951 resultados para 8 [2 [4 (2 methoxyphenyl) 1 piperazinyl]ethyl] 8 azaspiro[4.5]decane 7,9 dione
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辽西山地由于人为破坏严重,自然环境恶劣,建国以来,国家和地方先后投入了大量的人力与物力,开展以人工植被建设为主要目的工程治理。由于诸多方面原因,辽西生态建设多注重理论的探讨和工程的实施,技术开发没引起足够重视。本文以山地乡土树种开发利用的理论和技术为主要内容,对辽西山地生态建设的理论和方法进行研究,目的是为辽西山地生态恢复与环境治理提供相应的理论基础和技术指导,以期在辽西生态与环境建设中以较少的投资获得较大的生态效益。本研究有如下工作和结果:(1)分析并明确了辽西山地生态建设主要矛盾,指出辽西山地生态建设应遵循恢复生态学理论;(2)通过对干燥度测算,明确了辽西地区属于半干旱区与半湿润区的交错地带,从而对辽西山地给出了现实的生态区划定位;(3)利用修正的Thornthwaite公式计算了这一地区的最大潜在蒸发量,分析了水分的盈亏状况;(4)研究分析了乡土树种生长与气候因子的关系;(5)在分析现有森林资源的基础上,确认人工植被建设中纯林比重过大、乡土树种比例过小、生态系统十分脆弱;(6)研究了乡土树种资源,结果表明辽西山地乡土树种丰富,可以开发的较多,进而提出了可利用的乡土树种耐旱的形态和生理特征;同时,进一步提出了主要乡土树种研究和开发课题;(7)从生态工程的原理出发,提出并设计了辽西地区利用乡土树种可进行的生态建设工程项目。
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通过趾骨切片可以准确鉴定年龄,了解一个物种的最长寿命,也为我们研究确定一个物种的生长特点、性成熟期,以及一个地区一个物种的年龄结构、种群生态(Marnell,1998)和群落生态提供重要信息(Morrison,et a1.,2004)。 本论文使用骨骼鉴龄法对中国浙江省宁波市北仑瑞岩寺林场的镇海棘螈(Echinotriton chinhaiensis)雌性繁群进行了年龄结构研究。结果显示:第一次参加繁殖的年龄为3龄;繁群中数量占优势的是5龄、6龄。而在6龄以后参加繁殖的雌性个体数便开始随着年龄的增大而逐渐减少。参加繁殖的雌性年龄最大个体为8龄。平均年龄为5.13龄。同时对其年龄和头体长、体全长的相关性检验,发现其年龄与头体长和体全长不相关,镇海棘螈雌性的生长方式表现为性成熟后能量主要用于繁殖。 另外,对李子坪大凉疣螈(Tylototriton taliangensis) 雄性繁群进行了年龄结构研究。结果显示:大凉疣螈雄性第一次参加繁殖的年龄为4龄;繁群中数量占优势的是5龄、6龄、7龄。而在7龄以后参加繁殖的雄性个体数便开始随着年龄的增大而逐渐减少。参加繁殖的雄性中年龄最大的个体为10龄。平均年龄为6.7龄。对其年龄和头体长、体全长的相关性检验,发现其年龄与头体长和体全长不相关,大凉疣螈雄性生长特点也表现为性成熟后生长缓慢的特点。 研究材料方面,本文采用野外采样与标本馆标本相结合的方式获得了中国蝾螈科2个重要保护物种繁殖群体的剪(指)趾材料,使得建立于其上的年龄结构工作更加可靠、更加具有代表性。 此外,本论文讨论了镇海棘螈瑞岩寺种群繁殖总量年度间的差异及其产生原因。将1998、1999、2000、2008、2009年镇海棘螈(Echinotriton chinhaiensis) 瑞岩寺种群的繁殖量进行比较,发现虽然雌性平均窝卵数比较稳定,但繁殖总量小于1998、1999、2000年任何一年总产卵量的50%。对2008年镇海棘螈繁殖量大幅下降的原因分析发现, 2007年9、10月影响严重台风的两次强台风、瑞岩寺景区开发等因素可能是造成近年该种群繁殖量大幅下降的原因。而2008年初50年不遇的低温是否影响镇海棘螈的繁殖值得进一步追踪研究。2009年繁殖量较2008年没有明显的增长,可能是由于2007年的台风影响了其繁殖营养的积累。台风的影响可能存在滞后现象,对此有待进一步监测证明。 本研究首次对中国蝾螈科物种进行的年龄结构鉴定,为进一步了解中国蝾螈科动物的种群生态打下了坚实的基础。 Using skeletochronology, we can know the life span of a species, age of reaching sexual mature, and of course age structure, which are vital(Morrison,et a1.,2004). Skeletochronology was performed on Echinotriton chinhaiensis Ruiyansi female population. The result shows that: The oldest individuals were 8 years old and the youngest ones were 3 years old. Individuals of age class 5(39.13%) and 6(21.74%) were most numerous. The number of individuals participated in reproduction decreased with the increase of age after the sixth year. Average age is 5.13 years. There is no correlation between age and body size (SVL and TL). For female chinhai salamander, energy is devoted to reproduction after reaching sexual maturation. While using skeletochronology to study Tylototriton taliangensis Liziping male population, the oldest individuals is 10 years old, and the youngest ones is 4 