Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities for the Week Ending, July 14, 2006

Record of the Fatalities for Motor Vehicle Accidents in Iowa per week.

Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities for the Week Ending, July 28, 2006

Record of the Fatalities for Motor Vehicle Accidents in Iowa per week.

Maternal side-effects after multiple courses of antenatal corticosteroids (MACS): the three-month follow-up of women in the randomized controlled trial of MACS for preterm birth study.

OBJECTIVE: A single course of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) is associated with a reduction in respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal death. Multiple Courses of Antenatal Corticosteroids Study (MACS), a study involving 1858 women, was a multicentre randomized placebo-controlled trial of multiple courses of ACS, given every 14 days until 33+6 weeks or birth, whichever came first. The primary outcome of the study, a composite of neonatal mortality and morbidity, was similar for the multiple ACS and placebo groups (12.9% vs. 12.5%), but infants exposed to multiple courses of ACS weighed less, were shorter, and had smaller head circumferences. Thus for women who remain at increased risk of preterm birth, multiple courses of ACS (every 14 days) are not recommended. Chronic use of corticosteroids is associated with numerous side effects including weight gain and depression. The aim of this postpartum assessment was to ascertain if multiple courses of ACS were associated with maternal side effects. METHODS: Three months postpartum, women who participated in MACS were asked to complete a structured questionnaire that asked about maternal side effects of corticosteroid use during MACS and included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Women were also asked to evaluate their study participation. RESULTS: Of the 1858 women randomized, 1712 (92.1%) completed the postpartum questionnaire. There were no significant differences in the risk of maternal side effects between the two groups. Large numbers of women met the criteria for postpartum depression (14.1% in the ACS vs. 16.0% in the placebo group). Most women (94.1%) responded that they would participate in the trial again. CONCLUSION: In pregnancy, corticosteroids are given to women for fetal lung maturation and for the treatment of various maternal diseases. In this international multicentre randomized controlled trial, multiple courses of ACS (every 14 days) were not associated with maternal side effects, and the majority of women responded that they would participate in such a study again.

Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities for the Week Ending, July 21, 2006

Record of the Fatalities for Motor Vehicle Accidents in Iowa per week.

Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities for the Week Ending, August 4, 2006

Record of the Fatalities for Motor Vehicle Accidents in Iowa per week.

Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities for the Week Ending, August 11, 2006

Record of the Fatalities for Motor Vehicle Accidents in Iowa per week.

Influence d'une hospitalisation prénatale sur les facteurs de stress parentaux lors d'une naissance prématurée [Influence of prenatal hospitalization on parental stressful experience in the case of a premature birth].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of prenatal hospitalization before a premature birth, on the parental stressful experience, parental symptoms of post-traumatic stress and quality of parent-infant interaction during the hospitalization in neonatology. POPULATION AND METHODS: Population: 51 preterm infants born and 25 full term infants control. Four groups: controls, premature without prenatal hospitalization, premature with a short (<8 days) prenatal hospitalization and premature with a long (≥8 days) prenatal hospitalization. Instruments: the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU, Miles et al., 1993 [14]) and the Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ, Quinnell and Hynan, 1999 [16]). RESULTS: When prenatal hospitalization of the mother occurred, parents acknowledged increased stress induced by the environmental factors during the infant's hospitalization. Furthermore, mothers from the group with a short prenatal hospitalization presented significantly more symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Parents presenting more symptoms of post-traumatic stress describe a significantly more difficult interaction with their infant in neonatology. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the necessity to deliver special care to women hospitalized shortly (<8 days) prior to the delivery of their premature baby. This group is at high risk of presenting post-traumatic stress symptoms, which could have a negative impact on the quality of parent-infant interactions.

Morse Fall Scale: tradução e adaptação transcultural para a língua portuguesa

Estudo realizado com o objetivo de traduzir e adaptar a Morse Fall Scale da língua inglesa para a portuguesa. Foi realizado em sete etapas: autorização pela autora da escala; tradução para o português do Brasil; avaliação e estruturação da escala traduzida; tradução reversa para o inglês; avaliação e validação da escala pelo comitê de especialistas; avaliação da clareza dos itens e definições operacionais por 45 profissionais e avaliação da concordância entre avaliadores e confiabilidade da reprodutibilidade, quanto aos dados referentes à avaliação de 90 pacientes, por quatro avaliadores/juízes. Quanto à clareza da escala, as proporções foram consideradas muito satisfatórias, com intervalo de confiança entre 73% a 100% na opção muito claro. Quanto à concordância das respostas, os resultados apresentaram coeficientes Kappa em torno de 0,80 ou superiores. Concluiu-se que o processo de adaptação da escala foi bem sucedido, indicando que seu uso é apropriado para a população de pacientes brasileiros hospitalizados.

Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities for the Week Ending, August 25, 2006

Record of the Fatalities for Motor Vehicle Accidents in Iowa per week.

Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities for the Week Ending, August 18, 2006

Record of the Fatalities for Motor Vehicle Accidents in Iowa per week.

Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities for the Week Ending, September 1, 2006

Record of the Fatalities for Motor Vehicle Accidents in Iowa per week.

Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities for the Week Ending, September 8, 2006

Record of the Fatalities for Motor Vehicle Accidents in Iowa per week.

Motor Vehicle Accident Fatalities for the Week Ending, September 15, 2006

Record of the Fatalities for Motor Vehicle Accidents in Iowa per week.

Tradução e validação da escala Partner Communication Scale – versão brasileira com adolescentes do sexo feminino

O objetivo do estudo é descrever o processo de adaptação e validação da escala Partner Communication Scale -PCS com adolescentes do sexo feminino em Fortaleza, CE. Pesquisa metodológica, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada com 313 adolescentes, entre 14 a 18 anos, que já haviam tido o primeiro intercurso sexual. O processo de adaptação transcultural seguiu as etapas: tradução, retrotradução, avaliação das traduções por um comitê de juízes e teste da versão pré-final. A escala foi aplicada com um questionário sociodemográfico e de variáveis sexuais e reprodutivas, via computador, em novembro/2010 a janeiro/2011. A confiabilidade foi verificada por meio do teste alfa de Cronbach (0.86) e demonstrou que pode ser aplicada no cenário da atenção primária à saúde, durante as consultas de enfermagem ao adolescente, e que permite identificar fatores que dificultam/facilitam a comunicação, principalmente em relação às DST/HIV. A escala mostrou-se adequada para verificar a comunicação entre os parceiros sexuais na adolescência.

Economies of Feedlot Scale, Biosecurity, Investment, and Endemic Livestock Disease, September 2006

Infectious livestock disease creates externalities for proximate animal production enterprises. The distribution of production scale within a region should influence and be influenced by these disease externalities. Taking the distribution of the unit costs of stocking an animal as primitive, we show that an increase in the variance of these unit costs reduces consumer surplus. The effect on producer surplus, total surplus, and animal concentration across feedlots depends on the demand elasticity. A subsidy to smaller herds can reduce social welfare and immiserize the farm sector by increasing the extent of disease. While Nash behavior involves excessive stocking, disease effects can be such that aggregate output declines relative to first-best. Disease externalities can induce more adoption of a cost-reducing technology by larger herds so that animals become more concentrated across herds. For strategic reasons, excess overall adoption of the innovation may occur. Larger herds are also more likely to adopt biosecurity innovations, explaining why larger herds may be less diseased in equilibrium.