Preparation and characterization of a novel solid solution of aluminum in tungsten carbide by mechanically activated high-temperature reaction

In this work, a novel substitutional solid solution (W0.8Al0.2)C was synthesized by mechanically activated high-temperature reaction. X-ray diffraction was used for phase identification during the whole reaction process. Environment scanning electronic microscopy-field emission gun and energy dispersive x-ray were used to investigate the microstructure and the quantitative material composition of the specimen. (W(0.8)A(10.2))C was found to crystallize in the WC-type, and the cell parameters were a = 2.907(1) angstrom and c = 2.837(1) angstrom. The hardness of (W0.8Al0.2)C was tested to be 19.3 +/- 1 GPa, and the density was 13.19 +/- 0.05 g cm(-3).

Crystallographic and electrochemical properties of ball-milled quasicrystalline Ti45Zr35Ni17Cu3 alloy with 20 mass% Ni

Icosahedral quasicrystalline Ti45Zr35Ni17Cu3 alloy powder was ball-milled with 20 mass% Ni, and the effect of the ball-milling time (t) on crystallographic and electrochemical characteristics were investigated. The amounts of icosahedral quasicrystalline and Ni phases decreased when ball-milling time increased from 30 to 180 min. The powder consisted of amorphous and (Ni and Ti) phases after 360 min of ball-milling. The maximum discharge capacity of the powder electrodes first increased from 89 (t = 0 min) to 192 mAh g(-1) (t = 180 min), and then decreased to 138 mAh g(-1) (t = 360 min). The high-rate dischargeability and the discharge capacity after 15 cycles increased with increasing ball-milling time.

Electrochemical properties of Ti0.17Zr0.08V0.35Cr0.10Ni0.30 alloy electrode

The electrochemical properties of the Ti0.17Zr0.08V0.35Cr0.10Ni0.30 alloy electrode were investigated. This alloy has good cycle life at 303 K, 313 K, and even at 323 K, but the discharge capacity decreases gradually at 333 K with increasing cycle number. Both the charge-discharge efficiency and the charge-discharge voltage reduce. The electrochemical impendence spectra indicate that the charge-transfer resistance decreases while the exchange current density increases as temperature increases. The apparent activation energy of the charge-transfer reaction is about 50 kJ mol(-1), which is higher than that on the AB(5) type alloy electrode.

Preparation and mechanical properties of a bulk icosahedral quasicrystalline Ti45Zr35Ni17Cu3 alloy

A bulk Ti45Zr35Ni17Cu3 alloy, which consisted of the icosahedral quasicrystalline phase, was prepared by mechanical alloying(MA) and subsequent pulse discharge sintering. Ti45Zr35Ni17Cu3 amorphous powders (with particle size < 50 mu m) were obtained after mechanical alloying for more than 150 h from the mixture of the elemental powder. The transformation temperature range from amorphous phase to the quasicrystalline phase was from 400 K to 900 K. The mechanical properties of the bulk quasicrystalline alloy have been examined at room temperature. The Vickers hardness and compressive fracture strength were 620 +/- 40 and 1030 +/- 60 MPa, respectively. The bulk quasicrystalline alloy exhibited the elastic deformation by the compressive test. The fracture mode was brittle cleavage fracture.

Microstructures and properties of melt-spun and as-cast Mg-20Gd binary alloy

Mg-20Gd(%, mass fraction) samples were prepared using melt-spinning and copper mold casting techniques. Microstructures and properties of the Mg-20Gd were investigated. Results show that the melt-spun ribbon is mainly composed of supersaturated alpha-Mg solid solution phase and the as-east ingot mainly contains alpha-Mg solid solution and Mg5Gd phase. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) curve of the ribbon exhibits a small exothermic peak in the temperature range from 630 to 680 K, which indicates that the ribbon contains a metastable phase (amorphous). Tensile strength at room temperature of the melt-spun ribbon and as-cast specimen are 308 and 254 MPa, respectively. The elongations of the two samples are less than 2%. The fracture surfaces demonstrate that the fracture mode of the as-cast Mg-20Gd is a typical cleavage fracture and that of the melt-spun sample is a combination of brittle fracture and ductile fracture.

A dinuclear aluminum 8-hydroxyquinoline complex with high electron mobility for organic light-emitting diodes

A dinuclear aluminum 8-hydroxyquinoline complex (DAlq(3)) with improved electron mobility was designed for organic light-emitting diodes. The electron mobility in DAlq(3) was determined via transient electroluminescence (EL) from bilayer devices with structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/N,N-'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N-'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB)/DAlq(3)/Mg:Ag. It was found that the electron mobility in DAlq(3) is between 3.7-8.4x10(-6) cm(2)/Vs at electric fields ranging between 1.2x10(6) and 4.0x10(6) V/cm, which is a factor of two higher than that in Alq(3). The DAlq(3) also shows a higher EL efficiency of 2.2 cd/A (1.2 Lm/W), as compared to Alq(3) with an EL efficiency of 2.0 cd/A (1.0 Lm/W), which is attributed to more balanced electron and hole recombination due to the improved electron mobility of DAlq(3).