years old. Individuals of the age class 5, 6, and 7 dominat this population. The number of individuals decrease with the increase of age also after the seventh year. Average age is 6.7 years old in this population. there is also no correlation between age and body size (SVL and TL).It turned out that T. taliangensis tend to grow slowly after reaching sexual maturation. In this thesis, specimens from both wild and museum were used to gain enough toe clipping samples. A big sample size guarantees the reliability of this study. In the meantime, E. chinhaiensis’s annual reproduction of the year 1998, 1999, 2000 ,2008,and 2009 was compared. The result shows there is a huge decline in E. chinhaiensis’s annual reproduction in 2008,even the egg clutch is very stable. After analyzing, it turned out the huge decline in 2008 was probably caused by typhoon in 2007, besides the effect of tourism development and cash crop planting. While the impact of extreme weather of 2008 on reproduction needs further investigation. In the year 2009, there is no obvious increase in annual reproduction. It maybe due to lasting impact of typhoon in 2007. It is the first age-structure study on these two Chinese salamanders. A solid foundation was laid for further population ecology study of these two species.
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青稞,是我国藏区居民对裸大麦的称谓,它不仅是藏民的主要食粮、燃料和牲畜饲料,而且也是啤酒、医药和保健品生产的原料;青稞不仅为藏区人民的健康和经济发展做出了很大的贡献,而且对人类健康和社会经济的可持续发展都有重要的意义。青藏高原是我国及世界上青稞分布和种植面积最大的地区,资源极其丰富。虽然从经典遗传直到分子标记对我国大麦遗传多样性都有研究,但研究手段、数量仍然不够深入,对我国大麦资源遗传多样性研究的信息非常有限,不能很好地满足大麦遗传研究和育种应用的需要,尤其是对西藏栽培大麦的遗传多样性的研究还只是刚刚开始,关于栽培青稞多态性的研究报道很少。本研究采用SSR标记和蛋白质电泳两类技术,从SSR标记位点、单体醇溶蛋白、B组醇溶蛋白和淀粉粒结合蛋白(SGP)等四个方面对我国青藏高原栽培青稞的遗传多样性进行了综合评价。 SSR标记具有基因组分布广泛、数量丰富、多态性高、容易检测、共显性、结果稳定可靠、实验重现性好、操作简单、经济、易于高通量分析等许多优点,被认为是用于遗传多样性、品种鉴定、物种的系统发育、亲缘关系及起源等研究的非常有效的分子标记。本研究采用SSR标记分析了64份青藏高原栽培青稞的遗传多样性,同时评估SSR标记在我国大麦育种和品种鉴定中的应用潜力。选择了30个已知作图位点SSR标记,其中25个标记与重要性状的控制位点连锁紧密。选择的30个SSR标记,5个未得到很好的扩增产物,3个无多态性。22个多态性SSR标记位点中,每位点检测出等位基因2~15个,共检测出等位基因132个,平均每位点6.0 个。各多态位点检测出基因型为2~11种,位点HVM33的基因型最多。各多态位点的多态信息指数为0.16~0.91, 平均为0.65。根据PIC值选择了13个SSR标记用于我国青藏高原栽培青稞基因型鉴定,这些标记的PIC值为0.6以上。结合PIC值和基因型差异,选择了8个多态信息含量高的SSR标记,构建了高效指纹图谱,此图谱能把64份材料完全区分。 贮藏蛋白电泳分析是研究相关编码蛋白基因多态性的非常有效的方法。大麦单体蛋白与小麦醇溶蛋白相对应,具有丰富的多态性,可用于大麦遗传多样性、品种鉴定和群体进化等研究。本研究通过A-PAGE电泳技术研究了84份青藏高原栽培青稞的单体醇溶蛋白多态性。大麦单体醇溶蛋白图谱与小麦醇溶蛋白电泳图谱类似,所分离的蛋白清晰地分为ω-,γ-,β-和α-四个部分。青藏高原栽培青稞单体醇溶蛋白具有丰富的多态性,84份青稞材料中存在43条不同的蛋白带,75种组合带谱;其中67种为单一材料所独有,另8种则分别包含了2-3份材料。每份材料中拥有醇溶蛋白带为6-16条,含有6-10条单体醇溶蛋白带材料较多。西藏和四川材料群体单体醇溶蛋白多态性不同,具有区域特异性。西藏材料中发现了40条不同蛋白带,3条特异带,46 种蛋白组合;四川材料中出现了40种不同蛋白带,26种条带组合, 3条特异带。基于单体蛋白多态性的聚类与材料的来源有一定的相关性。A-PAGE单体蛋白具有丰富的多态性,可作为遗传研究和品种鉴定的标记。 大麦醇溶蛋白(hordein)是大麦籽粒的主要贮藏蛋白,与大麦的营养品质和加工品质密切相关,而且具有丰富的多态性,广泛用于品种鉴定、种质筛选、遗传多样性和亲缘关系研究。