Teenage girl sitting on the beach

Inscriptions: Verso: [stamped] Photograph by Freda Leinwand. [463 West Street, Studio 229G, New York, NY 10014].

Relatório de estágio no Praia D’El Rey Marriott Golf & Beach Resort: Melhoria das operações através dos recursos existentes

Durante o período de estágio curricular, no âmbito do Mestrado em Gestão e Direção Hoteleira, que decorreu de 1 de Novembro de 2013 a 31 de Julho de 2014, nos departamentos de Direção de F&B, At Your Service e Relações Públicas e Eventos do Praia D’El Rey Marriott Golf & Beach Resort, verificou-se que, em algumas e diferentes situações, não existia uma gestão eficaz entre os recursos existentes e a própria operação. O objetivo do presente trabalho pretende mostrar como, muitas vezes, através dos próprios recursos se consegue melhorar a operação e, consequentemente, os resultados. Efetuou-se uma análise de observação à operação e, ao mesmo tempo, interagiu-se diretamente com os recursos humanos, no intuito de se detetarem falhas que se consigam evitar através dos próprios recursos, ou seja, sem custos para a empresa. Na Direção de F&B pôs-se em prática um dos standards exigidos pela cadeia Marriott, o Art of Host. Este standard será abordado ao longo do presente trabalho, contudo, a sua principal vantagem é, sem dúvida, a melhoria da comunicação entre equipas e a partilha de ideias e conhecimentos. Ainda na área do F&B, mas já a nível de compras e fornecedores, também se realizaram estudos e análises que se revelaram importantes para uma melhor gestão da operação. No departamento de At Your Service, verificou-se uma falha no conhecimento da carta de room-service, por parte dos PBX Operators. Assim, realizou-se um taste panel para todos os colaboradores deste departamento e os resultados foram bastante positivos. Já na área das Relações Públicas e Eventos, projetou-se e criou-se um espaço que funciona como um Resort Information Office, ou seja, um ponto de informação do resort onde, ao mesmo tempo, se promovem eventos. Um projeto dinâmico e eficaz. As ações implementadas, no geral, demonstraram que, de facto, conseguem-se melhorias na operação, muitas vezes, através dos recursos existentes. Recomenda-se a adoção futura e contínua deste tipo de iniciativas e ações para que se obtenham resultados cada vez melhores.

Xavier Zapata (FIU graduate student) collecting a groundwater sample, Taylor Slough

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the Florida Coastal Everglades Long-Term Ecological Research program under Cooperative Agreements #DBI-0620409 and #DEB-9910514. This image is made available for non-commercial or educational use only.

Dr. Price testing groundwater salinity at SRS-6

http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/fce_lter_photos/1337/thumbnail.jpg

(Table 2) Grain composition of sediments from ODP Hole 161-974B and from beach samples

Miocene to Pleistocene sand and sandstone were recovered at Ocean Drilling Program Site 974 in the Tyrrhenian Basin and Sites 976 and 977 in the Alboran Basin. Sand detrital modes were determined for 45 samples from these sites, as well as 10 samples of Spanish beach sand. At Site 974, the Pleistocene section includes a number of volcaniclastic (vitric ash) and terrigenous sand layers; the latter are heterogeneous and contain sedimentary and metamorphic lithic fragments. Submarine canyon and onshore drainage patterns suggest that the most likely source of this sediment is the Tiber River drainage basin in central Italy, where a Pleistocene volcanic field is superimposed on Apennine orogenic rocks. In contrast, the Miocene sand in Unit III at Site 974 may have been derived from local basement highs. The quartzolithic composition and preponderance of metamorphic and sedimentary lithic debris in sand samples from Unit II at Site 976, Unit I at Sites 977 and 978, and Unit I at Site 979 are consistent with derivation from metamorphic rocks and sedimentary cover sequences that crop out in the Betic Cordillera of southern Spain (976-978) and in the Rif of Northern Africa (979). The sedimentary to metamorphic lithic fragment ratios in these samples reflect the relative proportion of metamorphic and sedimentary rocks exposed in onshore source terranes. In contrast, the source of the few quartzose Pleistocene sands at Site 976 was likely the Flysch Trough Units that crop out near Gibraltar. The significant volcanic component in certain intervals at Sites 976 (upper Miocene) and 977 (lower Pliocene to Miocene) is consistent with widespread volcanic activity during basin inception and development. Mean sand detrital modes for sand subgroups from both the Alboran and Tyrrhenian Basin sites plot in the Recycled Orogenic and Magmatic Arc compositional fields of Dickinson et al. (1983, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<222:PONAPS>2.0.CO;2), reflecting the hybrid tectonic histories of these basins.

