Cellulose nanorods in liquid crystalline elastomers for improved actuators

Nanotechnology plays a central role in ‘tailoring’ materials’ properties and thus improving its performances for a wide range of applications. Coupling nature nano-objects with nanotechnology results in materials with enhanced functionalities. The main objective of this master thesis was the synthesis of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCCs) and its further incorporation in a cellulosic matrix, in order to produce a stimuli-responsive material to moisture. The induced behaviour (bending/unbending) of the samples was deeply investigated, in order to determine relationships between structure/properties. Using microcrystalline cellulose as a starting material, acid hydrolysis was performed and the NCC was obtained. Anisotropic aqueous solutions of HPC and NCC were prepared and films with thicknesses ranging from 22μm to 61μm were achieved, by using a shear casting technique. Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques as well as mechanical and rheological essays were used to characterize the transparent and flexible films produced. Upon the application of a stimulus (moisture), the bending/unbending response times were measured. The use of NCC allowed obtaining films with response times in the order of 6 seconds for the bending and 5 seconds for the unbending, improving the results previously reported. These promising results open new horizons for building up improved soft steam engines.

Fisioterapia e ganhos em Saúde numa Unidade de Cuidados Continuados

RESUMO: Atualmente, toda a envolvência do envelhecimento, desencadeada por um aumento crescente do número de pessoas idosas, incapazes de satisfazer as exigências do autocuidado e de viver autonomamente na comunidade, torna relevante o papel da fisioterapia no suporte ao idoso. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é caracterizar a evolução do nível de independência nas atividades da vida diária (AVD’s), dos indivíduos que realizam fisioterapia numa unidade de cuidados continuados integrados (UCCI). Trata-se de uma abordagem quantitativa, observacional, longitudinal e descritiva. A população do estudo incide nos indivíduos admitidos na UCCI do Hospital do Mar (HM). Da presente população é retirada uma amostra por conveniência, num período de quatro meses, de acordo com critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os instrumentos utilizados para a recolha de informação foram: um inquérito por questionário para o levantamento das características sócio-demográficas, de saúde e hábitos de vida; o Método de Avaliação Biopsicossocial (MAB - Classificação) para a avaliação do nível de independência nas AVD’s; e o Timed Up and Go (TUG) para a avaliação da mobilidade funcional. Os principais resultados mostraram, segundo o MAB - Classificação, diferenças significativas, entre os dois momentos de avaliação (antes da fisioterapia e no momento da alta da fisioterapia), resultando num maior nível de independência funcional nas AVD’s no momento da alta da fisioterapia. Em relação ao TUG, a média da duração do teste diminuiu no momento da alta da fisioterapia, em relação ao momento antes da fisioterapia, traduzindo-se num aumento da mobilidade funcional. Concluindo, conseguiu-se evidenciar que os indivíduos submetidos a tratamentos de fisioterapia numa UCCI, obtêm um nível de independência funcional mais elevada no momento da alta da fisioterapia, do que antes de serem objetos desta intervenção; o mesmo sucedendo, em relação à mobilidade funcional.---------------ABSTRACT: Currently, the issue aging, triggered by an increasing number of elderly people, unable to meet the demands of self-care and live independently in the community, makes relevant the role of physiotherapy in support to the elderly. The aim of this work is to characterize the evolution of the level of independence in activities of daily living (ADLs), of individuals who perform physiotherapy in long term care hospital. This is a quantitative, observational, longitudinal and descriptive approach.The population of the study focuses on individuals admitted in long-term care in Hospital do Mar. Of this population is withdrawn a convenience sample within a period of four months, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The instruments used for collecting data were a questionnaire to survey the socio-demographic, health and lifestyle characteristics; Método de Avaliação Biopsicossocial (MAB - Classificação) to assess the level of independence in activities of daily living (ADLs); and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) to assess functional mobility. The main results showed, according to the MAB - Classificação, significant differences between the two time points (before physiotherapy and at discharge from physiotherapy), resulting in a higher level of functional independence in ADLs at discharge from physiotherapy. Regarding the TUG, the average duration of the test decreased at discharge from physiotherapy, relative to the time before physiotherapy, translating into an increase of functional mobility. In conclusion, we were able to show that individuals undergoing physiotherapy treatments in long-term care hospital, obtaining a higher level of functional independence at discharge from physiotherapy than before objects of this intervention; the same applies with respect to functional mobility.