B组醇溶蛋白是主要的醇溶蛋白组份,约占总醇溶蛋白的80%,而且具有丰富的多态性。本研究采用SDS-PAGE分析了72份青藏高原栽培青稞B组醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性。青藏高原栽培青稞B组醇溶蛋白具有丰富的多态性,72份青稞材料中存在15种蛋白带,30种组合带谱,其中15种为单一材料所独有,另15种则分别包含了2-10份材料。每份材料中B组醇溶蛋白条带数为4-8条,含5、6条的材料较常见。不同来源的群体材料间B组醇溶蛋白组成存在差异,西藏青稞含有26种蛋白组合带谱,其中有19种特异带谱;四川群体中共发现11种蛋白组合带型,其中有4种特有带谱。两群体中都存在稀有条带。聚类分析将材料分成三组,材料聚类与材料来源地没有明显的相关性。 淀粉粒蛋白(Starch granule proteins, SGPs)是一类与淀粉粒结合的微量蛋白,一些淀粉粒蛋白具有淀粉生化合成中主要的酶蛋白功能,其变异会影响淀粉含量和特性,从而影响淀粉的应用。关于我国大麦淀粉粒组成研究还未见报道。本实验首次开创了我国大麦淀粉粒结合蛋白的研究工作。采用SDS-PAGE电泳技术研究了青藏高原栽培青稞的SGP组成,并分析了不同SGP组合间淀粉含量的差异,初步探索了所分离的SGP蛋白与淀粉合成的关系。66份青稞材料中分离了10种主要的SGP,其表观分子量为40-100KD,低于60KD的SGP带有7条,共有16种组合带谱;各SGP蛋白和组合带谱出现的频率存在差异,青藏高原青稞的SGP组成存在多态性。西藏青稞和四川青稞的SGP组成有很大差异,SGP组成具有地域差异性,西藏青稞含有12种蛋白组合带谱,其中有9种特异带谱;四川群体中共发现7种蛋白组合带型,其中有4种特有带谱;两群体中仅有3种共同的蛋白组合带谱。SGP蛋白特性将66份青稞分为三组, 即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ,材料聚类与材料来源具有一定的相关性。不同组合带谱材料间淀粉含量差异显著性检验结果显示,不同带谱间材料的总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量有差异,带谱2(SGP1+3+7+9+10)和8(SGP1+2+4+6+8)的总淀粉含量及支链淀粉含量显著大于组合带谱3(SGP1+3+7+10)的总淀粉含量。组合带谱7(SGP1+2+6+8)的直链淀粉含量显著低于带谱11(SGP1+5+8)的直链淀粉。带谱SGP2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10可能参与淀粉合成,SGP9可能与高支链淀粉的合成相关。 SSR标记位点、单体醇溶蛋白、B组醇溶蛋白、淀粉结合蛋白等四个方面的研究结果表明青藏高原SSR标记多态性、单体醇溶蛋白多态性、B组醇溶蛋白多态性和SGP多态性都非常丰富,与青藏高原是栽培青稞的多样性分布中心的观点一致。 青藏高原栽培青稞的SSR标记、单体醇溶蛋白、B组醇溶蛋白和SGP多态性表现出很大差异。SSR标记覆盖了整个基因组,多态性非常高。单体蛋白、B组醇溶蛋白、SGP蛋白是育种中非常关注的性状,他们只是代表基因组中的某一区域或位点,多态性相对较低。但单体蛋白多态性很高,84份材料中检测出43条不同蛋白带,75种不同的组合带谱。SSR标记技术和单体蛋白技术都是遗传多样性研究的有力工具,但单体蛋白技术不仅多态性高,而且经济、操作简便,是种质鉴定的理想方法。 对不同标记的多态性材料数据进行聚类,聚类图能为我们提供各材料间的遗传相似信息,为材料选择提供参考。但材料聚类与材料来源的地理区域的相关性表现不一致。SSR聚类和B组醇溶蛋白聚类与材料的来源地无相关性,而单体醇溶蛋白和SGP聚类与材料来源地有一定相关性,即西藏群体和四川群体分别有集中类群,这可能是人为选择的附加效应。 不同来源的群体材料的遗传多样性不同,具有区域特异稀有基因,加强不同地区间资源的交换和配合使用,有利于增加群体遗传多样性和新品种培育。 青藏高原栽培青稞的麦芽浸提性状、淀粉性状、病虫及裸粒等重要农艺性状控制位点存在丰富的变异,遗传基础宽广,可能蕴藏着多种不同的等位基因,是研究重要性状遗传特性、基因资源挖掘和遗传育种的宝贵资源库。 Hulless barley, due to its favorable attributes such as high feed value, good human nutrition,rich dietary fiber and ease processing, attracts people,s attention . Hulless barley plays a very important role in Tibetan life, used as essential food crop, main animal feed and important fuel. In addition to tsampa (roasted barley flour), a main food for Tibetan, hulless barley is also made into cake, soup, porridge, recent naked barley liquor and cornmeal. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is one of a few areas which plant naked barley widely in the world and also has a long growing history. Genetic diversity of the cultivated hulless barley in this region , however, has not been documented. The study of genetic diversity existing within this population is of particular interest in germplasm identification, preservation, and new cultivar development. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of the cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet plateau through the study of SSR marker loci and monomeric prolamins, B-horden and starch granule proteins. SSRs are present abundantly in genomes of higher organisms and have become a popular marker system in plant studies. SSRs offer a number of advantages, such as the high level of polymorphisms, locus specificity, co-dominance, reproducibility, ease of use through PCRand random distribution throughout the genome. In barley, several hundred SSRs have been developed and genetically mapped and can therefore be selected from specific genomic regions. The genetic diversity of 64 cultivated naked barley from Tibet and Sichuan was studied with 30 SSRs of known map location.Among the selected SSR markers, PCR products of 5 SSR markers were not obtained and 3 SSR marker loci were monomeric. A total of 132 alleles were identified at 22 polyomeric SSR loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 15, with an average of 6.0. The polymorphism information content values for the SSRs ranged from 0.08 to 0.94, with an average of 0.65. 13 SSR markers with the PIC value >0.6 have been selected for discrimination of Qinghai-Tibet naked barley genotypews. A finger Print map was developed through 7 SSR markers with the high PIC value. It could be used as an efficient tool for gene discovery and identification of gernplasm. Hordeins, the main storage proteins of the barley seed, are composed of momomeric and polymeric prolamins and divided into -A, B, C and D groups in order of decreasing electrophoretic mobility. Hordeins show high inter-genotypic variation and have been extensively used as markers for cultivar identification and analyzing the genetic diversity. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of B-hordein in 72 naked barley from Qinqhai-Tibet Plateau. Extensive diversity was observed. A total of 15 different bands and 30 distinct patterns were found. Jaccard's coefficient of similarity was calculated, and the accessions were divided into three main groups by cluster analysis using UPGMA. Differentiation among the populations from different collecting regions based on the polymorphism of B-hordein was investigated. Monomeric prolamins show high inter-genotypic variation and have been used as molecular markers for cultivar identification, analyzing the genetic diversity in collections and investigating the evolution processes and structure of populations However, the cultivated hulless accessions from Qinghai-Tibet Pateau in China have never been examined with respect to monomeric prolamins. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of monomeric prolamins (protein fraction corresponding to wheat gliadins) using the Acid -PAGE technique in eighty-four cultivated hulless barley from Qinqhai-Tibet Plateau in China. Extensive diversity was observed. A total of 43 different bands were found, of which 21 different bands were in the region of ω group, 8 in the region of γ, 8 in the region of β, and 6 in the region of α group. Among the 86 accessions, 75 distinct patterns were identified. The number of bands ranged from 6 to 16, depending on the variety. Jaccard’s coefficient of similarity was calculated, and the lines were grouped by cluster analysis using UPGMA. A dendrogram was obtained from the analysis of the groups and five main clusters were identified. No relationship between the distribution in the dendrogram and growth habits and origins of the cultivars could be detected. Starch is the major constituent of the cereal endosperm, comprising approximately 65% of the dry weight of the mature wheat grain. The starch formed in all organs of plants is packaged into starch granules, which vary widely between species and cultivars in size and shape. Wheat endosperm starch granules contain about corresponding to the main biosynthase of starch. This report firstly dealed with intraspecific variation of the major SGPs in cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet plateau. A total of 10 major SGPs were observed in the range of 40KD-100KD and 16 types of patterns were found. Based on the variation of SGPs, accessions studied were classified into 3 groups. A geographical cline of electrophoregram was observed. In addition, significance test of the difference of starch content among groups and types of patterns were done, and the results indicated those SGPs could be related to the content of starch. Diagram obtained through cluster analysis exhibited a structuration of diversity and genetic relationship among cultivated hulless accessions. In breeding program, parents with genetically distant relationship for hybridization will increase genetic diversity of progenies. In conclusion, cultivated naked barley from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China presents a high variability with respect to monomeric prolamins,SSR markers , B- hordeins and SGPs. The result of this study supports Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the center of cultivated hulless barley and the cultivated naked barley is considered to be a gene pool with large diversity and could be applied to breeding for cereal.
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用1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMBP)做萃取剂,氯仿和环己烷为稀释剂,观察了在HCl溶液46Sc的溶剂萃取行为。实验结果表明,从10-3~10-2mol/L的HCl溶液中用PMBP-氯仿(或环己烷)能有效地萃取46Sc,萃取率可达95%以上。另外,对PMBP从HCl溶液中萃取46Sc和234Th的结果也做了比较,结果表明,通过控制水溶液中HCl的浓度,能实现234Th与46Sc的分离。
