Eficiencia productiva y económica de la finca cafetalera Verapaz, posterior a los efectos de la roya Quilalí, Nueva Segovia, 2014

Las principales actividades económicas del municipio de Quilalí son la agricultura, ganadería y comercio, el rubro de café es la actividad más predominante en la economía del municipio. El presente estudio se realizó con el fin de analizar la eficiencia productiva y económica de la finca Verapaz posterior a la afectación de la roya. Para llevar a cabo la investigación se utilizó un instrumento (encuesta base) y la técnica de la observación para la recolección de información primaria. En el análisis y resultados se encontró que la finca tiene una área productiva de café de 4.93 hectáreas con una producción de 10.5 toneladas, con un rendimiento de 2.12 t/ha. En relación a los costos de producción, la finca invirtió 8103.95 dólares y un costo medio para producir una tonelada de café oro de 771.80 dólares. En el año 2014 la finca generó pérdidas de -134.45 dólares. La estimación de pérdidas físicas fueron de 64.74 toneladas y las pérdidas monetarias alcanzaron los 49,137.66 dólares, correspondientes al área afectada por la roya 30.54 hectáreas. Se concluye que la Finca Verapaz no tiene eficiencia productiva debido a que la productividad del trabajo presenta resultados ineficientes de 0.01 toneladas por hombre día trabajado y económicamente no es rentable en el año en estudio.

Copia de dos informes en los que se informa de la salida de la prisión de Dueñas de los sacerdotes vascos presos, y de su posterior traslado a la de Carmona.

Fecha: 3-1-1940 (>1970 copia) / Unidad de instalación: Carpeta 45 - Expediente 2-15 / Nº de pág.: 11 (mecanografiadas)

Number of prior episodes and the presence of depressive symptoms are associated with longer length of stay for patients with acute manic episodes

Background: Few studies have analyzed predictors of length of stay (LOS) in patients admitted due to acute bipolar manic episodes. The purpose of the present study was to estimate LOS and to determine the potential sociodemographic and clinical risk factors associated with a longer hospitalization. Such information could be useful to identify those patients at high risk for long LOS and to allocate them to special treatments, with the aim of optimizing their hospital management. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study recruiting adult patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria) who had been hospitalized due to an acute manic episode with a Young Mania Rating Scale total score greater than 20. Bivariate correlational and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of LOS. Results: A total of 235 patients from 44 centers were included in the study. The only factors that were significantly associated to LOS in the regression model were the number of previous episodes and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score at admission (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with a high number of previous episodes and those with depressive symptoms during mania are more likely to stay longer in hospital. Patients with severe depressive symptoms may have a more severe or treatment-resistant course of the acute bipolar manic episode.

Shell midden people in northern Iberia. New data from the mesolithic rock shelter of J3 (Basque Country, Spain)

[EN]In the course of a sondage dug in the rock shelter of J3, in the Jaizkibel mountains (at the north-western tip of Guipúzcoa), the body of a adult man was located buried inside a shell midden. This shell midden had not been disturbed and presented internal stratigraphy features. In any case, the outer edge of the shell midden does show some interesting interdigitation with the adjacent habitational layers, with evidence of different stages of occupation. Within the shell midden itself, under the individual buried there, it was possible to observe layers without any ceramics, whereas the layers covering said individual included ceramic fragments. This individual has been dated to 8,300 BP and therefore corresponds to a Mesolithic context.