Educación y crecimiento: un panorama

Este trabajo es un panorama de la literatura empírica que ha analizado la relación entre educación y crecimiento económico. Tras esbozar el marco teórico que ha orientado la mayor parte de los estudios sobre el tema, se presentan las especificaciones empíricas más habituales y se discuten algunos problemas econométricos que surgen en su estimación. Seguidamente, se resumen los resultados de los principales trabajos.

Human capital as a factor of growth and employment at the regional level. The case of Spain

We use statistical techniques to quantify the effects of school attainment on individual wages, participation rates and employment probabilities in Spain, and to measure the contribution of education to labour productivity at the regional level. These estimates are then combined with data on private and public expenditure on education and with information on taxes and social benefits to construct measures of the private and social returns to schooling, to explore the effects of public policies on private incentives to invest in human capital, and to analyse the long-term effects of schooling on public finances. The results are used, together with estimates of the returns to alternative assets, to draw some tentative conclusions regarding the adequacy of the aggregate investment patterns observed in the regions of Spain, and to identify changes in the design of national and EU cohesion and growth policies that may help enhance their effectiveness.

Human capital in a global and knowledge-based economy

This document is a report prepared for the DG for Employment and Social Affairs of the European Commission. It surveys the available evidence on the contribution of investment in human capital to aggregate productivity growth and on its impact on wages and other labour outcomes at the individual level. It also draws some tentative policy conclusions for an average European country.

Convergence across countries and regions: theory and empirics

This paper surveys the recent literature on convergence across countries and regions. I discuss the main convergence and divergence mechanisms identified in the literature and develop a simple model that illustrates their implications for income dynamics. I then review the existing empirical evidence and discuss its theoretical implications. Early optimism concerning the ability of a human capital-augmented neoclassical model to explain productivity differences across economies has been questioned on the basis of more recent contributions that make use of panel data techniques and obtain theoretically implausible results. Some recent research in this area tries to reconcile these findings with sensible theoretical models by exploring the role of alternative convergence mechanisms and the possible shortcomings of panel data techniques for convergence analysis.

The effect of structural fund spending on the spanish regions: an assessment of the 1994-99 objective 1 CSF

This paper analyzes the growth and employment effects of the 1994-99 Community Support Framework (CSF) for the Objective 1 Spanish regions using a simple supply-side model estimated with a panel of regional data. The results suggest that the impact of the Structural Funds in Spain has been quite sizable, adding around a percentage point to annual output growth in the average Objective 1 region and 0.4 points to employment growth. Over the period 1994-2000, the Framework has resulted in the creation of over 300,000 new jobs and has eliminated 20% of the initial gap in income per capita between the assisted regions and the rest of the country.

Human capital in growth regressions: how much difference does data quality make? An update and further results

We construct estimates of educational attainment for a sample of OECD countries using previously unexploited sources. We follow a heuristic approach to obtain plausible time profiles for attainment levels by removing sharp breaks in the data that seem to reflect changes in classification criteria. We then construct indicators of the information content of our series and a number of previously available data sets and examine their performance in several growth specifications. We find a clear positive correlation between data quality and the size and significance of human capital coefficients in growth regressions. Using an extension of the classical errors in variables model, we construct a set of meta-estimates of the coefficient of years of schooling in an aggregate Cobb-Douglas production function. Our results suggest that, after correcting for measurement error bias, the value of this parameter is well above 0.50.

Aproximació al disseny de procediments i instruments per a la personalització de l'ensenyament a l'etapa primària des d'una perspectiva inclusiva

The main objective of this research is to found a new process about the personalization's curriculum for pupils with especial educational needs. In this research there are two objectives: the first objective is to describe a procedure for to do the individual planning for this pupils. This procedure is called "Procediment per cartes de personalització" (Pedragosa 2002). The other objective is centered to validate this procedure for teachers who are in active service in primary's etapa and to check if it's a good process for to do the individual planning in an inclusive approach. The procedure's cobcretion is about three basic referents: In the first, we consult with the current regulations, in the second we incorporate the inclusion's approach and the fundamentals of universal learning design, and finally we consult Ruiz's (1999) provides. We obtain the information for the research until, during and after of the formation's course (in 2003/2004). We introduced two questionnaire (until and after of formation sessions) and we register all of the sessions with a parlimentary report. About the main research results we can to affirm that the procedure is a good option for the professional's practice. It's an organized, ordered and coherent design with our curriculum. But, in spite of, we can to probate that there some interesting variables which are to influence to the procedure's efficiency.

