Chemoselective screening for the reduction of a chiral functionalised (+/-)-2-(phenylthio)cyclohexanone by whole cells of Brazilian micro-organisms

The use of whole cells of micro-organisms to bring about the biotransformation of an organic compound offers a number of advantages, but problems caused by enzymatic Promiscuity may be encountered upon With Substrates hearing more than one functional group. A one-pot screening method, in which whole fungal cells were incubated with a Mixture of 4-rnethylcyclohexanone I and phenyl methyl Sulfide 2, has been employed to determine the chemoselectivity of various biocatalysts. The hyphomycetes, Aspergillus terreus CCT 3320 and A. terreus URM 3571, catalysed the oxidation of 2 accompanied by the reduction of I to 4-methylcyclohexanol 1a and, for strain A. terreus CCT 3320, the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of 1. The Basidomycetes, Trametes versicolor CCB 202, Pycnoporus sanguineus CCB 501 and Trichaptum byssogenum CCB 203, catalysed the oxidation of 2 and the reduction 1, but no Baeyer-Villiger reaction products were detected. In contrast. Trametes rigida CCB 285 catalysed the biotransformation of 1 to 1a, exclusively, in the absence of any detectable Sulfide oxidation reactions. The chemoselective reduction Of (+/-)-2-(phenylthio)cyclohexanone 3 by T. rigida CCB 285 afforded exclusively the (+)-cis-(1R,2S) and (+)-trans-(1S,2S) diastereoisomers of 2-(phenylthio)cyclohexan-1-ol 3a in moderate yields (13% and 27%, respectively) and high enantiomeric excesses (>98%). Chemoselective screening for the reduction of a ketone and/or the oxidation Of a Sulfide group in one pot by whole cells of micro-organisms represents an attractive technique with applications in the development of synthesis of complex molecule hearing different functional groups. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Antimicrobial Activity of Ethylenediaminedisuccinate Metal Complexes

It is shown that metal complexes of the biodegradable ligand ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (edds) present antimicrobial activity towards fungi and bacteria. [Cd(edds)], in particular, is more toxic than free Cd2+ to Aspergillus niger, behaving as a `Trojan Horse` in the facilitated delivery of the toxic metal into the fungus.

Human endogenous RNAs: Implications for the immunomodulation of Toll-like receptor 3

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of mammalian receptors, are able to recognize nucleic acids. TLR3 recognizes double-stranded (ds)RNA, a product of the replication of certain viruses. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, referred to as poly(I:C), an analog of viral dsRNA, interacts with TLR3 thereby eliciting immunoinflammatory responses characteristic of viral infection or down-regulating the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4. It is known that dsRNA also directly activates interferon (IFN)-induced enzymes, such as the RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). In the present study, the mRNA expression of TLR3, CXCR4, IFN gamma and PKR was investigated in a culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with poly(I:C) and endogenous RNA from human PBMCs. No cytotoxic effect on the cells or on the proliferation of CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells was observed. TLR3 expression in the PBMCs in the presence of poly(I:C) was up-regulated 9.5-fold, and TLR3 expression in the PBMCs treated with endogenous RNA was down-regulated 1.8-fold (p=0.002). The same trend was observed for IFN gamma where in the presence of poly(I:C) an 8.7-fold increase was noted and in the presence of endogenous RNA a 3.1-fold decrease was observed. In the culture activated with poly(1:C), mRNA expression of CXCR4 increased 8.0-fold and expression of PKR increased 33.0-fold. Expression of these genes decreased in the culture treated with endogenous RNA when compared to the culture without stimulus. Thus, high expression of mRNA for TLR3, IFN gamma, CXCR4 and PKR was observed in the presence of poly(I:C) and low expression was observed in the cells cultured with endogenous RNA. In conclusion, TLR3 may play major physiological roles that are not in the context of viral infection. It is possible that RNA released from cells could contain enough double-stranded structures to regulate cell activation. The involvement of endogenous RNA in endogenous gene expression and its implications in the regulation thereof, are still being studied, and will have significant implications in the future.

A influência do relacionamento em rede na internacionalização das empresas do pólo brasileiro de cosméticos de Diadema - SP

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Mestrado em Administração da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul - USCS

A enfermagem e a segurança do paciente: revisão da literatura

A segurança do paciente em enfermagem visa à busca contínua para evitar danos ao paciente durante o período de prestação de serviços à saúde. Objetivou-se com este estudo conhecer os eventos adversos ocorridos no trabalho da enfermagem apresentadas em publicações científicas no período de 2007 a 2011. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados artigos selecionados por meio de pesquisas em bases de dados eletrônicas, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. A análise das informações foi realizada por meio de leitura exploratória dos materiais obtidos na pesquisa. A leitura dos artigos permitiu evidenciar o foco das publicações referentes à segurança do paciente e os principais eventos adversos discutidos na literatura, que foram sintetizadas, agrupadas e categorizadas. Os resultados demostraram que a prática segura e com atenção durante a prestação do cuidado ao paciente pode evitar danos irreversíveis ou até fatais aos pacientes.

Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus: análise de um caso de sucesso de estratégia por diferenciação

Is it possible to see elements of an organizational strategy in churches practices, as we can do in public and private organizations? This work intend to show a case study about the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, and study some factors that can be evidences of a strategic profile. It discusses the success that this church try to show: can it be proved? The conclusion of this study answer these questions.

