Femininos de montar - Uma etnografia sobre experiências de gênero entre drag queens

The paper presents a discussion about gender and body in the drag queens experience at Natal city (RN). From the different concepts that characterizes the identity processes on subjects who perform gender transformation (transvestites, transsexuals and female impersonators), the justification for studying the drag character is observed as a means to understand matters that are important when you take such a position. Therefore, there is a need for a linkage between the various concepts responsible for this definition, in addition to considering the historical and cultural process responsible for the creation of such categories, identities and stereotypes among these individuals. In this sense it will be possible to carry out a critical analysis on the different social loads present in each representation, and understand what is at stake in the attribution of classifications and terminologies that are applied to different expressions of metamorphosis. This ethnography considers the debate from a field research conducted at LGBT social establishments and other performance spaces of these people, verifying their dynamics in these places and investigating relationships between performers, personas and characters and also backstage scene in which they participate

A cultura de índio, seu menino, vem de longe aqui : formação histórica e territorialização dos Tremembé/CE

This dissertation is based on the ethnography of a strategic selection of three Tremembé ethnic situations, which are situated in the backlands of Acaraú and Itarema, municipalities located in Ceará State (Northeast Brazil). My main aims are the following. Firstly, I reconstitute the historical and social formation of three localities, called Lagoa dos Negros, Telhas, and Queimadas, related to a particular origin myth which refers to Almofala, an extinct colonial Aldeamento in the seashore, where the Tremembé indians and other native populations were converted and gathered under missionary administration. According to the origin myth, these three localities were set up after a strong drought which happened in 1888 (the so called three eights) when a group of Tremembé families moved to the countryside and established close to the Lagoa dos Negros and, later on, they were segmented into smaller groups which started to live in other areas and places not far from the former location. Notably, I develop an anthropological approach to understand the historical formation of these three localities. Secondly, I analyze some processes of territorialization, which were emerged from the 1980s and had important consequences to these indigenous families throughout the next two decades. This historical dimension is re-appropriated and ressignified in ethnic terms. A third point of my work is the analysis of the construction of territorialities and also the cultural and symbolic dimensions which are formulated by the Tremembé Indians who live in these localities. Therefore, I investigate some cultural traditions and rituals, such as the Torém dance, but I also examine their multiple semantics, which constitute a transversal direction throughout the history understood by the Tremembé of the different social situations I researched. To sum up, there is a process of cultural actualization, which is still going on and presents itself through the ludic sphere as well as their political and religions dimensions, which are usually associated to the ritual presentation of the Torém

Co-evolution of friendships and antipathies: A longitudinal study of preschool peer groups

Material suplementar está disponível em: http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg. 2016.01509

Violência contra as mulheres trabalhadoras do sexo e vulnerabilidade ao HIV/AIDS em 10 cidades brasileiras

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2016.

Sobre la Falsedad y la Inevitabilidad: La Paradoja de la Condición Humana desde el Estudio de los Procesos Migratorios

