's disease), actinic keratoses , which are precancerous lesions and still no studies that prove also action in the treatment of acne and aging caused by the sun . And the advantage of this treatment is that , when indicated , replace the surgical procedure , selectively treating the diseased cells . Thus, it offers better cosmetic results, reducing the risk of scarring [ 4 ]
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB
Resumo:
A cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito (CAVD) é uma enfermidade de caráter hereditário na qual há uma lenta e progressiva degeneração do miocárdio. As apresentações clínicas podem variar desde um animal saudável, assintomático, a episódios de síncope, fraqueza, intolerância ao exercício, tosse e aumento de volume abdominal. Visto a dificuldade diagnóstica devido às variações na forma de apresentação da doença e os diferentes achados de exames complementares, esta revisão sistemática tem como objetivo definir o melhor critério diagnóstico para a CAVD. Um total de 24 artigos foi utilizado, sendo que 18 destes relatavam o critério diagnóstico utilizado. O melhor exame complementar encontrado foi o eletrocardiograma (Holter-24 horas), no qual animais que apresentam mais de 1000 contrações ventriculares prematuras (CVPs) em 24 horas são considerados doentes
Resumo:
Periodontitis is an infectious disease characterized by the secretion of a variety of inflammatory mediators that lead to destruction of tooth supporting tissues, including the possible loss of alveolar bone, in association with infection with multiple species of bacteria. It is estimated that more than 400 species colonize the biofilm and some oral species related to periodontal disease is present in the subgingival including P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and T. denticola. However, other organisms may be related of this disease, as Filifactor allocis and Prevotella tannerae. These microorganisms and subproducts such as endotoxins released into the extracellular lead to the stimulation of metalloproteinase inducer glycoprotein (EMMPRIN, CD-147), which stimulates the release of MMPs by host cells, like fibroblasts and endothelial cells, thus leading to tissue destruction. The objective of this study was to detect F. allocis, P. tannerae, T. denticola and the glycoprotein EMMPRIN (CD-147) and its correlation with MMP-2 and MMP-9 in subgingival fluid samples of patients with chronic periodontitis. Fluids were collected from healthy and disease subgingival sites of 20 healthy individuals before basic periodontal treatment and after of 60 days of treatment. Their DNAs were extracted and portions of the 16S gene were amplified and performed conventional PCR. For immunological analysis and quantification of EMMPRIN (CD-147), MMP-2 and MMP-9 was used ELISA-Sandwich. Results demonstrated that the disease group showed significantly high amounts of T. denticola, F. alocis and P. tannerae when compared with health sites. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected in high concentrations with statistically significantly reduction after periodontal treatment to MMP-2, but without correlation with EMMPRIN.
Resumo:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)