Avaluació de l'aprofitament energètic de la biomassa forestal del Parc de Collserola

En aquest treball se sintetitzen els resultats més destacats del projecte de final de carrera de la llicenciatura de Ciències Ambientals sobre l’aprofitament de la biomassa forestal al Parc de Collserola (PCo), realitzat a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB). L’objectiu principal és determinar la disponibilitat de biomassa forestal susceptible a ser extreta del PCo a fi d’aprofitar-la per a l’obtenció d’energia. Els principals factors analitzats són: la producció anual per cada espècie, les limitacions que marquen l’explotació i la tecnologia aplicable per a l’aprofitament en tres possibles escenaris. La proposta d’explotació sostenible dels boscos del PCo s’efectua sobre les espècies de Pinus halepensis, Quercus ilex i Quercus cerrioides, que presenten una producció major de biomassa susceptible a ser aprofitada, 5.500, 4.000 i 300 t psa1/any, respectivament. Per tant, la biomassa extraïble de forma sostenible al PCo s’estima en aproximadament 9.700 tones/any. L’estudi de l’aprofitament forestal està marcat per limitacions d’extracció, tals com les limitacions silvícoles (zones amb una cobertura arbòria igual o superior al 70% i un pendent igual o inferior al 60%) i d’accessibilitat (franges de 25 metres a banda i banda de les vies forestals). Amb la quantitat de biomassa extraïble es poden establir diferents escenaris d’aplicació energètica, mitjançant la seva combustió en calderes amb diverses potències de funcionament. Des del nivell domèstic (calderes domèstiques) fins al d’una gran planta (cogeneració), passant per l’aplicació en un barri residencial (District Heating). D’aquesta manera s’obté energia tèrmica, per calefacció, o elèctrica, aplicable a residències individuals, a barris residencials o a polígons industrials. S’ha escollit l’escenari de District Heating com el més viable, ja que és el que més avantatges presenta dintre del context del parc i un ventall de possibilitats d’aplicació més elevat. Per determinar-ne la viabilitat, s’han integrat diversos aspectes: tecnològics (eficiència, producció energètica, tipus de combustible i requeriment de biomassa), ambientals (impactes generats), socials (percepció dels usuaris) i econòmics (llocs de treball generats i viabilitat econòmica).

Les biografies mèdiques: entre l'hagiografia i la història

El treball analitza la tradició del gènere biogràfic dins la historiografia mèdica, iniciada amb el model biobibliogràfic i continuada amb les grans figures de la medicina, que entrà en crisi amb la història social de la medicina. Es plantegen les utilitats actuals del gènere biogràfic i si és possible escriure biografies mèdiques no desconnectades dels nous corrents historiogràfics.

Technological trampolines for new venture creation in Catalonia: the case of the University of Girona

Recent trends in technology transfer show an intensification of spin-off creation as a modality of university research commercialisation, complementary to the conventional ones, contract research and licensing. In this paper we analyse the evolution, objectives, resources and activities of a specialised unit –Technological Trampoline (TT) - in charge of new venture creation at the University of Girona (Catalonia-Spain). Based on two theoretical frameworks, Resource-based-view and Institutional Theory, we adopt a multi-dimensional approach to study the strategy of spinning-off new ventures at the University of Girona in terms of resources and activities, how this process is organised and if the outputs fit with this UdG’s objectives and the local environment. Our main contribution is an in-depth analysis of the spin-off creation unit with special emphasis on its variety of resources and activities. The results have a series of implications and recommendations at both university and TT level.