Hydrochemical and microbiological properties of groundwater from pristine aquifer sampled at the Lower Rhine Embayment

The hydrochemistry and the microbial diversity of a pristine aquifer system near Garzweiler, Germany next to the open-pit lignite mine Garzweiler 1, were characterized. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic data indicate a recent activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the Tertiary marine sands. The community structure in the aquifer was studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Up to 7.3 x 10**5 cells/ml were detected by DAPIstaining. Bacteria (identified by the probe EUB338) were dominant, representing 51.9% of the total cell number (DAPI). Another 25.7% of total cell were affiliated with the domain Archaea as identified by the probe ARCH915. Within the domain Bacteria, the beta-Proteobacteria were most abundant (21.0% of total cell counts). Using genusspecific probes for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), 2.5% of the total cells were identified as members of the genus Desulfotomaculum. This reflects the predominant role these microorganisms have been found to play in sulfatereducing zones of aquifers at other sites. Previously, all SRB cultured from this site were from the spore-forming genera Desulfotomaculum and Desulfosporosinus. Samples were taken after pumping for >= 40 min and after parameters such as temperature, pH, redox potential, oxygen and conductivity of the groundwater had remained stable for >= 15 min due to recharge of aquifer water. Hybridization and microscopy counts of hybridized and 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)- stained cells were performed as described in Snaidr et al., (1997, http://aem.asm.org/content/63/7/2884.full.pdf). Means were calculated from 10 to 20 randomly chosen fields on each filter section, corresponding to 800-1000 DAPI stained cells. Counting results were always corrected by subtracting signals observed with the probe NON338. Formamide concentrations and oligonucleotide probes used please see further details.

Mineralcomposition of beach sediments from the area "Fähre Großenbrode-Kliff Wulfen" on Fehmarn

