J/ψ and ψ (2S) production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A measurement of the J/ ψ and ψ (2S) production cross sections in pp collisions at √s = 7TeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 37 pb -1. Using a fit to the invariant mass and decay length distributions, production cross sections have been measured separately for prompt and non-prompt charmonium states, as a function of the meson transverse momentum in several rapidity ranges and integrated in the kinematical regions considered in this study. In addition, cross sections restricted to the acceptance of the CMS detector are given, which are not affected by the polarization of the charmonium states. The ratio of the differential production cross sections of the two states, where systematic uncertainties largely cancel, is also determined. The branching fraction of the inclusive B → ψ (2S)X decay is extracted from the ratio of the non-prompt cross sections to be: B(B → ψ (2S)X) = (3:08 ± 0:12 (stat.+syst.) ± 0:13 (theor.) ± 0:42 (BPDG)) × 10 -3: B(B → ψ(2S)X) = (3.08 ± 0.12 (stat.+syst.) ± 0.13 (theor.) ± 0.42 (B PDG)) × 10 -3.

Search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV

A search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7TeV is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. Events with large total transverse energy have been analyzed for the presence of multiple energetic jets, leptons, and photons, which are typical signals of evaporating semiclassical and quantum black holes, and string balls. Agreement with the expected standard model backgrounds, which are dominated by QCD multijet production, has been observed for various combined multiplicities of jets and other reconstructed objects in the final state. Model-independent limits are set on new physics processes producing high-multiplicity, energetic final states. In addition, new model-specific indicative limits are set excluding semiclassical and quantum black holes with masses below 3.8 to 5.3TeV and string balls with masses below 4.6 to 4.8TeV . The analysis has a substantially increased sensitivity compared to previous searches.

Search for a light charged Higgs boson in top quark decays in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Results are presented on a search for a light charged Higgs boson that can be produced in the decay of the top quark t → H +b and which, in turn, decays into τ +ν t. The analysed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of about 2 fb -1 recorded in protonproton collisions at √s = 7 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is sensitive to the decays of the top quark pairs tt̄ → H ±W ∓bb̄ and tt̄ → H ±H ∓bb̄. Various final states have been studied separately, all requiring presence of a τ lepton from H + decays, missing transverse energy, and multiple jets. Upper limits on the branching fraction B(t → H +b) in the range of 2-4% are established for charged Higgs boson masses between 80 and 160 GeV, under the assumption that B(H + → τ +ν τ) = 1.

Ubicación de los fenómenos demográficos en el tiempo

Traducción de un capítulo de L'analyse démographique, Presses Universitaires, Paris, 1961

Search for stopped long-lived particles produced in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A search has been performed for long-lived particles that have stopped in the CMS detector, during 7TeV proton-proton operations of the CERN LHC. The existence of such particles could be inferred from observation of their decays when there were no protonproton collisions in the CMS detector, namely during gaps between LHC beam crossings. Using a data set in which CMS recorded an integrated luminosity of 4.0 fb -1, and a search interval corresponding to 246 hours of trigger live time, 12 events are observed, with a mean background prediction of 8:6 ± 2:4 events. Limits are presented at 95% confidence level on long-lived gluino and stop production, over 13 orders of magnitude of particle lifetime. Assuming the cloud model of R-hadron interactions, a gluino with mass below 640 GeV and a stop with mass below 340 GeV are excluded, for lifetimes between 10 μs and 1000 s.

Search for new physics in events with same-sign dileptons and b-tagged jets in pp collisions at √ s = 7TeV

A search for new physics is performed using isolated same-sign dileptons with at least two b-quark jets in the final state. Results are based on a 4.98 fb -1 sample of protonproton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV collected by the CMS detector. No excess above the standard model background is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the number of events from non-standard-model sources. These limits are used to set constraints on a number of new physics models. Information on acceptance and efficiencies are also provided so that the results can be used to confront additional models in an approximate way. © 2012 SISSA.

Measurement of the underlying event activity in pp collisions at √s = 0.9 and 7 TeV with the novel jet-area/median approach

The first measurement of the charged component of the underlying event using the novel jet-area/median approach is presented for proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 0.9 and 7 TeV. The data were recorded in 2010 with the CMS experiment at the LHC. A new observable, sensitive to soft particle production, is introduced and investigated inclusively and as a function of the event scale defined by the transverse momentum of the leading jet. Various phenomenological models are compared to data, with and without corrections for detector effects. None of the examined models describe the data satisfactorily. © 2012 SISSA.

Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at √s = 7TeV

The performance of muon reconstruction, identification, and triggering in CMS has been studied using 40 pb-1 of data collected in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV at the LHC in 2010. A few benchmark sets of selection criteria covering a wide range of physics analysis needs have been examined. For all considered selections, the efficiency to reconstruct and identify a muon with a transverse momentum pT larger than a few GeV/c is above 95% over the whole region of pseudorapidity covered by the CMS muon system, < 2.4, while the probability to misidentify a hadron as a muon is well below 1%. The efficiency to trigger on single muons with pT above a few GeVc is higher than 90% over the full η range, and typically substantially better. The overall momentum scale is measured to a precision of 0.2% with muons from Z decays. The transverse momentum resolution varies from 1% to 6% depending on pseudorapidity for muons with pT below 100GeV/c and, using cosmic rays, it is shown to be better than 10% in the central region up to pT = 1 TeV/c. Observed distributions of all quantities are well reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.