Archaeometallurgical study of the Proto-historic collection of Moinhos de Golas (North Portugal): a forecast for technological changes?

This work presents the archaeometallurgical study of a group of metallic artefacts found in Moinhos de Golas site, Vila Real (North of Portugal), that can generically be attributed to Proto-history (1st millennium BC, Late Bronze Age and Iron Age). The collection is composed by 35 objects: weapons, ornaments and tools, and others of difficult classification, as rings, bars and one small thin bent sheet. Some of the objects can typologically be attributed to Late Bronze Age, others are of more difficult specific attribution. The archaeometallurgical study involved x-ray digital radiography, elemental analysis by micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, microstructural observations by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The radiographic images revealed structural heterogeneities frequently related with the degradation of some artefacts and the elemental analysis showed that the majority of the artefacts was produced in a binary bronze alloy (Cu-Sn) (73%), being others produced in copper (15%) and three artefacts in brass (Cu-Zn(-Sn-Pb)). Among each type of alloy there’s certain variability in the composition and in the type of inclusions. The microstructural observations revealed that the majority of the artefacts suffered cycles of thermo-mechanical processing after casting. The diversity of metals/alloys identified was a discovery of great interest, specifically due to the presence of brasses. Their presence can be interpreted as importations related to the circulation of exogenous products during the Proto-history and/or to the deposition of materials during different moments at the site, from the transition of Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age (Orientalizing period) onwards, as during the Roman period.

Soft biomaterials as a substitute for the Nucleus Pulposus

One of the largest health problems faced worldwide, when evaluated by direct (clinical) as well indirect cost (absenteeism), is the degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) that leads to back pain and, potentially disability and individual´s quality of life decreasing. The intervertebral disc is a mechanical and biological complex structure, formed by a tough outer layer of fibrocartilage called Annulus Fibrosus (AF),which surrounds a soft, elastic and gelatinous core called Nucleus Pulposus (NP). These two structures are completed by two upper and lower encasing layer called Vertebral Endplates (VEP). The degeneration of the IVD is marked by the dehydration of the Nucleus Pulposus, reducing the hydrostatic pressure inside the nucleus, resulting in a loss of capability to support compressive forces, during the active period, and to regain height during the resting period. This situation will compromise the role of shock absorber by the NP and transfers these forces to the AF. This transfer will result in cracks on the AF, deteriorating the IVD, allowing the ingrowth of vessels and nerves. This project was based on the developing a protocol to test suitable NP replacements, in hope to future assessment of discrete mechanical values and characteristics for an NP replacement. For this, Nucleus pulposus samples from goat, encapsulated Hydromed gel denominated “Raviolis” and Chitosan gels, produced via wet route using an ammonium environment, were confined compressed. Chitosan was rheologically tested and swelling capability of all the three type of materials was assessed. Results showed that the Nucleus Pulposus and “Raviolis” have similar mechanical behavior, being able to swell and “build up” hydrostatic pressure after a compression stage, while the Chitosan gel did not showed that ability. Therefore, “Raviolis” are a more suitable candidate to replace the NP than Chitosan gels. It was also observed that confined compression is the key test to perform on any possible candidate to replace the NP.

Popular music exhibitions in Portugal: practices of representation from 2007 to 2013

