一种矩形微米流道的加工与流量测定

介绍了一种比较成熟的矩形微米流道(微槽道)加工工艺,利用厚胶光刻工艺在硅片上制备胶模板,进而在该模板上用高分子聚合物PDMS(Polydimethylsiloxane,聚二甲基硅氧烷)制作了微米量级的微槽道(高、宽范围20～100μm),对制备的微槽道的几何精确度进行了20×100倍放大显微观测,对其流量特性进行了实验测定.实验结果与泊肃叶理论公式(NS方程的管流表达式)相对比,可以看到在微米量级的矩形微流道中,泊肃叶公式仍然适用.

Relationship Between Contact Stiffness, Contact Depth, and Mechanical Properties for Indentation in Linear Viscoelastic Solids Using Axisymmetric Indenters

We derive a relationship between the initial unloading slope, contact depth, and the instantaneous relaxation modulus for indentation in linear viscoelastic solids by a rigid indenter with an arbitrary axisymmetric smooth profile. Although the same expres

小玫角下轴对称细长体的充气肩空泡试验研究

在减压水洞中进行控泡试验研究受到各种条件因素的制约，充气空泡的研究是对减压水洞试验的一个很好补偿，本文在小型重力式水洞中对轴我体的充气空泡的特征、形态、底压力和水动力等作了尝试性研究。部分结果和自然空泡的测量结果及有关计算结果作了比较，得到了有益的结论。

Laboratory study on cracks in saturated sands

It has been reported([1]) that when a loosely packed column of saturated sand in a vertical cylindrical container is shock loaded axially by dropping to the floor, large horizontal cracks initiate, grow and eventually fade away in the sand as it settles under gravity. This paper shows that a similar phenomenon can also be observed when shock loading is replaced by forcing water to percolate upward through the sand column. It is believed that our result sheds further light on the physics of formation of these cracks.

屏蔽气体对氩等离子体冲击射流的影响

在空气环境中利用氩等离子体射流进行材料加工时,环境空气卷吸进入射流可能会引起金属材料氧化.采用同轴屏蔽气体保护是减小该不利影响的一种可行方案.为此本文对空气环境中层流氩等离子体冲击射流特性受屏蔽气体影响问题进行了数值模拟研究,重点考察了屏蔽气体速度等对材料加工区氧含量的影响.

Microstructure and characteristics in the organic matrix layers of nacre

The direct observation of a type of microstructure in the organic matrix layers of nacre was obtained with a transmission electron microscope. The microstructure, which is referred to as mineral bridge in the biomineralization, is nanoscale and randomly distributed in the layers. Statistical analysis gives the distribution laws and characteristics of mineral bridges in the organic matrix layers. The existence of mineral bridges in nacre was confirmed, and it was shown that the microarchitecture of nacre should be described as a "brick-bridge-mortar" arrangement rather than traditional "brick and mortar" one.

A new hardening law for strain gradient plasticity

A new hardening law of the strain gradient theory is proposed in this paper, which retains the essential structure of the incremental version of conventional J(2) deformation theory and obeys thermodynamic restrictions. The key feature of the new proposal is that the term of strain gradient plasticity is represented as an internal variable to increase the tangent modulus. This feature which is in contrast to several proposed theories, allows the problem of incremental equilibrium equations to be stated without higher-order stress, higher-order strain rates or extra boundary conditions. The general idea is presented and compared with the theory given by Fleck and Hutchinson (Adv. in Appl. Mech. (1997) 295). The new hardening law is demonstrated by two experimental tests i.e. thin wire torsion and ultra-thin beam bending tests. The present theoretical results agree well with the experiment results.

地表条件对坡面产流的影响

本文将复杂地表条件对坡面流运动的影响概化为阻力的变化,运用运动波理论和修正的Green-Ampt入渗模型,建立了能够反映地表条件影响的坡面降雨入渗产流模型,数值结果与实验符合较好,运用该模型分析了植被、地形、坡长、坡度等地表条件对坡面产流过程的影响.