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用1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMBP)为萃取剂,苯为稀释剂,从pH5的水相中萃取船224Ra,发现224Ra的萃取效率非常低。若往PMBP中加入少量的磷酸三丁脂(TBP),则会极大地提高镭的萃取效率,这说明TBP对PMBP萃取镭有显著的协同萃取效应。完成了萃取时间和反萃时间对224Ra萃取效率的影响以及224Ra萃取效率与TBP量之间的依赖关系等条件实验。
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用1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMBP)做萃取剂研究了从HNO_3介质中痕量钪的溶剂萃取行为。发现在很低的酸度下,PMBP几乎可以定量地萃取痕量的钪。同时,也讨论了用PMBP从~(18)O离子辐照过的铀靶溶液中萃取分离钍时钪的沾污。
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在用PMBP(1 苯基 3 甲基 4 苯甲酰基 5 吡唑啉酮 )从 14MeV中子照射过的天然U靶溶液中萃取Th流程的基础上 ,将萃取介质改为HNO3溶液 ,并将单次萃取 反萃改为两次萃取 反萃 ;在反萃溶液中加入I- 载体和NaNO2溶液 ,在Fe(OH) 3沉淀溶液中加入Br- 载体。用改进后的流程从 6 0MeV/u18O离子轰击天然U的HNO3溶液中分离Th ,从制得的Th样品的γ射线谱可以看出 ,该流程能去除绝大部分产物元素 ,特别是能完全去除溴和碘
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用1-苯基-3-甲基-4-苯甲酰基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMBP)为萃取剂,~(234)Th作示踪剂,完成了在硝酸介质中痕量钍溶剂萃取行为的研究。在~(234)Th萃取效率与酸度、萃取剂浓度、平衡时间等依赖关系的条件实验的基础上,获得了萃取钍的最佳条件。使用改进的PMBP萃取钍的流程,从~(18)O离子辐照过的铀靶中分离钍,钍样品的γ射线单谱显示绝大部分反应产物和大量铀的去除是满意的。
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基于兰州重离子加速器国家实验室 (HIRFL )的中能放射性核束线 (RIBLL)及北京串列加速器国家实验室 (HI- 1 3 )的低能放射性核束线 (GIRAFFE) ,开展放射性核束物理和核天体物理研究 ,拟解决的关键科学问题是 :远离β稳定线核的结构与反应 ;超重新核素及近滴线核素的合成和性质研究 ,极端同位旋非对称核物质特性和关键的天体核反应研究 .研究内容分成 7个课题 :(1 )晕核研究 ;(2 )新核素合成及超重新核素研究 ;(3 )丰中子核结构和反应 ;(4)丰质子核结构和反应 ;(5 )高自旋的同位旋相关性 ;(6 )关键天体核反应 ;(7)系统的理论研究 .上述研究也将是 2 0 0 5年建成的国家大科学工程——兰州冷却贮存环的主要科学目标的研究基础 .简述了近期的主要工作进展 .
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利用树木径向生长仪研究了黄土丘陵区6年生油松(Pinus tabulaef ormis)、山杨(Populus davidiana)和辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)及林下灌木胡颓子(Elaegnus umbellata)4种林木整个生长季茎干的径向变化,发现4种林木的径向变化表现为膨胀收缩旋回增长的模式。在整个生长季中,山杨从5月到10月径向持续增长,增长时间最长;而油松和胡颓子的径向生长主要发生在7月份,从8月份开始其增长速率变缓;辽东栎在整个生长季节的径向生长最小。在整个生长季内,山杨径向增长了2.63 mm,胡颓子为0.64 mm,油松和辽东栎则分别为0.40 mm和0.26 mm。辽东栎日收缩量与膨胀量明显大于其他树种。通过对影响林木径向生长的15种环境因子进行主成分分析后,将主要环境因子归结为温度影响因子、湿度影响因子和降水影响因子3个主成分,并提取了影响该区几种林木生长的主要环境因子:日大于0℃的积温、最低6 h相对湿度和日降雨量。采用线性逐步回归方法,建立了日膨胀量与日收缩量与3个主要环境因子之间的关系。发现日收缩量与日大于0℃的积温成正相关,而与最低6 h相对湿度和日降雨...
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泥沙问题是黄河治理的关键,而黄河泥沙主要来源于中游黄土高原强烈的水土流失。在黄土高原,耕地水土流失面积占耕地总面积的71.3%[1],其中坡耕地土壤流失量可占流域土壤总流失量的60%~70%[2]。水土流失时,土壤中的养分会随径流及侵蚀泥沙迁入水体[3],使细颗粒泥沙发生絮凝或分散,而流失泥沙中细颗粒泥沙含量又往往高于耕层。细颗粒泥沙的絮凝或分散,对泥沙输移和沉积过程有重要作用,是造成水库、灌溉渠系以及港湾河口淤积的重要原因,也是研究高含沙水流、浑水淤灌,以及设计冲沙模型的基础[4]。同时, 侵蚀径流中细颗粒泥沙的絮凝或分散也会影响表土的导水率,从而影响水土流失量[5,6]。显然,研究细颗粒泥沙的絮凝或分散对揭示土壤侵蚀机理,以及研究泥沙输移、沉积规律具有重要的意义。但以往研究多侧重于咸淡水交界地区的水质和沙样,较少考虑盐度变化对细颗粒泥沙运动的影响[7]。本文拟以天然级配的细颗粒泥沙作为研究对象,探讨不同浓度NaCl对细颗粒泥沙静水絮凝及沉降的影响,以期为有关问题的深入研究提供科学依据。1材料与方法1.1供试材料供试样为耕层(0~20cm)土,风干后过0.1mm筛,装袋备用。实验前测定泥沙吸湿含水量为3.3...