INTRODUCCIÓN En los últimos tiempos, se percibe en la sociedad una preocupación hacia lo diferente que se manifiesta en procesos discriminatorios y de exclusión. La población y las instituciones manifiestan rechazo al otro-inmigrante con una legislación limitadora de derechos, unos medios de comunicación que alimentan una dinámica discriminadora y excluyente muy peligrosa y, un discurso de la clase política muy negativo para con los inmigrantes. El uso de frases y lemas que generalizan aspectos negativos y conectan la inmigración con el delito, con la amenaza al estado del bienestar y con el desempleo ha de calificarse como peligroso. El primer objetivo de este trabajo es entender a la persona en su paradoja. La paradoja de que somos seres sociales y rechazamos al otro. El segundo objetivo es por un lado, analizar la falsedad de afirmaciones como que “los inmigrantes cometen más delitos que los nacionales o que son más propensos al delito que los nacionales” y, por otro, comprobar que dichas afirmaciones son inevitables. DESARROLLO TEÓRICO En cuanto a la paradoja de que somos seres sociales y rechazamos al otro, se analiza el origen del rechazo al inmigrante desde la naturaleza y la condición humanas, lo que nos lleva a concluir que la percepción de una persona en sociedad se desarrolla en un proceso interrelacional e intersubjetivo que es eminentemente paradójico. La formación de la persona se desarrolla sobre la base del proceso de imitación, la identificación y reidentificación de la persona se exponen en teorías diversas, la teoría de la identidad de la comunidad cuyo máximo representante es Tajfel (1969), la teoría de las creencias de grupo de Bar-Tal (1990), la teoría de la amenaza comprehensiva de Stephan et al. (2005) y la teoría de los valores centrales de Bauman (2001). El segundo objetivo de esta tesis es por un lado, analizar la falsedad de afirmaciones como que “los inmigrantes cometen más delitos que los nacionales o que son más propensos al delito que los nacionales” para lo que se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica que concluye que los inmigrantes no cometen más delitos que los nacionales y que no son más propensos al delito que los nacionales; y, por otro, comprobar que dichas afirmaciones son inevitables, para lo que se ha aplicado el método estadístico cualitativo teniendo como base la pregunta 18 de la Encuesta del CIS número 2967 del año 2012 relativa a la percepción de la inmigración. Para la comprobación de que dichas afirmaciones son inevitables, se ha aplicado la metodología estadística cualitativa a la pregunta 18 de la Encuesta número 2967 del CIS del año 2012 cuya redacción es la siguiente “La inmigración, como todo, tiene aspectos positivos y negativos. ¿Y qué aspecto negativo destacaría más?” Con la aplicación del método Kendall-Stoyanov se obtuvieron coeficientes de concordancia en el orden de importancia de los items y coeficientes de ponderación que dan mejor información sobre cuán importante es un determinado aspecto negativo sobre los demás. La metodología expuesta se aplicó en dos Análisis fundamentales: un análisis descriptivo y un análisis multivariable. Con el análisis descriptivo se comparan las opiniones de las categorías sociodemográficas propuestas por el CIS. Dado que el análisis descriptivo puede considerarse excesivamente homogéneo y limitado, por cuanto se comparan categorías socio-demográficas que son univariable, se ha procedido a realizar un análisis multivariable comparando dos perfiles. El perfil del cosmopolita responde a las siguientes variables, Hombre o mujer, de 18-40 años, con estudios universitarios e ideología de izquierdas. El perfil provinciano o local responde a estas otras variables, Hombre o mujer, de más de 65 años, con educación básica o secundaria e ideología de derechas. Para numerosos autores (Diez Nicolás, 1999, Cea D´Ancona, 2004, Haubert y Fussel, 2006 y Ford, 2012), los perfiles sociodemográficos muestran que las personas de más de 65 años, de derechas, bajo estatus socioeconómico y baja educación son xenófobos. Por el contrario, la gente joven con alta educación, status socioeconómico alto, de izquierdas y los que han viajado al extranjero muestran menor grado de xenofobia. Sin embargo, tras la aplicación del método Kendall-Stoyanov a la pregunta 18 del CIS, ambos perfiles muestran una absoluta concordancia en cuanto al orden de los aspectos negativos y en cuanto a la importancia atribuida a dichos aspectos. CONCLUSIONES Como primera conclusión, se ha podido constatar lo paradójico de la condición humana. La revisión bibliográfica especializada concluye que los inmigrantes no cometen más delitos que los nacionales y que no son más propensos al delito que los nacionales. Por su parte, con los análisis descriptivo y multivariable, se demuestra la inevitabilidad del rechazo sobre la base de una opinión concordante u homogénea en la sociedad española en el año 2012. Esta homogeneidad se debe, entre otros, al proceso de securitización producido en la sociedad española en 2012. BIBLIOGRAFÍA BAR-TAL, D. (1990). Group Belief: A conception for Analyzing Group Structure, Processes and Behaviour. Springer Science+Business Media. Nueva York. BAUMAN, Z, (2001). “Identity in a Globalizing World”. Social Anthropology, vol. 1, issue 2, pp. 121-129. CEA D ́ANCONA, M.A. (2004). La activación de la xenofobia en España. ¿Qué miden las encuestas? Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas. Madrid. DÍEZ NICOLÁS, J. (1999). “Los Españoles y la Inmigración”. Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, Secretaría General de Asuntos Sociales, Instituto de Migraciones y Servicios Sociales. Observatorio Permanente de la Inmigración. FORD, R. (2012). “Parochial and Cosmopolitan Britain. Examining the Social Divide in Reactions to Immigration”. Transatlantic Trends Immigration Focus Papers. HAUBERT, J. and FUSSELL, E. (2006). “Explaining pro-immigrant sentiment in the U.S.: Social class, cosmpolitism, and perceptions of immigrants.” International Migration Review, vol. 40, n. 3. The Center for Migration Studes of Nueva Yor, Inc. pp. 489-507. STEPHAN, W. G., RENFRO, C. L., ESSES, V. M, STEPHAN. C.W. and MATINE, T. (2005). “The effects of feeling threatened on attitudes toward immigrants”. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. Volume 29, Issue 1, Pages 1–19. BAR-TAL, D. TAJFEL, H. (1969). “Cognitive Aspects of Prejudice”, 25 J. SOC. ISSUES 79-97.

