Caracterização da expressão gênica dos receptores colinérgicos nicotínicos (CHRNs) no epitélio esofágico normal e em carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago

O câncer de esôfago (CE) é uma doença extremamente agressiva e é um dos tumores mais incidentes e letais no Brasil e no mundo, sendo o carcinoma epidermóide de esôfago (CEE) o principal subtipo histológico, apresentando como principais fatores de risco o etilismo e o tabagismo na população ocidental. A exposição concomitante desses dois fatores representa um risco multiplicador para o desenvolvimento de CEE, sendo que o fumo parece ter um papel importante tanto na iniciação quanto na promoção do tumor, enquanto o álcool teria um papel mais relevante na promoção. Componentes do tabaco, como a nicotina e as nitrosaminas são potentes carcinógenos e agonistas de alta afinidade dos receptores colinérgicos nicotínicos (CHRNs), podendo atuar ativando vias de sinalização celular fundamentais para a progressão tumoral. Pouco se sabe sobre a expressão e regulação dos CHRNs na mucosa esofágica e no processo de carcinogênese desse tecido. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a expressão gênica dos CHRNs no epitélio esofágico normal e em CEE, bem como sua regulação pelos fatores de risco associados ao tumor. Foi observado que as subunidades α3, α5, α7 e β4 são expressas no epitélio esofágico saudável humano enquanto as subunidades α1, α4, α9 e α10 apresentaram baixa ou nenhuma expressão nesse mesmo tecido. Além disso, foram encontradas diferenças de expressão das subunidades α3 e α7 em indivíduos etilistas e tabagistas quando comparados com indivíduos não-etilistas (subunidade α3) e não-tabagistas (subunidade α7). Nas amostras de CEE, as subunidades CHRNA5 e CHRNA7 foram encontradas superexpressas no tumor quando comparado ao tecido normal adjacente e observou-se diferença de expressão da subunidade α7 no tumor comparado com o tecido saudável e a subunidade β4 apresentou-se mais expressa no tecido tumoral e no tecido normal adjacente ao tumor do que no epitélio esofágico saudável. Entretanto, não foram encontradas diferenças de expressão de nenhuma das subunidades avaliadas nas linhagens CEE quando submetidas a tratamento com nicotina ou etanol. Os resultados obtidos sugerem uma participação dos CHRNs na fisiologia do epitélio esofágico e que os fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de CEE parecem ser capazes de afetar a expressão desses receptores no epitélio esofágico.

Eden & District Fisheries Advisory Committee 14th October, 1975

This is the report from the Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 14th October 1975. The report looks at the planning study for the post 1981 period and fisheries activities on the Eden and Esk. This section includes catches of miragtory, brown trout and coarse fish, the summary of the stocking carried out from Holmewrangle hatchery and Biological work undertaken on the Eden. It also contain sections on fish mortalities, new code of fishery byelaws and fishing licence duties. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Eden & District Fisheries Advisory Committee 13th January, 1976.

This is the report from the Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 13th January 1976. The report contains information on the land drainage representation on local committees, fisheries activities report, salmon stocking on the River Eden, status of Haweswater and Castle Carrock Reservoir, fisheries byelaws, licensing provisions for the River Esk and progress made in implementing the recommendations contained in the 'Taking Stock' publication. The section on fisheries activities reported by area fisheries officers looks at fishing, spawning disease and poaching of migratory fish and coarse fishing. It also contains description of ova obtained at Holmwrange hatchery and provisions of new equipment, biological work carried on Eden and Blackrack Beck and suggestions for new fish counters and traps. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Eden & District Fisheries Advisory Committee 28th June, 1977.

This is the report from the Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee, which was held on the 28th June, 1977. The report looks at the comments of the Regional Fisheries Officer which includes information on salmon, brown trout and sea trout catches in the River Eden; restockings from Holmwrangle Hatchery to some rivers: Eden, Esk and Tarn. Electro fishing information is also given by river (Cocker, Marron, Ellen, Glenderaterra, Ehen, Calder, Irt, Esk or Annas)and stream for 1977. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Eden & District Fisheries Advisory Committee 18th October, 1977

This is the report from the Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 18th October, 1977. It covers fisheries income and expenditure, licence duties and a brief bit on draft nets for the River Eden and netting on the Solway Firth. It also looks at the possible development of Rivers Waver and Wampool as a sea trout fishery, in which the report covers the physical descriptions of the catchments, abstractions, discharges, biological aspects, chemical aspects and the present situation regarding fisheries. Also included is the report by the area fisheries officer on fisheries activities which includes information on river conditions and fishing, fish kills on the River Petteril, River Wiza and Ullswater, bailiff activities, stock numbers, and an update on Holmwrangle hatchery. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Eden & District Fisheries Advisory Committee 29th March, 1977.