Um die Insel Fehmarn und an der Nordküste Wagriens wurden rund 2500 Strand-, Flachwasser- und Seesandproben zum Erkennen der Materialtransportwege sedimentpetrographisch untersucht. Für die Schwermineralbestimmung wurde hauptsächlich die Fraktion 0,2-0,1 mm herangezogen, da diese für die vorliegenden Sedimente charakteristisch ist. Da die Mineralzusammensetzung der Sedimente im gesamten Untersuchungsgebiet gleich ist, also nirgends örtlich sog. Leitminerale zugeführt werden, wurden bei der Auswertung der Analysenergebnisse die hydrographischen Verhältnisse der westlichen Ostsee und die Abhängigkeit des Sedimentes von der Kraft des bewegten Meerwassers beachtet. Bezüglich der Abhängigkeit des transportierten Materials von der Wasserkraft werden drei voneinander abweichende Systeme, nämlich der Strand, die Brandungszone und das tiefere Wassergebiet, erkannt. Am Strand ist die angewandte Untersuchungsmethode sowohl an langgestreckten Küsten als auch in stark untergliederten Ufergebieten zum Erkennen der Sandwanderbahnen geeignet. Erosion und Neuzuführung von Material auf dem Transportwege zeigen das gleiche mineralische Bild, und eine Entscheidung, welcher dieser beiden Fälle tatsächlich vorliegt, kann nur im Gelände getroffen werden. Die Korngrößenanalyse allein ist zur Beantwortung vorliegender Fragestellungen nicht brauchbar, weil durch gegebene hydrographische Bedingungen die Korngröße in Transportrichtung sowohl abnehmen als auch zunehmen kann. In Strandgebieten mit veränderter natürlicher Beschaffenheit der Sedimente und an Küsten mit ausgedehnten vorgelagerten materialliefernden Abrasionsflächen ist die Grenze der Methode aufgezeigt. Höfte, Haken und Sandinseln zeigen jeweils typische mineralische Zusammensetzungen ihres Strandes, aus welchen die Entstehung der betreffenden Anlandungsformen abgeleitet werden kann. Quer über die Brandungszone weisen die Sedimente auf engem Raum wechselnde Mineralzusammensetzung auf, aus der auf die örtlichen hydrographischen Verhältnisse geschlossen werden kann. Zum Vergleich sedimentpetrographischer Ergebniswerte sind nur Sande, die unter gleichen Ablagerungsbedingungen entstanden sind, geeignet. Zum Erkennen der Materialwanderwege wurden entweder Sandproben von den Riffkämmen oder aus den Rinnen zwischen zwei Sandanhäufungszonen untersucht. In beiden Fällen wurden die Transportrichtungen erkannt. In Gebieten, in denen die Strandsanduntersuchungen negativ verliefen, ließen die Riffsandproben Schlüsse auf die Materialschüttungsrichtungen zu. An exponierten Küsten mit mehreren wirksamen Windrichtungen darf jedoch nicht von dem einen auf das andere Wandersystem geschlossen werden. Eine Umkehr der Materialvertriftung zwischen Flachwasser und Strand kann vorliegen. Im tieferen Wasser ist es möglich, mit gleicher Methode unter Berücksichtigung der Morphologie des Meeresgrundes die Materialschüttungsrichtung zu erkennen. Zur Sedimentuntersuchung auf Linienprofilen sind nur Proben gleicher Wassertiefe geeignet; die Sonderung des Materials nach der Tiefe muß beachtet werden. Aus den ermittelten sedimentpetrographischen Werten lassen sich eine Reihe von Beziehungen ablesen, die zur Deutung der Mineralgesellschaft und für die Auswertung der Untersuchungsergebnisse herangezogen werden können. Als regionales Ergebnis der vorstehenden Untersuchung kann eine Karte der Küsten Fehmarns und Nordoldenburgs vorgelegt werden, in der die Sandwanderungswege am Strand, in der Flachwasserzone und in den daran anschließenden tieferen Wassergebieten dargestellt sind.

Hydrochemical properties of groundwater samples in Semarang area, Java Island, Indonesia (1992, 1993, 2003, 2006, and 2007)

In Semarang City, groundwater has been exploited as a natural resource since 1841. The groundwater exploited in deep wells is concentrated in confined aquifers. The previous hydrogeological model was developed in one unit of aquifer and refined then by using several hydrostratigraphical units following a regional hydrogeological map without any further analysis. At present, there is a lack of precise hydrogeological model which integrates geological and hydrogeological data, in particular for multiple aquifers in Semarang. Thus, the aim of this paper is to develop a hydrogeological model for the multiple aquifers in Semarang using an integrated data approach. Groundwater samples in the confined aquifers have been analyzed to define the water type and its lateral distribution. Two hydrogeological cross sections were then created based on several borelog data to define a hydrostratigraphical unit (HSU). The HSU result indicates the hydrogeological model of Semarang consists of two aquifers, three aquitards, and one aquiclude. Aquifer 1 is unconfined, while Aquifer 2 is confined. Aquifer 2 is classified into three groups (2a, 2b, and 2c) based on analyses of major ion content and hydrostratigraphical cross sections.

(Table 1) Water chemistry of groundwater and snow samples from three sites in Ontario, Canada