Search for heavy bottom-like quarks in 4.9 fb-1 of pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for heavy bottom-like quarks, pair-produced in pp collisions at √s = 7TeV, undertaken with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The b′ quarks are assumed to decay exclusively to tW. The b′b̄′ → tW-t̄W+ process can be identified by its distinctive signatures of three leptons or two leptons of same charge, and at least one b-quark jet. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb-1, observed events are compared to the standard model background predictions, and the existence of b′ quarks having masses below 611 GeV/c2 is excluded at 95% confidence level.

Search for resonant t̄t production in lepton+jets events in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

A model-independent search for the production of heavy resonances decaying into top-antitop quark pairs is presented. The search is based on events containing one lepton (muon or electron) and at least two jets selected from data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4-5.0 fb -1 collected in pp collisions at √s =7 TeV. Results are presented from the combination of two dedicated searches optimized for boosted production and production at threshold. No excess of events is observed over the expected yield from the standard model processes. Topcolor Z′ bosons with narrow (wide) width are excluded at 95% confidence level for masses below 1.49 (2.04) TeV and an upper limit of 0.3 (1.3) pb or lower is set on the production cross section times branching fraction for resonance masses above 1 TeV. Kaluza-Klein excitations of a gluon with masses below 1.82 TeV (at 95% confidence level) in the Randall-Sundrum model are also excluded, and an upper limit of 0.7 pb or lower is set on the production cross section times branching fraction for resonance masses above 1 TeV.[Figure not available: See fulltext.] © 2012 CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration.

Measurement of the single-top-quark t-channel cross section in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

A measurement of the single-top-quark t-channel production cross section in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC is presented. Two different and complementary approaches have been followed. The first approach exploits the distributions of the pseudorapidity of the recoil jet and reconstructed top-quark mass using background estimates determined from control samples in data. The second approach is based on multivariate analysis techniques that probe the compatibility of the candidate events with the signal. Data have been collected for the muon and electron final states, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1.17 and 1.56 fb-1, respectively. The single-top-quark production cross section in the t-channel is measured to be 67.2±6.1 pb, in agreement with the approximate next-to-next-to-leading- order standard model prediction. Using the standard model electroweak couplings, the CKM matrix element |V tb| is measured to be 1.020 ± 0.046 (meas.) ± 0.017 (theor.). © 2012 CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration.

Search for third-generation leptoquarks and scalar bottom quarks in pp collisions at √s=7Tev

Results are presented from a search for third-generation leptoquarks and scalar bottom quarks in a sample of proton-proton collisions at √s=7Tev collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb-1. A scenario where the new particles are pair produced and each decays to a b quark plus a tau neutrino or neutralino is considered. The number of observed events is found to be in agreement with the standard model prediction. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the production cross sections. Leptoquarks with masses below ~450 GeV are excluded. Upper limits in the mass plane of the scalar quark and neutralino are set such that scalar bottom quark masses up to 410 GeV are excluded for neutralino masses of 50 GeV. © 2012 CERN for the benefit of CMS collaboration.

Measurement of the top-quark mass in t̄t events with lepton+jets final states in pp collisions at √s =7 TeV

The mass of the top quark is measured using a sample of t̄t candidate events with one electron or muon and at least four jets in the final state, collected by CMS in pp collisions at √s =7 TeV at the LHC. A total of 5174 candidate events is selected from data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb-1. For each event the mass is reconstructed from a kinematic fit of the decay products to a t̄t hypothesis. The top-quark mass is determined simultaneously with the jet energy scale (JES), constrained by the known mass of the W boson in q̄q decays, to be 173.49 ± 0.43 (stat. + JES) ±0.98 (syst.) GeV. © 2012 CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration.

A search for a doubly-charged Higgs boson in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

A search for a doubly-charged Higgs boson in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4. 9 fb-1, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is performed using events with three or more isolated charged leptons of any flavor, giving sensitivity to the decays of pair-produced triplet components Φ++Φ--, and Φ++Φ- from associated production. No excess is observed compared to the background prediction, and upper limits at the 95 % confidence level are set on the Φ++ production cross section, under specific assumptions on its branching fractions. Lower bounds on the Φ++ mass are reported, providing significantly more stringent constraints than previously published limits. © 2012 CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration.

Brazilian catfish parasitized by Epistylis sp. (Ciliophora, Epistylididae), with description of parasite intensity score

The determination of mean intensity of parasitism for colony-forming sessile protozoan such as Epistylis has been a great problem in parasitological studies. Some alternatives have been proposed by researchers for laboratory and field conditions. This study describes the criteria to establish the parasitic intensity score for epistylidid infestation in fish. Parasite distribution and the host-parasite relationship in four species of Brazilian cultured catfish and their hybrids are discussed. The highest prevalence rates were found in the hybrid jundiara, Leiarius marmoratus male × Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum female (96.4 %), followed by jurupoca, Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (60 %), and the hybrid surubim, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans male × P. reticulatum female (52.7 %). Positive correlation between parasitic intensity score and the fish size, weight, and relative condition factor were also observed. These findings indicate that Epistylis infestation in Brazilian catfish is an emerging disease in cultured fish. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.