Electrode characteristics and microstructure of AB(2)-AB(5) composite hydrogen storage alloy formed by ball-milling process

For improving the electrode characteristics of the Zr-based AB(2)-type alloy, a new kind of composite hydrogen Zr0.9Ti0.1(Ni0.50Mn0.35V0.15)(2)(represented as AB(2)) with a rare storage alloy was successfully prepared by ball-milling I earth-based AB(5)-type alloy (represented as AB(5)) which worked as a surface modifier. Effects of ball-milling on the electrode characteristics and microstructure of Zr0.9Ti0.1(Ni0.50Mn0.35V0.15)(2) alloy and mixtures of AB(2) with AB(5) alloy were investigated. After milling the mixed AB(2) and AB(5) powders (9: 1 in mass ratio) for 10min, XRD and SEM analysis showed that AB(2) and AB(5) maintained their original crystalline states, respectively, some AB(5) particles were adhered onto the surface of AB(2), and some fresh surfaces were formed. It was found that the activation cycles of AB(2)-AB(5) composite alloy was shortened from 14 to 7 and the maximum discharge capacity was increased from 330mAh . g(-1) to 347mAh . g(-1) as compared with AB(2) alloy. The discharge rate capability of AB(2) alloy was also improved by ball milling AB(2) with AB(5) alloy process. The combined effect of ball-milling and mixing with AB(5) alloy is superior to that of sole treatment. It was believed that AB(5) alloy works not only as a regular hydrogen storage alloy, but also as a surface modifier to catalyze the hydriding/ dehydriding process of AB(2) alloy.

Novel bis(8-hydroxyquinoline)phenolato-aluminum complexes for organic light-emitting diodes

A novel series of emitting aluminum complexes containing two 8-hydroxyquinoline ligands (q) and a phenolato ligand (p) were synthesized and characterized. Double layer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated using these complexes as luminescent layers, and strong electroluminescence (EL) was observed. It was found that their emitting wavelengths were mainly determined by the first ligands (q). Cyclic voltammograms revealed a partially irreversible n-doping process and indicated that these complexes show excellent electron-transporting ability.

Electrochemical properties of rare earth AB(3)-type alloy as negative electrode material in MH-Ni battery

Electrochemical properties of rare earth AB(3)-type hydrogen storage alloys as negative electrode material and a polymer instead of 6 M KOH aqueous solution as solid state electrolyte in MH-Ni battery have been investigated at room temperature and 28degreesC first time. The partial replacement of Ni by Al and Mn elements increases the specific capacity and cycle stability of the alloy.

Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of trace iron (III) and aluminum (III) with hybrid linear analysis

Hybrid linear analysis (HLA) was applied to resolution of overlapping spectra of Fe3+-salicylfluorone and Al3+-salicylfluorone complexes and simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of Fe3+ and Al3+. The absorbance matrix of 7 standard mixtures at 41 measuring points ranged from the wavelength of 550 nm to 630 nm was used for calibration. To avoid the effect of interaction between the two components on the determination, the column vector of K matrix obtained from the standard mixtures with least squares was used as the pure spectrum of component. The recoveries of the two elements for the analysis of the synthetic samples were 93.3% similar to 107.5% in the range of the concentration ratio of Fe3+:Al3+ = 10:1 to 1:8. Comparing with the partial least squares (PIS) model, the HLA method was simple, accuracy and precise.

Electrochemical properties of LaAl2 laves phase alloy

The electrochemical performance of Laves phase alloys LaAl2 and LaAl1.5Ni0.5 were investigated. The results showed that LaAl2 alloy milled for 2 hours has the larger discharge capacity than that of as-cast alloy. In addition, partial substitution of Ni for Al will clearly increases the discharge capacity of milled LaAl2 alloy.

Polymerization of ethylene by zirconocene-B(C6F5)(3) catalysts with aluminum compounds

Ethylene polymerization by zirconocene-B(C6F5)(3) catalysts with various aluminum compounds has been investigated. It is found that the catalytic activity depended on zirconocenes used, and especially on the type of aluminum compounds. For Et(H(4)Ind)(2)ZrCl2 (H(4)Ind : tetrahydroindenyl), the activity decreases in the following order: Me3Al > i-Bu3Al > Et3Al much greater than Et2AlCl. While for Cp2ZrCl2(Cp : cyclopentadienyl), it varies as follows: i-Bu3Al > Me3Al much greater than Et3Al. Furthermore, the activity is significantly affected by the addition mode of the catalytic components, which may imply that the formation of active centers is associated with an existing concentration of catalytic components. Results of thermal behavior of polyethylene (PE) studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) show that crystallinity of the polymer prepared with Et3Al is higher than that with Me3Al or i-Bu3Al. It is also found that the number-average molecular weight ((M) over bar) of the polymers prepared with Me3Al or i-Bu3Al is much higher than that with Et3Al. H-1-NMR studies substantiate that i-Bu3Al is a more efficient alkylation agent of Cp2ZrCl2 in comparison with Me3Al. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Preparation of Pb-Ca-Na master alloy using molten chloride salt electrolysis

An electrolysis technique for co-deposition of Ca2+ and Na+ at the liquid lead cathode was put forward. The experiment was carried out at an electrolysis temperature below 650 degrees C and had a current efficiency of 98%, which are respectively 100 similar to 300 degrees C lower and 15% similar to 30% higher than those reported both at home and abroad.

SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ER3+-ACTIVATED AND CE3+-SENSITIZED YTTRIUM-ALUMINUM-GARNET LASER CRYSTALS

We report in this paper the spectral characteristics of Er3+ (2 at.%)-activated and Ce3+ (0.3 at.%)-sensitized yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG:Er,Ce) laser crystals grown by the Czochralski technique. The absorption and emission spectra were measured at room temperature. By using absorption spectra and Judd-Ofelt theory the experimental oscillator strengths of the Er3+ transitions in the YAG:Er,Ce crystals were calculated. The energy transfer between the Er3+ and Ce3+ ions is also discussed.