This thesis focuses on the representation of Popular Music in museums by mapping, analyzing, and characterizing its practices in Portugal at the beginning of the 21st century. Now that museums' ability to shape public discourse is acknowledged, the examination of popular music's discourses in museums is of the utmost importance for Ethnomusicology and Popular Music Studies as well as for Museum Studies. The concept of 'heritage' is at the heart of this processes. The study was designed with the aim of moving the exhibiting of popular music in museums forward through a qualitative inquiry of case studies. Data collection involved surveying pop-rock music exhibitions as a qualitative sampling of popular music exhibitions in Portugal from 2007 to 2013. Two of these exhibitions were selected as case studies: No Tempo do Gira-Discos: Um Percurso pela Produção Fonográfica Portuguesa at the Museu da Música in Lisbon in 2007 (also Faculdade de Letras, 2009), and A Magia do Vinil, a Música que Mudou a Sociedade at the Oficina da Cultura in Almada in 2008 (and several other venues, from 2009 to 2013). Two specific domains were observed: popular music exhibitions as instances of museum practice and museum professionals. The first domain encompasses analyzing the types of objects selected for exhibition; the interactive museum practices fostered by the exhibitions; the concepts and narratives used to address popular music discursively, as well as the interpretative practices they allow. The second domain, focuses museum professionals and curators of popular music exhibitions as members of a group, namely their goals, motivations and perspectives. The theoretical frameworks adopted were drawn from the fields of ethnomusicology, popular music studies, and museum studies. The written materials of the exhibitions were subjected of methods of discourse analysis methods. Semi-structured interviews with curators and museum professional were also conducted and analysed. From the museum studies perspective, the study research suggests that the practice adopted by popular music museums largely matches that of conventional museums. From the ethnomusicological and popular music studies stand point, the two case studies reveal two distinct conceptual worlds: the first exhibition, curated by an academic and an independent researcher, points to a mental configuration where popular music is explained through a framework of genres supported by different musical practices. Moreover, it is industry actors such as decision makers and gatekeepers that govern popular music, which implies that the visitors' romantic conception of the musician is to some extent dismantled; the second exhibition, curated by a record collector and specialist, is based on a more conventional process of the everyday historical speech that encodes a mismatch between “good” and “bad music”. Data generated by a survey shows that only one curator, in fact that of my first case study, has an academic background. The backgrounds of all the others are in some way similar to the curator of the second case study. Therefore, I conclude that the second case study best conveys the current practice of exhibiting Popular Music in Portugal.

Tool for spatial and dynamic representation of artistic performances

This proposal aims to explore the use of available technologies for video representation of sets and performers in order to serve as support for composition processes and artistic performer rehearsals, while focusing in representing the performer’s body and its movements, and its relation with objects belonging to the three-dimensional space of their performances. This project’s main goal is to design and develop a system that can spatially represent the performer and its movements, by means of capturing processes and reconstruction using a camera device, as well as enhance the three-dimensional space where the performance occurs by allowing interaction with virtual objects and by adding a video component, either for documentary purposes, or for live performances effects (for example, using video mapping video techniques in captured video or projection during a performance).

Uncertain Spaces: Virtual Configurations in Contemporary Art and Museums

Contém artigos apresentados na International Conference “Uncertain Spaces: Virtual Configurations in Contemporary Art and Museums”, na Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian (Lisboa), 31 Outubro - 1 de Novembro de 2014) de: Helena Barranha e Susana S. Martins - Introduction: Art, Museums and Uncertainty (pp.1-12); Alexandra Bounia e Eleni Myrivili - Beyond the ‘Virtual’: Intangible Museographies and Collaborative Museum Experiences (pp.15-32); Annet Dekker - Curating in Progress. Moving Between Objects and Processes (pp.33-54); Giselle Beiguelman - Corrupted Memories. The aesthetics of Digital Ruins and the Museum of the Unfinished (pp.55-82); Andrew Vaas Brooks - The Planetary Datalinks (pp.85-110); Sören Meschede - Curators’ Network: Creating a Promotional Database for Contemporary Visual Arts (pp.11-130); Stefanie Kogler - Divergent Histories and Digital Archives of Latin American and Latino Art in the United States – Old Problems in New Digital Formats (pp.131-156); Luise Reitstätter e Florian Bettel - Right to the City! Right to the Museum!(pp.159-182); Roberto Terracciano - On Geo-poetic systems: virtual interventions inside and outside the museum space (pp.183-210); e, Catarina Carneiro de Sousa e Luís Eustáquio - Art Practice in Collaborative Virtual Environments (pp.211-240).