This is the report from the Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 29th March, 1977. The report contains sections on Fisheries income and expenditure, netting on the Solway Firth, water bailiffs on the River Eden and fisheries activities. The section on fisheries activities includes river conditions and salmon fishing in the River Eden and on the Border Esk; salmon catches from the Border Esk, Eden, and Solway; restocking; and fish mortalities. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Eden & District Fisheries Advisory Committee 10th January, 1978

This is the report from the Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 10th January, 1978. It covers information of fisheries income and expenditure, licence duties, regional water resources study, salmon fishing, radioactive discharge in relation to fishery interests and a brief mention about the possibilities of opening Castle Carrock reservoir for public angling. It also includes the report by the area fisheries officer on river conditions and fishing, Holmwrangle Hatchery and stocking. Included in this report is a note on the survey work carried out on the Upper Eden and Eamont regarding brown trout, the collection of fish for hatcheries, Redd counting and the transfer of coarse fish. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Eden & District Fisheries Advisory Committee 4th April, 1978

This is the report from the Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 4th April, 1978. It covers information on fisheries income and expenditure, net licence duties and a fishery dispute in the Solway Firth. It also includes the report by the area fisheries officer on river conditions and fishing, and Holmwrangle hatchery which include sections on disease outbreaks, movements of fish and stock lists. Included in this report is also fish disease, biological work and a brief note on the spotting of Cormorants on the Eden and the worry about the effect this will have on shoals of smolts. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee 27th June, 1978

This is the report from the Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 27th June, 1978. It covers information on the monitoring of radioactivity in migratory fish, fishing offences and prosecutions, and the income from the sale of rod and line licences. Also included is the review of discharge consent conditions and illegal netting, and the report by the area fisheries officer. This covers information on river conditions and fishing, migratory fish movements, Holmwrangle hatchery, fish mortalities, fish diseases, coarse fish removals from Brunstock Beck, and In-River engineering works. Also included in the report is the stocking numbers of salmon and sea trout by the Water Authority. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee 17th October, 1978

This is the report from the Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 17th October, 1978. It covers information on fisheries income and expenditure, the study of salmon propagation in England and Wales, work on the future programme of fisheries work and keep nets. It also covers the report by the area fisheries officer on fishing activities including river conditions and fishing for salmon, sea trout, brown trout, and coarse fish, and an update on Holmwrangle hatchery. The report also looks at stocking numbers of salmon and sea trout in various rivers, predator counts for various rivers, biological work and fish disease. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Eden & District Fisheries Advisory Committee 11th January, 1977.

This is the report from the Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 11th January, 1977. The report contains sections on netting on the Solway Firth, fisheries activities, fish stocking, eel fishing on estuarial waters, and infectious Pancreatic Necrosis. The section on fisheries activities includes general information on the River Eden and Esk; fish transfers; predators; disease; fish mortalities; restocking; and information of Holmwrangle hatchery. The section on Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis looks at this fish disease highlighting its prevention on imports of salmonid fish and ova. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Eden & District Fisheries Advisory Committee 19th October, 1976.

This is the report from the Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 19th October, 1976. The report contains sections on fish stocking, the drought situation, fisheries activities, the protection of salmon and trout fry from cormorants and mergansers feeding on these fish, and water conditions harmful to fish life. The section on fish stocking includes background information about fish stocking by the authority; difficulties; migratory fish; non-migratory trout and coarse fish; stocking after pollution; stocking of waters within the region; stocking with coarse fish; and recommendations. The section on fisheries activities includes general information on the Eden and District Area; stocking; fish rescues; fish mortalities; Holmewrange hatchery; fry stocking; disease; and smolts. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee 9th January, 1979

This is the report from the Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 9th January, 1979. It covers the section on the report by the area fisheries officer on fishing activities includes river conditions and fishing for salmon, sea trout, brown trout and coarse fish and an update on Holmwrangle hatchery which includes stock numbers and fish distribution. Fish disease on the Border Esk are included as well as numbers of salmon and sea trout stripping for Holmwrangle hatchery. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee 29th June, 1976.

This is the report from the Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 29th June, 1976. The report contains sections on fisheries activities and validity of Rod Licences. The section on fisheries activities during the period 13th January-3rd March includes fishing and coarse fish; stocking; biological surveys; mortalities; poaching; scale reading and a report on salmon scale return in the River Eden. The section on fisheries activities during the period 3rd March-23th May includes a general report of the Eden and District fisheries; fish kills; stocking; fish transfer/rescue; obtaining of ova, fry rearing; and fry stocking. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.

Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee 3rd April, 1979

This is the report from the Eden and District Fisheries Advisory Committee meeting, which was held on the 3rd April, 1979. It includes the information on the meeting about the possible reduction of haaf netting on the Solway Estuary. Also covered is the report by the area fisheries officer on fisheries activities which comments on river conditions and fishing for salmon, sea trout and coarse fish and an update on Holmwrangle hatchery including mortalities due to water quality and gill infections in brown trout. It also looks at fish disease, research work and data of monthly salmon and migratory trout catches on rod, line, nets and fixed engines for the 1978 season. The Fisheries Advisory Committee was part of the Regional Water Authorities, in this case the North West Water Authority. This preceded the Environment Agency which came into existence in 1996.