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本文对新疆策勒绿洲胡杨在灌溉前后水分生理特性变化进行了研究。结果表明 :1)灌溉后胡杨水势的日均值 (- 1.4 5MPa)比灌溉前 (- 1.97MPa)有显著增加 ;2 )灌溉后胡杨蒸腾速率的日均值 (1.4 1mmolm- 2 s- 1 )比灌溉前(1.34mmolm- 2 s- 1 )有所升高 ,但幅度不大 ;3)试验证明 ,胡杨的生长对环境水分状况的依赖性相对较强。因此 ,维持胡杨生境内的水分平衡 ,是促进胡杨正常生长、更新的重要前提。该研究将对策勒绿洲胡杨的合理利用和科学管理提供一定的理论依据。
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以粤西黑石顶自然保护区为对象 ,探讨了南亚热带森林群落演替系列上 3个主要演替阶段的代表类型 :针叶林 (马尾松群落 )、针阔混交林 (马尾松 +吊皮椎 +木荷 +枫香群落 )、南亚热带常绿阔叶林 (粘木 +小叶胭脂 +光叶红豆 +黄果厚壳桂群落 )的生物量和净第一性生产力及其分配规律 .结果表明 ,针叶林生物量为 2 4 6 .6 97t·hm-2 ,净第一性生产力为 14 .715t·hm-2 ·yr-1;针阔混交林生物量为 2 87.36 7t·hm-2 ,净第一性生产力为 17.179t·hm-2 ·yr-1;常绿阔叶林生物量为 35 7.976t·hm-2 ,净第一性生产力为18.730t·hm-2 ·yr-1.可见黑石顶自然保护区南亚热带 3种森林群落的发展阶段已比较接近 ,即针叶林、针阔混交林较为成熟 ,常绿阔叶林相对年轻 .在不受或低度外界干扰的情况下 ,随着森林群落的正向演替 ,其生物量和净第一性生产力均呈增加趋势 .
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采用流动注射分析技术研究了半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽对鲁米诺微弱电化学发光的增敏行为。对影响电化学发光的各因素进行了试验和探讨 ,提出了可能的反应机理 ,并建立一种电化学发光测定半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽的新方法。半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽的浓度在 1 .0× 1 0 - 6 mol/L~ 5 .0× 1 0 - 5 mol/L和 1 .0× 1 0 - 6mol/L~ 2 .0× 1 0 - 5 mol/L之间呈良好的线性关系 ,相关系数分别为 0 .993和0 998,检出限分别为 0 .67μmol/L和 0 .72 μmol/L。对 1 .0× 1 0 - 5mol/L的半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽进行 1 1次平行测定 ,相对标准偏差分别为 4.5 %和 3.7%。
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A novel poly(vinyl alcohol) grafting 4-vinylpyridine self-gelatinizable copolymer was adapted to immobilize glucose oxidase. The reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was detected at a Prussian Blue (PB) modified graphite electrode. A stable and sensitive glucose amperometric biosensor is described. The copolymer is a good biocompatible polymer in which the glucose oxidase retains high activity. Moreover, the copolymer can adhere firmly to the inorganic PB membrane. The sensor showed an apparent Michaelis-Menten constant of 18 +/- 0.2 mM and a maximum current density of 1.14 mu A cm(-2) mM(-1). The linear range is from 5 mu M to 4.5 mM glucose and the detection limit is 0.5. mu M glucose. The catalytic efficiency of PB for the reduction of H2O2 is higher than that for the oxidation of H2O2. Glucose concentrations in serum samples from healthy persons and diabetic patients were determined using the sensor. The results compared well with those provided by the hospital using a spectroscopy method.