Knowledge management framework based on brain models and human physiology

The life of humans and most living beings depend on sensation and perception for the best assessment of the surrounding world. Sensorial organs acquire a variety of stimuli that are interpreted and integrated in our brain for immediate use or stored in memory for later recall. Among the reasoning aspects, a person has to decide what to do with available information. Emotions are classifiers of collected information, assigning a personal meaning to objects, events and individuals, making part of our own identity. Emotions play a decisive role in cognitive processes as reasoning, decision and memory by assigning relevance to collected information. The access to pervasive computing devices, empowered by the ability to sense and perceive the world, provides new forms of acquiring and integrating information. But prior to data assessment on its usefulness, systems must capture and ensure that data is properly managed for diverse possible goals. Portable and wearable devices are now able to gather and store information, from the environment and from our body, using cloud based services and Internet connections. Systems limitations in handling sensorial data, compared with our sensorial capabilities constitute an identified problem. Another problem is the lack of interoperability between humans and devices, as they do not properly understand human’s emotional states and human needs. Addressing those problems is a motivation for the present research work. The mission hereby assumed is to include sensorial and physiological data into a Framework that will be able to manage collected data towards human cognitive functions, supported by a new data model. By learning from selected human functional and behavioural models and reasoning over collected data, the Framework aims at providing evaluation on a person’s emotional state, for empowering human centric applications, along with the capability of storing episodic information on a person’s life with physiologic indicators on emotional states to be used by new generation applications.

Evaluating the potential of yeast strains to produce added value products for the food and/or pharmaceutical industries

This study focus in the valorization of the apple pomace with the main goal of obtaining added value products. For that, hot compressed water technology was used for the extraction of phenolic compounds and hydrolysis of polysaccharides presents in the lignocellulosic structure of apple pomace to obtain simple sugars. The sugars have been utilized as alternative carbon source for growth, lipid accumulation and carotenoids production by five different yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodosporidium babjevae and Rhodosporidium toruloides. Hydrolysis experiments were carried out with constant pressure of 100 bar, flow rate of 2mL/min and temperatures between 50°C and 250°C. The amount of total sugars present in apple pomace hydrolysates showed maximum values for the hydrolysis temperatures of 110°C and 190°C. In fact, these temperatures revealed the best results regarding the monosaccharides quantities. The amount of 5-HMF and furfural in each hydrolysate varied through the different temperatures. Maximum values for 5-HMF were obtained with 170°C, while furfural showed to be maximum at 210°C. Extraction of phenolic compounds were performed in simultaneously with hydrolysis reactions. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) increased along the temperature, however with small variations between 170°C and 250°C. Hydrolysates were then used as alternative carbon source to yeast growth. R. mucilaginosa shows the highest optical density, with the hydrolysate obtained at 130°C. Carotenoids produced by these yeast scored a total of 7.02μg carotenoids/g cell dry weight, while for the control assay, the same yeast scored 9.31μg caratonoides/g cell dry weight. β-carotene was quantified by HPLC, were 33% of the carotenoid production by R. mucilaginosa with hydrolysate as carbon source, corresponded to β-caroteno.

Video metadata extraction in a videoMail system

Currently the world swiftly adapts to visual communication. Online services like YouTube and Vine show that video is no longer the domain of broadcast television only. Video is used for different purposes like entertainment, information, education or communication. The rapid growth of today’s video archives with sparsely available editorial data creates a big problem of its retrieval. The humans see a video like a complex interplay of cognitive concepts. As a result there is a need to build a bridge between numeric values and semantic concepts. This establishes a connection that will facilitate videos’ retrieval by humans. The critical aspect of this bridge is video annotation. The process could be done manually or automatically. Manual annotation is very tedious, subjective and expensive. Therefore automatic annotation is being actively studied. In this thesis we focus on the multimedia content automatic annotation. Namely the use of analysis techniques for information retrieval allowing to automatically extract metadata from video in a videomail system. Furthermore the identification of text, people, actions, spaces, objects, including animals and plants. Hence it will be possible to align multimedia content with the text presented in the email message and the creation of applications for semantic video database indexing and retrieving.