Distinguishing predisposing factors for enamel hypoplasia and molar-incisor hypomineralization in children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Aim: To determine if the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia, molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and deciduous molar hypomineralisation (DMH) is associated with the socioeconomic status of the child and to determine the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia and MIH/DMH comorbidity in the study population. Methods: Information was collected on the sex and socioeconomic status of the 1,169 study participants’ resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, recruited through a household survey. The children were clinically examined to assess for the presence of enamel hypoplasia, MIH and DMH. Associations between sex, socioeconomic status and the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia, MIH and DMH were determined. The proportion of children with enamel hypoplasia and MIH/DMH co-morbidity was also determined. Results: Among the 1,169 study participants, 47(4.0%) had MIH, 15 (1.3%) had DMH and 161 (13.8%) had enamel hypoplasia. One (0.09%) study participant had MIH/DMH co-morbidity, 12 (1.0%) had DMH/enamel hypoplasia co-morbidity, and 9 (0.8%) had MIH/hypoplasia co-morbidity. There was no significant association between the socioeconomic status and presence of enamel hypoplasia (p=0.22), MIH (p=0.78) or DMH (p=1.00). Conclusions: The socioeconomic status cannot be used as a distinguishing factor for enamel hypoplasia, MIH and DMH. The possibility of co-existence of enamel hypoplasia and MIH/DMH makes it imperative to find ways to distinguish between the lesions.

Medications, youth therapeutic cultures and performance consumptions: a sociological approach

"This article analyses performance consumptions among young people. The theme is explored along two main axes. The first concerns the social heterogeneity in this field, considered on two levels: the different purposes for those investments – cognitive/mental and physical performance; and the different social contexts – university and work – where performance practices and dispositions may be fostered. The second axis explores the roles of pharmacological and natural consumptions, and their interrelationship, in the dissemination of these practices. The empirical data for this analysis were drawn from an ongoing research project on performance consumptions among young people (aged 18−29 years) in Portugal, including both university students and young workers without university education. The results correspond to the stage of extensive research, for which a questionnaire was organised at a national level, using non-proportional quota sampling. On the one hand, they show that (a) there is a hierarchy of acceptance of consumptions according to their purposes, with cognitive/mental performance showing higher acceptance and (b) both pharmaceuticals and natural products are consumed for every type of performance investment. On the other, the comparison between students and workers introduces a certain heterogeneity in this general backdrop, both in terms of the purposes for their consumptions and their opting for natural or pharmacological resources. These threads of heterogeneity will prompt a discussion of the dynamics of pharmaceuticalisation within the field of performance, in particular how therapeutic cultures may be changing in terms of the way individuals relate to medications, expanding their uses in social life."

The Impact of Education and Socioeconomic and Occupational Conditions on Self-Perceived and Mental Health Inequalities Among Immigrants and Native Workers in Spain

There is limited evidence on the influence of social determinants on the self-perceived and mental health of immigrants settled at least 8 years in Spain. The aim of this study was to examine differences between workers related to migrant-status, self-perceived and mental health, and to assess their relationship to occupational conditions, educational level and occupational social class, stratified by sex. Using data from the Spanish National Health Survey of 2011/12, we computed prevalence, odds ratios and explicative fractions. Mental (OR 2.02; CI 1.39–2.93) and self-perceived health (OR 2.64; CI 1.77–3.93) were poorer for immigrant women compared to natives. Occupational social class variable contributes 25 % to self-perceived health OR in immigrant women. Settled immigrant women workers are a vulnerable group in Spain.

Manifestações de junho de 2013 : análise da atuação dos movimentos sociais e antissistêmicos

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciência Política, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política, 2016.

Do saber ao sabor : estudo da relação entre saberes tácitos e explícitos expressos nas competências laborais de cozinheiros em situação de trabalho

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2016.

Student participation and disadvantage: limitations in policy and practice

The public policy of numerous nations, including Australia, articulates a clear expectation that schools will develop young people’s capacities to participate in civic society and its democratic structures and processes. A romantic policy rhetoric hides a reality that is both more complex and less well understood than is typically acknowledged. Young people’s democratic participation is subject to varying interpretations and implementation, and is employed to serve varying agendas. The role of schools in developing this participation is particularly subject to tensions and contradictions that can work to undermine and constrain the participation of marginalised young people. There is an abundance of research and policy literature on this topic. Yet, within this plethora of prescription and commentary, the key threads that might make a difference are not always clear. Moreover, there is little in this supposedly inclusive agenda that considers its implications for marginalised groups. This article provides a meta-analysis of the current policy and research landscape, examining the dominant discourses and their implications for young people’s participation. It focuses particular attention on the position of marginalised young people as it emerges from the literature and outlines an alternative agenda with the potential to challenge an overly complacent policy and practice context.

Motivation and barriers for leisure-time physical activity in socioeconomically disadvantaged women

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between motivation and barriers for physical activity, and physical activity behavior in women living in socioeconomic disadvantage. This study also examined whether weight control intentions moderate those associations.