Análise dos coeficientes de desempenho técnico e econômico que caracterizam as unidades produtoras benchmark na atividade leiteira

A globalização dos mercados, aliado à saída da intervenção governamental da cadeia produtiva do leite e a estabilização da economia do País a partir de 1990, ocasionou grandes modificações nos diferentes segmentos do sistema agroindustrial do leite. Assim, acompanhar o progresso tecnológico da indústria processadora passou a exigir um posicionamento mais sofisticado do setor produtivo, sendo necessário à realização de novos investimentos que, além de apresentarem maior capacidade de resposta à produtividade e à qualidade da matériaprima, passassem a garantir melhores condições de competição tanto à indústria como para o setor primário. Desta forma, com a intenção de auxiliar o setor produtivo a se profissionalizar na atividade leiteira, a Avipal Alimentos S.A. implementou o Sistema Benchmarking no ano de 2000, o qual serviu como estratégia para melhorar o desempenho técnico e econômico das Unidades Produtoras do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Dentro deste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a evolução dos coeficientes de desempenho técnico e econômico das Unidades Produtoras benchmark que participaram dos três períodos de análise do Sistema Benchmarking. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caráter descritivo e exploratório, o qual possibilitou avaliar a pertinência e os efeitos da técnica de benchmarking sobre o setor primário da atividade leiteira. Após esta avaliação, concluiu-se que a técnica de benchmarking tem exercido um papel fundamental para o processo de tomada de decisão e gestão das Unidades Produtoras Esta técnica tem auxiliado os Produtores Benchmark a medir o grau de eficiência da atividade leiteira, bem como a detectar os pontos fracos do sistema produtivo. A divulgação das informações obtidas através da identificação das Unidades Produtoras benchmark tem proporcionado às demais Unidades Produtoras a copiarem as práticas, processos, procedimentos e indicadores apontados como ponto de referência para o alcance de um melhor desempenho na exploração leiteira. Além disso, este conhecimento poderá auxiliar as instituições responsáveis pelo fornecimento de assistência técnica, a reformular seus planos de ação e, desta forma, melhor atender as necessidades do setor primário. Os órgãos governamentais, as cooperativas, os laticínios, assim como os demais envolvidos com a cadeia produtiva do leite, também poderão direcionar suas competências para o fortalecimento das atividades desempenhadas pelo setor produtivo.

Os desafios da educação hospitalar para além da escola formal: um estudo das práticas desses educadores

Orientador: Robson Luiz de França

A cultura organizacional influenciando o comportamento do capital humano na biblioteca universitária

DUARTE, E. N. ; CARVALHO, Andréa Vasconcelos ; PINHEIRO, E. G. ; CARVALHO, Luciana Moreira ; NOGUEIRA, N. M. F. . A cultura organizacional influenciando o comportamento do capital humano na biblioteca universitária. Informação & Sociedade. Estudos, João Pessoa - PB, v. 10, n. 2, p. 190-210, 2000

Cooperação e competição entre políticas no Brasil: os cursos da governabilidade no presidencialismo da catalização

Public policies have been studied in the various fields of humanities and social sciences, from different theoretical and technical aspects. However, there is still a lack of studies that incorporate the dimension that encompasses the political action and its interference in such actions, also recognizing the importance of the institutional setting of the Brazilian presidential model in implementing these policies. This fragmented and multiparty system has led to power heterogeneous sets of political parties. Thus, the ministerial offices, more than assisting the President´s government project, manage particularized agendas, which are party biased and have the influence of interest groups in hegemonic themes addressed by government agencies. When these agendas operate in sectoral and specialized policies, the friction level is apparently low. However, when this occurs in intersectoral actions, such as in regional development, there is evidence of strong signs of competition among government agencies, which in theory, should operate in an integrated manner. Although this is not a specific feature of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva´s government- the period to be studied- there was similar behavior in Fernando Henrique Cardoso´s presidency, one realizes that the expansion of coalition on behalf of governance is increasingly interfering in the outcome of intersectoral public policies, due to these multiple arguments in action. In order to understand these processes, this study focused on the Sustainable and Integrated Development Programme for Differentiated Meso-Regions (PROMESO), part of the National Policy for Regional Development (NPRD). The program provides interface with various government agencies and their public policies in a clear intersectoral design. The research sought to identify and analyze the relationships between government agencies and their programs with interest groups, whether political parties or other segments of civil society, highlighting the logic of favoritism, which poses in second place the integration of actions in the intersectoral policies. Therefore, besides the theoretical debate that incorporates several categories of political science, public administration, public policy, geography and economics, the study focused on secondary sources, using different government agencies databases in order to raise information. It was observed that the interference of partisan politics has been disastrous for some public policies. Thus, the research confirms that cooperative character is fragile within government agencies, often limited to official documents, and that there is indeed, a striking feature of competition, especially when it comes to transversalized policies

Fachada flexível para casa padronizada em condomínios

The employment of flexibility in the design of façades makes them adaptable to adverse weather conditions, resulting in both minimization of environmental discomfort and improvement of energy efficiency. The present study highlights the potential of flexible façades as a resource to reduce rigidity and form repetition, which are usually employed in condominiums of standardized houses; as such, the work presented herein contributes to field of study of architectural projects strategies for adapting and integrating buildings within the local climate context. Two façade options were designed using as reference the bionics and the kinetics, as well as their applications to architectural constructions. This resulted in two lightweight and dynamic structures, which cater to constraints of comfort through combinations of movements, which control the impact of solar radiation and of cooling in the environment. The efficacy and technical functionality of the façades were tested with comfort analysis and graphic computation software, as well as with physical models. Thus, the current research contributes to the improvement of architectural solutions aimed at using passive energy strategies in order to offer both better quality for the users and for the sustainability of the planet