Production and characterization of electrospun composite fibers: confinement of thermosensitive microgels

Materials engineering focuses on the assembly of materials´ properties to design new products with the best performance. By using sub-micrometer size materials in the production of composites, it is possible to obtain objects with properties that none of their compounds show individually. Once three-dimensional materials can be easily customized to obtain desired properties, much interest has been paid to nanostructured poly-mers in order to build biocompatible devices. Over the past years, the thermosensitive microgels have become more common in the framework of bio-materials with potential applicability in therapy and/or diagnostics. In addition, high aspect ratio biopolymers fibers have been produced using the cost-effective method called electrospinning. Taking advantage of both microgels and electrospun fibers, surfaces with enhanced functionalities can be obtained and, therefore employed in a wide range of applications. This dissertation reports on the confinement of stimuli-responsive microgels through the colloidal electro-spinning process. The process mainly depends on the composition, properties and patterning of the precur-sor materials within the polymer jet. Microgels as well as the electrospun non-woven mats were investigated to correlate the starting materials with the final morphology of the composite fibers. PNIPAAm and PNIPAAm/Chitosan thermosensitive microgels with different compositions were obtained via surfactant free emulsion polymerization (SFEP) and characterized in terms of chemical structure, morphology, thermal sta-bility, swelling properties and thermosensitivity. Finally, the colloidal electrospinning method was carried out from spinning solutions composed of the stable microgel dispersions (up to a concentration of about 35 wt. % microgels) and a polymer solution of PEO/water/ethanol mixture acting as fiber template solution. The confinement of microgels was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The electrospinning process was statistically analysed providing the optimum set of parameters aimed to minimize the fiber diameter, which give rise to electrospun nanofibers of PNIPAAm microgels/PEO with a mean fiber diameter of 63 ± 25 nm.

A arte efémera e a conservação: o paradigma da arte contemporânea e dos bens etnográficos

O livro reúne as comunicações apresentadas no Encontro "A Arte efémera e a conservação: o paradigma da arte contemporânea e dos bens etnográficos", realizado entre 6 a 7 de Novembro no Museu do Oriente (Lisboa).

Portuguese plain architecture: history opening a closed sequence

The paper will address George Kubler’s Portuguese Plain Architecture [PPA] (1972) and its effect in Portuguese architectural practice. Kubler’s philosophy of art history implied that closed sequences of objects could be opened by several reasons. Thus, it will be argued that there is an effect upon Portuguese architecture post 1974, that is apparent by the reemergence of some of the form classes treated by Kubler. This was mostly achieved through the popularity of Kubler’s book within architectural practice, scholarship and moreover by the establishment of the term “Plain Architecture” in portuguese architectural vocabulary. Plain Architecture of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries shared some qualities with the architecture to be built in post‑revolutionary Portugal, most importantly the effect that could be achieved with low budget buildings that were responding to a situation of crisis, and simultaneously exhaled aristocratic sparsity. The connection of PPA with the ideological attributes of early modernism and the political context of the time catalysed the reemergence of a new order of Portuguese Plain that resonates still in contemporary architecture.

A arte ao serviço do império e das colónias: o contributo de alguns programas expositivos e museológicos para o discurso de legitimação territorial

Artigo escrito no âmbito da realização de tese de doutoramento em História da Arte financiado por bolsa FCT (SFRH/BD/63763/2009)

A luta de classes em Portugal (1919:1926) : a esquerda republicana e o bloco radical

Com o presente trabalho estudamos a Primeira República do pós-guerra (1919-1926), procurando compreender o sentido histórico desses anos atribulados, caracterizados por uma permanente instabilidade governativa e pelo desassossego dos agentes sociais. Defendemos existir uma explicação que torna os últimos anos do regime republicano, aparentemente caóticos, compreensíveis: à semelhança de outros países europeus, a especificidade dos anos 20 portugueses reside num fenómeno de polarização política da sociedade, na mobilização e organização de forças mediante os quadrantes da esquerda e da direita modernas. Concretamente, o nosso objecto de estudo consiste na esquerda republicana, um campo que se autonomizou dentro do republicanismo durante o pós-guerra, e no bloco radical, conceito analítico sob o qual englobamos manifestações heteróclitas (partidárias, armadas, intelectuais, unitárias) do fenómeno de polarização política à esquerda.