METHODS: Data from 1664 women aged 18-46 years was collected at baseline and three-year follow-up as part of the Resilience for Eating and Activity Despite Inequality study. In mail-based surveys, women reported sociodemographic and neighborhood environmental characteristics, intrinsic motivation, goals and perceived family barriers to be active, weight control intentions and leisure-time physical activity (assessed through the IPAQ-L). Linear regression models assessed the association of intrinsic motivation, goals and barriers with physical activity at baseline and follow-up, adjusting for environmental characteristics and also physical activity at baseline (for longitudinal analyses), and the moderating effects of weight control intentions were examined.

RESULTS: Intrinsic motivation and, to a lesser extent, appearance and relaxation goals for being physically active were consistently associated with leisure-time physical activity at baseline and follow-up. Perceived family barriers, health, fitness, weight and stress relief goals were associated with leisure-time physical activity only at baseline. Moderated regression analyses revealed that weight control intentions significantly moderated the association between weight goals and leisure-time physical activity at baseline (β = 0.538, 99% CI = 0.057, 0.990) and between intrinsic motivation and leisure-time physical activity at follow-up (β = 0.666, 99% CI = 0.188, 1.145). For women actively trying to control their weight, intrinsic motivation was significantly associated with leisure-time physical activity at follow-up (β = 0.184, 99% CI = 0.097, 0.313).

CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that, especially in women trying to control their weight, intrinsic motivation plays an important role in sustaining physical activity participation over time. Also, weight goals for being physically active seem to play a role regarding short-term physical activity participation in this particular population. Addressing these motivational features may be important when promoting physical activity participation in women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods.

Classing schools

School prospectuses and promotional videos appeal to parents by presenting idealised images of the education a school provides. These educational idealisations visually realise the form of discipline a school is expected to provide, depending on the social habitus of the parents. This paper presents a content analysis of the images used in 33 sets of marketing materials from a maximally diverse sample of schools from the state of Victoria. These images are interpreted using the lenses of Bernstein's control and Bourdieu's habitus and cultural capital. The promotional images are found to vary systematically in terms of content and form depending on the perceived social class of the students which the schools attract.

Few geographic and socioeconomic variations exist in primary total shoulder arthroplasty: a multi-level study of Australian registry data

BACKGROUND:Associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and the uptake of primary total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is not well understood in the Australian population, thus potentially limiting equitable allocation of healthcare resources. We used the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOA NJRR) to examine whether geographic or socioeconomic variations exist in TSA performed for a diagnosis of osteoarthritis 2007-11 for all Australians aged ≥40 years.

METHODS:Primary anatomical and reverse TSA data were extracted from the AOA NJRR which captures >99 % of all TSA nationally. Residential addresses were cross-referenced to Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011 Census data to identify SEP measured at the area-level (categorised into deciles), and geographic location defined as Australian State/Territory of residence. We used a Poisson distribution for the number of TSA over the study period, and modelled the effects of age, SEP and geographic location using multilevel modelling.

RESULTS:During 2007-11, we observed 6,123 TSA (62.2 % female). For both sexes, TSA showed a proportional increase with advancing age. TSA did not vary by SEP or geographic location, with the exception of greater TSA among men in New South Wales.

CONCLUSIONS:Using a national registry approach we provide the first reliable picture of TSA at a national level. The uptake of TSA was equitable across SEP; however, there was some variation between the States/Territories. With an aging population, it is imperative that monitoring of major surgical procedures continues, and be focused toward determining whether TSA uptake correlates with need across different social and area-based groups.

What public experience may be - on publicity, communication and the expression of lived experiences

The idea of public experience is often invoked in different social and academic contexts. However, it seldom deserved a reflection that specifically sought to deepen its meaning from the point of view of social life. In this article we contribute to the understanding of the uniqueness of the public form of experience. We believe that one of the best ways through which we can observe the public experience is by the objectification, performance and dramatization of the culture, i.e., the “expression of lived experiences”. There is, in publicity, the possibility of simultaneous allocation of individual and collective experiences, and it is in this sense that we can see how culture influences the shaping of experience itself. Public experience is characterized by the weaving and intertwining of singular experiences that are pluralized and plural lived experiences that are singularized, in a process where individual and society interpenetrate. The relationship between experience and publicity arises from this symbolic communion contained in the systems of thought and action of societies. The decisive role of the principle of publicity to experience consists, according with the hypothesis we wish to put forward, in making available and communicating the social world of symbolic (cultural) activity. Public experience is, then, envisaged as the experience of a common world where both singular and plural definitions of the individual (taken as society) converge through lived experiences and, particularly, through their expression, which can take different symbolic forms.