Snow samples collected from hand-dug pits at two sites in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada were analysed for major and trace elements using the clean lab methods established for polar ice. Potentially toxic, chalcophile elements are highly enriched in snow, relative to their natural abundance in crustal rocks, with enrichment factor (EF) values (calculated using Sc) in the range 107 to 1081 for Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, Te, and Zn. Relative to M/Sc ratios in snow, water samples collected at two artesian flows in this area are significantly depleted in Ag, Al, Be, Bi, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, V, and Zn at both sites, and in Co, Th and Tl at one of the sites. The removal from the waters of these elements is presumably due to such processes as physical retention (filtration) of metal-bearing atmospheric aerosols by organic and mineral soil components as well as adsorption and surface complexation of ionic species onto organic, metal oxyhydroxide and clay mineral surfaces. In the case of Pb, the removal processes are so effective that apparently ''natural'' ratios of Pb to Sc are found in the groundwaters. Tritium measurements show that the groundwater at one of the sites is modern (ie not more than 30 years old) meaning that the inputs of Pb and other trace elements to the groundwaters may originally have been much higher than they are today; the M/Sc ratios measured in the groundwaters today, therefore, represent a conservative estimate of the extent of metal removal along the flow path. Lithogenic elements significantly enriched in the groundwaters at both sites include Ba, Ca, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, S, Si, Sr, and Ti. The abundance of these elements can largely be explained in terms of weathering of the dominant silicate (plagioclase, potassium feldspar, amphibole and biotite) and carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite and ankerite) in the soils and sediments of the watershed. Arsenic, Mo, Te, and especially U are also highly enriched in the groundwaters, due to chemical weathering: these could easily be explained if there are small amounts of sulfides (As, Mo, Te) and apatite (U) in the soils of the source area. Elements neither significantly enriched nor depleted at both sites include Fe, Ga, Ge, and P.

Publicidad de Guerrilla: Estudio de la campaña Coronita Save the Beach

En el presente artículo se realiza una reflexión sobre la relación existente entre las nuevas formas publicitarias de Guerrilla y el arte conceptual de los años setenta; en concreto refiriéndose a una campaña como es Coronita Save the Beach de la compañía mexicana de cervezas Coronita. Estas formas publicitarias de guerrilla han surgido como solución a la crisis de los formatos tradicionales de los medios de comunicación y a la saturación publicitaria. Son, a su vez, formatos novedosos en el ámbito publicitario, pero se ejecutan en base a esquemas artísticos del siglo XX surgidos a raíz de la crisis del objeto artístico de los años setenta. Esta crisis supuso el origen del arte conceptual, movimiento artístico que buscaba la supremacía de la idea frente al objeto artístico en sí. El arte siempre ha sido vanguardia cultural y social. Desde este punto de vista, se ha analizado esta campaña que se vale de estas vías alternativas de comunicación, estableciendo una relación entre arte y publicidad.

Modeling long-term variability and change of soil moisture and groundwater level - from catchment to global scale

The water stored in and flowing through the subsurface is fundamental for sustaining human activities and needs, feeding water and its constituents to surface water bodies and supporting the functioning of their ecosystems. Quantifying the changes that affect the subsurface water is crucial for our understanding of its dynamics and changes driven by climate change and other changes in the landscape, such as in land-use and water-use. It is inherently difficult to directly measure soil moisture and groundwater levels over large spatial scales and long times. Models are therefore needed to capture the soil moisture and groundwater level dynamics over such large spatiotemporal scales. This thesis develops a modeling framework that allows for long-term catchment-scale screening of soil moisture and groundwater level changes. The novelty in this development resides in an explicit link drawn between catchment-scale hydroclimatic and soil hydraulics conditions, using observed runoff data as an approximation of soil water flux and accounting for the effects of snow storage-melting dynamics on that flux. Both past and future relative changes can be assessed by use of this modeling framework, with future change projections based on common climate model outputs. By direct model-observation comparison, the thesis shows that the developed modeling framework can reproduce the temporal variability of large-scale changes in soil water storage, as obtained from the GRACE satellite product, for most of 25 large study catchments around the world. Also compared with locally measured soil water content and groundwater level in 10 U.S. catchments, the modeling approach can reasonably well reproduce relative seasonal fluctuations around long-term average values. The developed modeling framework is further used to project soil moisture changes due to expected future climate change for 81 catchments around the world. The future soil moisture changes depend on the considered radiative forcing scenario (RCP) but are overall large for the occurrence frequency of dry and wet events and the inter-annual variability of seasonal soil moisture. These changes tend to be higher for the dry events and the dry season, respectively, than for the corresponding wet quantities, indicating increased drought risk for some parts of the world.