Three-Dimensional Network Model And Its Parameter Calibration

A material model, whose framework is parallel spring-bundles oriented in 3-D space, is proposed. Based on a discussion of the discrete schemes and optimum discretization of the solid angles, a 3-D network cell consisted of one-dimensional components is developed with its geometrical and physical parameters calibrated. It is proved that the 3-D network model is able to exactly simulate materials with arbitrary Poisson ratio from 0 to 1/2, breaking through the limit that the previous models in the literature are only suitable for materials with Poisson ratio from 0 to 1/3. A simplified model is also proposed to realize high computation accuracy within low computation cost. Examples demonstrate that the 3-D network model has particular superiority in the simulation of short-fiber reinforced composites.

A Crack Perpendicular to the Bimaterial Interface in Finite Solid

The dislocation simulation method is used in this paper to derive the basic equations for a crack perpendicular to the bimaterial interface in a finite solid. The complete solutions to the problem, including the T stress and the stress intensity factors are obtained. The stress field characteristics are investigated in detail. It is found that when the crack is within a weaker material, the stress intensity factor is smaller than that in a homogeneous material and it decreases when the distance between the crack tip and interface decreases. When the crack is within a stiffer material, the stress intensity factor is larger than that in a homogeneous material and it increases when the distance between the crack tip and interface decreases. In both cases, the stress intensity factor will increase when the ratio of the size of a sample to the crack length decreases. A comparison of stress intensity factors between a finite problem and an infinite problem has been given also. The stress distribution ahead of the crack tip, which is near the interface, is shown in details and the T stress effect is considered.

环形激波和爆轰波会聚过程的气体动力学特性

首先应用修正的激波CCW关系式分析了激波和爆轰波会聚过程及其化学反应的影响, 得到了初始Mach数相同条件下激波聚焦效果比爆轰波强的定性结论. 然后求解Euler方程和基元化学反应模型对环形激波和爆轰波的会聚过程进行了数值模拟, 分析了会聚过程的气体动力学特性、波系结构的差异及其产生原因. 通过对波绕射、会聚和聚焦点附近状态参数变化的对比分析, 揭示了爆轰波化学反应在绕射和会聚不同阶段所起的作用, 验证了理论分析结果.

Deflections and Curvatures of a Film–Substrate Structure with the Presence of Gradient Stress in MEMS Applications

The close form solutions of deflections and curvatures for a film–substrate composite structure with the presence of gradient stress are derived. With the definition of more precise kinematic assumption, the effect of axial loading due to residual gradient stress is incorporated in the governing equation. The curvature of film–substrate with the presence of gradient stress is shown to be nonuniform when the axial loading is nonzero. When the axial loading is zero, the curvature expressions of some structures derived in this paper recover the previous ones which assume the uniform curvature. Because residual gradient stress results in both moment and axial loading inside the film–substrate composite structure, measuring both the deflection and curvature is proposed as a safe way to uniquely determine the residual stress state inside a film–substrate composite structure with the presence of gradient stress.

岩石破裂过程的数值模拟研究

考虑不同粒度组成和缺陷分布的岩石，对其裂纹扩展、演化过程的影响，建立数学模型，应用RFPA~2D程序分析了均质度对岩石类脆性材料在外载作用下的裂纹扩展、演化过程的影响，和相关的实验结果进行对比，指出了均质对材料破坏过程的决定性影响。

障碍物扰动对预混气点火的影响

在一根半开口管道中,以乙炔为燃料,改变当量比和进气速度,实验研究了障碍物扰动对预混气点火的影响.实验表明,在小当量比情况下,在没有障碍物的光管中,随着进气速度的增加,点火所需要的当量比逐渐减小,回火区域逐渐增大.而添加障碍物后,回火区域的位置和点火所需要的当量比相对来说比较稳定,基本不随进气速度的增加而大幅度变化.并且由于障碍物引起的扰动使得点火所需要的当量比要比无障碍物时大得多.